C Macro & Preprocessor

123
Question 1
#include <stdio.h>
#define PRINT(i, limit) do 
                        { 
                            if (i++ < limit) 
                            { 
                                printf("GeeksQuizn"); 
                                continue; 
                            } 
                        }while(1)

int main()
{
    PRINT(0, 3);
    return 0;
}
How many times GeeksQuiz is printed in the above program?
A
1
B
3
C
4
D
Compile-time error
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Question 1 Explanation: 
The PRINT macro gets expanded at the pre-processor time i.e. before the compilation time. After the macro expansion, the if expression becomes: if (0++ < 3). Since 0 is a constant figure and represents only r-value, applying increment operator gives compile-time error: lvalue required. lvalue means a memory location with some address.
Question 2
#include <stdio.h>
#if X == 3
    #define Y 3
#else
    #define Y 5
#endif

int main()
{
    printf("%d", Y);
    return 0;
}
What is the output of the above program?
A
3
B
5
C
3 or 5 depending on value of X
D
Compile time error
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Question 2 Explanation: 
In the first look, the output seems to be compile-time error because macro X has not been defined. In C, if a macro is not defined, the pre-processor assigns 0 to it by default. Hence, the control goes to the conditional else part and 5 is printed. See the next question for better understanding.
Question 3
What is the output of following program? 
#include <stdio.h>
#define macro(n, a, i, m) m##a##i##n
#define MAIN macro(n, a, i, m)

int MAIN()
{
    printf("GeeksQuiz");
    return 0;
}
A
Compiler Error
B
GeeksQuiz
C
MAIN
D
main
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Question 3 Explanation: 
The program has a preprocessor that replaces "MAIN" with "macro(n, a, i, m)". The line "macro(n, a, i, m)" is again replaced by main. The key thing to note is token pasting operator ## which concatenates parameters to macro.
Question 4
#include <stdio.h>
#define X 3
#if !X
    printf("Geeks");
#else
    printf("Quiz");
 
#endif
int main()
{
        return 0;
}
A
Geeks
B
Quiz
C
Compiler Error
D
Runtime Error
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Question 4 Explanation: 
A program is converted to executable using following steps 1) Preprocessing 2) C code to object code conversion 3) Linking The first step processes macros. So the code is converted to following after the preprocessing step. 
printf("Quiz");
int main()
{
        return 0;
}
The above code produces error because printf() is called outside main. The following program works fine and prints "Quiz" 
#include 
#define X 3

int main()
{
#if !X
    printf("Geeks");
#else
    printf("Quiz");

#endif
    return 0;
}
Question 5
#include <stdio.h>
#define ISEQUAL(X, Y) X == Y
int main()
{
    #if ISEQUAL(X, 0)
        printf("Geeks");
    #else
        printf("Quiz");
    #endif
    return 0;
}
Output of the above program?
A
Geeks
B
Quiz
C
Any of Geeks or Quiz
D
Compile time error
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Question 5 Explanation: 
The conditional macro #if ISEQUAL(X, 0) is expanded to #if X == 0. After the pre-processing is over, all the undefined macros are initialized with default value 0. Since macro X has not been defined, it is initialized with 0. So, Geeks is printed.
Question 6
#include <stdio.h>
#define square(x) x*x
int main()
{
  int x;
  x = 36/square(6);
  printf("%d", x);
  return 0;
}
A
1
B
36
C
0
D
Compiler Error
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Question 6 Explanation: 
Preprocessor replaces square(6) by 6*6 and the expression becomes x = 36/6*6 and value of x is calculated as 36. Note that the macro will also fail for expressions "x = square(6-2)" If we want correct behavior from macro square(x), we should declare the macro as 
#define square(x) ((x)*(x))
Question 7
Output? 
# include <stdio.h>
# define scanf  "%s Geeks Quiz "
int main()
{
   printf(scanf, scanf);
   return 0;
}
A
Compiler Error
B
%s Geeks Quiz
C
Geeks Quiz
D
%s Geeks Quiz Geeks Quiz
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Question 7 Explanation: 
After pre-processing phase of compilation, printf statement will become. printf("%s Geeks Quiz ", "%s Geeks Quiz "); Now you can easily guess why output is "%s Geeks Quiz Geeks Quiz".
Question 8
#include <stdio.h>
#define a 10
int main()
{
  printf("%d ",a);

  #define a 50

  printf("%d ",a);
  return 0;
}
A
Compiler Error
B
10 50
C
50 50
D
10 10
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Question 8 Explanation: 
Preprocessor doesn't give any error if we redefine a preprocessor directive. It may give warning though. Preprocessor takes the most recent value before use of and put it in place of a.
Question 9
Output? 
#include<stdio.h> 
#define f(g,g2) g##g2 
int main() 
{ 
   int var12 = 100; 
   printf("%d", f(var,12)); 
   return 0; 
}
A
100
B
Compiler Error
C
0
D
1
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Question 9 Explanation: 
The operator ## is called “Token-Pasting” or “Merge” Operator. It merges two tokens into one token. So, after preprocessing, the main function becomes as follows, and prints 100. 
int main() 
{ 
   int var12 = 100; 
   printf("%d", var12); 
   return 0; 
}
Question 10
Which file is generated after pre-processing of a C program?
A
.p
B
.i
C
.o
D
.m
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Question 10 Explanation: 
After the pre-processing of a C program, a .i file is generated which is passed to the compiler for compilation.
There are 21 questions to complete.
123


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