Plotly is a Python library that is used to design graphs, especially interactive graphs. It can plot various graphs and charts like histogram, barplot, boxplot, spreadplot, and many more. It is mainly used in data analysis as well as financial analysis. Plotly is an interactive visualization library.
Volume Plot in Plotly
A volume plot is a plot with go.volume which shows many partially transparent isosurfaces for rendering the volume. The opacityscale parameter of go. Volume results in a depth effect and generates better volume rendering. Three-dimensional volume visualization is a method that allows one to observe and manipulate 3D volumetric data. It represents 3D objects in terms of surfaces and edges approximated by polygons and lines.
Syntax: plotly.graph_objects.3d_Volume(arg=None, autocolorscale=None, caps=None, cauto=None, cmax=None, cmid=None, cmin=None, coloraxis=None, colorbar=None, colorscale=None, contour=None, customdata=None, customdatasrc=None, flatshading=None, hoverinfo=None, hoverinfosrc=None, hoverlabel=None, hovertemplate=None, hovertemplatesrc=None, hovertext=None, hovertextsrc=None, ids=None, idssrc=None, isomax=None, isomin=None, legendgroup=None, lighting=None, lightposition=None, meta=None, metasrc=None, name=None, opacity=None, opacityscale=None, reversescale=None, scene=None, showlegend=None, showscale=None, slices=None, spaceframe=None, stream=None, surface=None, text=None, textsrc=None, uid=None, uirevision=None, value=None, valuesrc=None, visible=None, x=None, xsrc=None, y=None, ysrc=None, z=None, zsrc=None, **kwargs)
Parameters:
x – Sets the X coordinates of the vertices on X axis.
y – Sets the Y coordinates of the vertices on Y axis.
z – Sets the Z coordinates of the vertices on Z axis.
value – Sets the 4th dimension (value) of the vertices.
Example:
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import numpy as np
x1 = np.linspace(-4, 4, 9)
y1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
z1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(x1, y1, z1)
values = (np.sin(X**2 + Y**2))/(X**2 + Y**2)
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Volume(
x=X.flatten(),
y=Y.flatten(),
z=Z.flatten(),
value=values.flatten(),
opacity=0.1,
))
fig.show() |
Output:
Customizing caps in volume plot
In plotly, for more clear visualization of the internal surface, it is possible that the cap can be removed. Caps are visible by default.
Example 1:
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import plotly.express as px
import numpy as np
df = px.data.tips()
x1 = np.linspace(-4, 4, 9)
y1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
z1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(x1, y1, z1)
values = (np.sin(X**2 + Y**2))/(X**2 + Y**2)
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Volume(
x=X.flatten(),
y=Y.flatten(),
z=Z.flatten(),
value=values.flatten(),
opacity=0.1,
caps= dict(x_show=False, y_show=False, z_show=True),
))
fig.show() |
Output:
Example 2:
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import plotly.express as px
import numpy as np
df = px.data.tips()
x1 = np.linspace(-4, 4, 9)
y1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
z1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(x1, y1, z1)
values = (np.sin(X**2 + Y**2))/(X**2 + Y**2)
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Volume(
x=X.flatten(),
y=Y.flatten(),
z=Z.flatten(),
value=values.flatten(),
opacity=0.1,
caps= dict(x_show=False, y_show=True, z_show=False),
))
fig.show() |
Output:
Custom opacity scale
In plotly, it is possible to define the custom opacity scale, mapping scalar values proportionate to opacity values. The value is given from 0-1 and the maximum opacity is provided by the opacity keyword.
Example:
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import plotly.express as px
import numpy as np
df = px.data.tips()
x1 = np.linspace(-4, 4, 9)
y1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
z1 = np.linspace(-5, 5, 11)
X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(x1, y1, z1)
values = (np.sin(X**2 + Y**2))/(X**2 + Y**2)
fig = go.Figure(data=go.Volume(
x=X.flatten(),
y=Y.flatten(),
z=Z.flatten(),
isomin=-0.5,
isomax=0.5,
value=values.flatten(),
opacity=0.1,
opacityscale=[[-0.5, 1], [-0.2, 0], [0.2, 0], [0.5, 1]],
colorscale='RdBu'
))
fig.show() |
Output: