Open In App

ZigZag Tree Traversal

Improve
Improve
Improve
Like Article
Like
Save Article
Save
Share
Report issue
Report

Write a function to print ZigZag order traversal of a binary tree. For the below binary tree the zigzag order traversal will be 1 3 2 7 6 5 4.

 

Recommended Practice

This problem can be solved using two stacks. 

Assume the two stacks are current: currentlevel and nextlevel. We would also need a variable to keep track of the current level order(whether it is left to right or right to left). We pop from the currentlevel stack and print the nodes value. Whenever the current level order is from left to right, push the nodes left child, then its right child to the stack nextlevel. Since a stack is a LIFO(Last-In-First_out) structure, next time when nodes are popped off nextlevel, it will be in the reverse order. On the other hand, when the current level order is from right to left, we would push the nodes right child first, then its left child. Finally, do-not forget to swap those two stacks at the end of each level(i.e., when current level is empty) 

Below is the implementation of the above approach:  

C++

// C++ implementation of a O(n) time method for
// Zigzag order traversal
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
 
// Binary Tree node
struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node *left, *right;
};
 
// function to print the zigzag traversal
void zigzagtraversal(struct Node* root)
{
    // if null then return
    if (!root)
        return;
 
    // declare two stacks
    stack<struct Node*> currentlevel;
    stack<struct Node*> nextlevel;
 
    // push the root
    currentlevel.push(root);
 
    // check if stack is empty  
    bool lefttoright = true;
    while (!currentlevel.empty()) {
 
        // pop out of stack
        struct Node* temp = currentlevel.top();
        currentlevel.pop();
 
        // if not null
        if (temp) {
 
            // print the data in it
            cout << temp->data << " ";
 
            // store data according to current
            // order.
            if (lefttoright) {
                if (temp->left)
                    nextlevel.push(temp->left);
                if (temp->right)
                    nextlevel.push(temp->right);
            }
            else {
                if (temp->right)
                    nextlevel.push(temp->right);
                if (temp->left)
                    nextlevel.push(temp->left);
            }
        }
 
        if (currentlevel.empty()) {
            lefttoright = !lefttoright;
            swap(currentlevel, nextlevel);
        }
    }
}
 
// A utility function to create a new node
struct Node* newNode(int data)
{
    struct Node* node = new struct Node;
    node->data = data;
    node->left = node->right = NULL;
    return (node);
}
 
// driver program to test the above function
int main()
{
    // create tree
    struct Node* root = newNode(1);
    root->left = newNode(2);
    root->right = newNode(3);
    root->left->left = newNode(7);
    root->left->right = newNode(6);
    root->right->left = newNode(5);
    root->right->right = newNode(4);
    cout << "ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is \n";
 
    zigzagtraversal(root);
 
    return 0;
}

                    

Java

// Java implementation of a O(n) time
// method for Zigzag order traversal
import java.util.*;
 
// Binary Tree node
class Node
{
int data;
Node leftChild;
Node rightChild;
Node(int data)
{
    this.data = data;
}
}
 
class BinaryTree {
Node rootNode;
 
// function to print the
// zigzag traversal
void printZigZagTraversal() {
     
    // if null then return
    if (rootNode == null) {
    return;
    }
 
    // declare two stacks
    Stack<Node> currentLevel = new Stack<>();
    Stack<Node> nextLevel = new Stack<>();
 
    // push the root
    currentLevel.push(rootNode);
    boolean leftToRight = true;
 
    // check if stack is empty
    while (!currentLevel.isEmpty()) {
 
    // pop out of stack
    Node node = currentLevel.pop();
     
    // print the data in it
    System.out.print(node.data + " ");
 
    // store data according to current
    // order.
    if (leftToRight) {
        if (node.leftChild != null) {
        nextLevel.push(node.leftChild);
        }
         
        if (node.rightChild != null) {
        nextLevel.push(node.rightChild);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (node.rightChild != null) {
        nextLevel.push(node.rightChild);
        }
         
        if (node.leftChild != null) {
        nextLevel.push(node.leftChild);
        }
    }
 
    if (currentLevel.isEmpty()) {
        leftToRight = !leftToRight;
        Stack<Node> temp = currentLevel;
        currentLevel = nextLevel;
        nextLevel = temp;
    }
    }
}
}
 
public class zigZagTreeTraversal {
 
// driver program to test the above function
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree();
    tree.rootNode = new Node(1);
    tree.rootNode.leftChild = new Node(2);
    tree.rootNode.rightChild = new Node(3);
    tree.rootNode.leftChild.leftChild = new Node(7);
    tree.rootNode.leftChild.rightChild = new Node(6);
    tree.rootNode.rightChild.leftChild = new Node(5);
    tree.rootNode.rightChild.rightChild = new Node(4);
 
    System.out.println("ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is");
    tree.printZigZagTraversal();
}
}
 
// This Code is contributed by Harikrishnan Rajan.

