Transformation is a way of modifying and changing the position of an existing object in computer graphics. 3D transformation manipulates the view of 3 D object based on its original position by simply modifying the physical attributes of that object by using various methods of transformation like translation, rotation, scaling, shear, etc. In 3D transformation, lines maintain their existing state. The location of objects with respect to others can easily express. Parallelism maintains its original state. Proportional distances are also preserved. 
3D transformations can be drawn on a 3D plane. 3D transformations are more complex than 2D transformations and are very important and helpful in changing the shape of an object, the size of an object, the position of an object, etc.

The different types of transformations that are used in computer graphics are:

Translation
Scaling
Rotation
Shearing
Reflection

Related Article: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-graphics-3d-translation-transformation/