In R Programming Language the title()
function is often used to add annotations, titles, and labels to specific regions of a plot. The function allows customization of the main title, subtitle, and axis labels. Here’s a brief explanation of the parameters commonly used with the title()
function.
Syntax:
title(main = NULL, sub = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, …)
Parameters:
main: Main title of the graph
sub: Defines subtitles
Parameters used in the title function()
There are some common parameters that are used in title function.
-
xlab
: Label for the X-axis. -
ylab
: Label for the Y-axis. -
line
: Line number where the title and subtitle start. Default is 3. -
outer
: If TRUE, titles are plotted in the outer margin. -
col.main
,col.sub
,col.lab
: Colors for the main title, subtitle, and axis labels. -
cex.main
,cex.sub
,cex.lab
: Character expansion for the main title, subtitle, and axis labels. -
font.main
,font.sub
,font.lab
: Font style for the main title, subtitle, and axis labels.
Adding title to the plot using title function()
# R program to add title to a Graph # Specifying axis values x<-1:5; y<-x*x # Creating a plot plot (x, y, main = "" , xlab = "" , ylab = "" ,
col.axis = "darkgreen" )
# Calling title() function title (main = "Graph " , sub = "Geeksforgeeks article" ,
xlab = "X axis" , ylab = "Y axis" ,
cex.main = 4, font.main = 3, col.main = "darkgreen" ,
cex.sub = 2, font.sub = 3, col.sub = "darkgreen" ,
col.lab = "black"
)
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Output:
In above example main title and sub titles are added to the plot. The arguments that can be used to change the font size are as follows:
- cex.main: size for main title
- cex.lab: text size for axis title
- cex.sub: text size of the sub-title
Adding title to the plot using title function()
barplot ( c (1, 10) )
title (main = "PLOT " , sub = "Geeksforgeeks article" ,
xlab = "X axis" , ylab = "Y axis" ,
# Change the colors col.main= "darkgreen" , col.lab= "black" , col.sub= "darkgreen" ,
# Titles in italic and bold font.main = 4, font.lab = 4, font.sub = 3, # Change font size cex.main = 3, cex.lab = 1.7, cex.sub = 2 ) |
Output:
Adding title to the plot using title function()
# R program to add title to a Graph # Specifying axis values x <- 1:5 y <- x * x # Creating a colorful and customized plot plot (x, y,
main = "" , # Main title
xlab = "" , # X-axis label
ylab = "" , # Y-axis label
col.axis = "darkgreen" # Color of the axis
) # Calling title() function with customization title (main = "Graph" ,
sub = "Geeksforgeeks article" ,
cex.main = 2.5, # Character expansion for the main title
font.main = 2, # Font style for the main title
col.main = "purple" , # Color of the main title
cex.sub = 1.5, # Character expansion for the subtitle
font.sub = 3, # Font style for the subtitle
col.sub = "orange" , # Color of the subtitle
xlab = "X axis" , # X-axis label
cex.lab = 1.2, # Character expansion for the X-axis label
font.lab = 4, # Font style for the X-axis label
col.lab = "blue" # Color of the X-axis label
) # Adding some points for better visualization points (x, y, col = "red" , pch = 16, cex = 1.5)
# Adding a legend legend ( "topright" , legend = "Data Points" , col = "red" , pch = 16,
cex = 1.5, bg = "white" , box.lwd = 0)
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Output:
-
Data Setup: Defines
x
andy
as values for the x and y axes. -
Plot Creation: Uses the
plot()
function to create a colorful plot with specified axes and axis color. -
Title Customization: Calls
title()
to add a main title, subtitle, and customize fonts and colors for both titles and axis labels. -
Data Points: Adds red data points to the plot using
points()
for enhanced visualization. - Legend Inclusion: Places a legend in the top-right corner to label the red data points with appropriate styling.
- Visualization: The final result is a visually appealing and customized plot with titles, labeled axes, data points, and a legend.