                    

Python3

# Python Program to print zigzag traversal
# of binary tree
 
# Binary tree node
class Node:
    # Constructor to create a new node
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left = self.right = None
 
 
# function to print zigzag traversal of
# binary tree
def zigzagtraversal(root):
 
    # Base Case
    if root is None:
        return
 
    # Create two stacks to store current
    # and next level
    currentLevel = []
    nextLevel = []
 
    # if ltr is true push nodes from
    # left to right otherwise from
    # right to left
    ltr = True
 
    # append root to currentlevel stack
    currentLevel.append(root)
 
    # Check if stack is empty
    while len(currentLevel) > 0:
        # pop from stack
        temp = currentLevel.pop(-1)
        # print the data
        print(temp.data, " ", end="")
 
        if ltr:
            # if ltr is true push left
            # before right
            if temp.left:
                nextLevel.append(temp.left)
            if temp.right:
                nextLevel.append(temp.right)
        else:
            # else push right before left
            if temp.right:
                nextLevel.append(temp.right)
            if temp.left:
                nextLevel.append(temp.left)
 
        if len(currentLevel) == 0:
            # reverse ltr to push node in
            # opposite order
            ltr = not ltr
            # swapping of stacks
            currentLevel, nextLevel = nextLevel, currentLevel
 
 
# Driver program to check above function
root = Node(1)
root.left = Node(2)
root.right = Node(3)
root.left.left = Node(7)
root.left.right = Node(6)
root.right.left = Node(5)
root.right.right = Node(4)
print("Zigzag Order traversal of binary tree is")
zigzagtraversal(root)
 
# This code is contributed by Shweta Singh

                    

C#

// C# implementation of a O(n) time
// method for Zigzag order traversal
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
// Binary Tree node
public class Node
{
    public int data;
    public Node leftChild;
    public Node rightChild;
    public Node(int data)
    {
        this.data = data;
    }
}
 
class GFG
{
    public Node rootNode;
     
    // function to print the
    // zigzag traversal
    public virtual void printZigZagTraversal()
    {
     
        // if null then return
        if (rootNode == null)
        {
            return;
        }
     
        // declare two stacks
        Stack<Node> currentLevel = new Stack<Node>();
        Stack<Node> nextLevel = new Stack<Node>();
     
        // push the root
        currentLevel.Push(rootNode);
        bool leftToRight = true;
     
        // check if stack is empty
        while (currentLevel.Count > 0)
        {
     
        // pop out of stack
        Node node = currentLevel.Pop();
     
        // print the data in it
        Console.Write(node.data + " ");
     
        // store data according to current
        // order.
        if (leftToRight)
        {
            if (node.leftChild != null)
            {
                nextLevel.Push(node.leftChild);
            }
     
            if (node.rightChild != null)
            {
                nextLevel.Push(node.rightChild);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (node.rightChild != null)
            {
                nextLevel.Push(node.rightChild);
            }
     
            if (node.leftChild != null)
            {
                nextLevel.Push(node.leftChild);
            }
        }
     
        if (currentLevel.Count == 0)
        {
            leftToRight = !leftToRight;
            Stack<Node> temp = currentLevel;
            currentLevel = nextLevel;
            nextLevel = temp;
        }
        }
    }
}
 
public class zigZagTreeTraversal
{
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    GFG tree = new GFG();
    tree.rootNode = new Node(1);
    tree.rootNode.leftChild = new Node(2);
    tree.rootNode.rightChild = new Node(3);
    tree.rootNode.leftChild.leftChild = new Node(7);
    tree.rootNode.leftChild.rightChild = new Node(6);
    tree.rootNode.rightChild.leftChild = new Node(5);
    tree.rootNode.rightChild.rightChild = new Node(4);
 
    Console.WriteLine("ZigZag Order traversal " +
                            "of binary tree is");
    tree.printZigZagTraversal();
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Shrikant13

                    

Javascript

<script>
 
    // JavaScript implementation of a O(n) time
    // method for Zigzag order traversal
     
    class Node
    {
        constructor(data) {
           this.leftChild = null;
           this.rightChild = null;
           this.data = data;
        }
    }
     
    let rootNode;
  
    // function to print the
    // zigzag traversal
    function printZigZagTraversal()
    {
 
        // if null then return
        if (rootNode == null)
        {
            return;
        }
 
        // declare two stacks
        let currentLevel = [];
        let nextLevel = [];
 
        // push the root
        currentLevel.push(rootNode);
        let leftToRight = true;
 
        // check if stack is empty
        while (currentLevel.length > 0)
        {
 
            // pop out of stack
            let node = currentLevel.pop();
 
            // print the data in it
            document.write(node.data + " ");
 
            // store data according to current
            // order.
            if (leftToRight)
            {
                if (node.leftChild != null)
                {
                    nextLevel.push(node.leftChild);
                }
 
                if (node.rightChild != null)
                {
                    nextLevel.push(node.rightChild);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (node.rightChild != null)
                {
                    nextLevel.push(node.rightChild);
                }
 
                if (node.leftChild != null)
                {
                    nextLevel.push(node.leftChild);
                }
            }
 
            if (currentLevel.length == 0) {
                leftToRight = !leftToRight;
                let temp = currentLevel;
                currentLevel = nextLevel;
                nextLevel = temp;
            }
        }
    }
     
    rootNode = new Node(1);
    rootNode.leftChild = new Node(2);
    rootNode.rightChild = new Node(3);
    rootNode.leftChild.leftChild = new Node(7);
    rootNode.leftChild.rightChild = new Node(6);
    rootNode.rightChild.leftChild = new Node(5);
    rootNode.rightChild.rightChild = new Node(4);
  
    document.write("ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is" +
    "</br>");
    printZigZagTraversal();
 
</script>

                    

Output
ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is 
1 3 2 7 6 5 4 

Time Complexity: O(n) 
Space Complexity: O(n)+(n)=O(n)

Recursive Approach: The approach used here is the observable similarity to the level order traversal. Here we need to include an extra parameter to keep a track of printing each level in left-right or right-left way.

Implementation:

C++

//Initial Template for C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node *left;
    Node *right;
 
    Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        left = right = NULL;
    }
};
 
// Function to Build Tree
Node* buildTree(string str)
{  
    // Corner Case
    if(str.length() == 0 || str[0] == 'N')
            return NULL;
     
    // Creating vector of strings from input
    // string after splitting by space
    vector<string> ip;
     
    istringstream iss(str);
    for(string str; iss >> str; )
        ip.push_back(str);
         
    // Create the root of the tree
    Node* root = new Node(stoi(ip[0]));
         
    // Push the root to the queue
    queue<Node*> queue;
    queue.push(root);
         
    // Starting from the second element
    int i = 1;
    while(!queue.empty() && i < ip.size()) {
             
        // Get and remove the front of the queue
        Node* currNode = queue.front();
        queue.pop();
             
        // Get the current node's value from the string
        string currVal = ip[i];
             
        // If the left child is not null
        if(currVal != "N") {
                 
            // Create the left child for the current node
            currNode->left = new Node(stoi(currVal));
                 
            // Push it to the queue
            queue.push(currNode->left);
        }
             
        // For the right child
        i++;
        if(i >= ip.size())
            break;
        currVal = ip[i];
             
        // If the right child is not null
        if(currVal != "N") {
                 
            // Create the right child for the current node
            currNode->right = new Node(stoi(currVal));
                 
            // Push it to the queue
            queue.push(currNode->right);
        }
        i++;
    }
     
    return root;
}
 
// Function to calculate height of tree
int treeHeight(Node *root){
    if(!root) return 0;
    int lHeight = treeHeight(root->left);
    int rHeight = treeHeight(root->right);
    return max(lHeight, rHeight) + 1;
}
 
// Helper Function to store the zig zag order traversal
// of tree in a list recursively
void zigZagTraversalRecursion(Node* root, int height, bool lor, vector<int> &ans){
    // Height = 1 means the tree now has only one node
    if(height <= 1){
        if(root) ans.push_back(root->data);
    }
    // When Height > 1
    else{
        if(lor){
            if(root->left) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root->left, height - 1, lor, ans);
            if(root->right) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root->right, height - 1, lor, ans);
        }
        else{
            if(root->right) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root->right, height - 1, lor, ans);
            if(root->left) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root->left, height - 1, lor, ans);
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to traverse tree in zig zag order
vector <int> zigZagTraversal(Node* root)
{
    vector<int> ans;
    bool leftOrRight = true;
    int height = treeHeight(root);
    for(int i = 1; i <= height; i++){
        zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, i, leftOrRight, ans);
        leftOrRight = !leftOrRight;
    }
    return ans;
}
 
 
int main()
{   
      // Tree:
    //          1
    //        /   \
    //       /     \
    //      /       \
    //     2          3
    //   /   \       /  \
    //  4     5     6     7
    // / \   /  \  / \   /  \
    //8  9  10 11 12 13 14  15
   
    string s = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15";
    Node* root = buildTree(s);
    vector <int> res = zigZagTraversal(root);
      cout<<"ZigZag traversal of binary tree is:"<<endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < res.size (); i++) cout << res[i] << " ";
    cout<<endl;
  return 0;
}
// Code By Angshuman Sengupta

                    

Java

// Java code for the above approach
 
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class Node {
    int data;
    Node left, right;
 
    public Node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        left = null;
        right = null;
    }
}
 
class GFG {
 
    static Node root = null;
 
    // Function to Build Tree
    static Node buildTree(String s)
    {
        // Corner Case
        if (s.length() == 0 || s.charAt(0) == 'N') {
            return null;
        }
 
        // Creating list of strings from input
        // string after spliting by space
        String[] ip = s.split(" ");
 
        // Create the root of the tree
        root = new Node(Integer.parseInt(ip[0]));
        int size = 0;
        Deque<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
 
        // Push the root to the queue
        q.add(root);
        size++;
 
        // Starting from the second element
        int i = 1;
        while (size > 0 && i < ip.length) {
            // Get and remove the front of the queue
            Node currNode = q.peek();
            q.pop();
            size--;
 
            // Get the current node's value from the string
            String currVal = ip[i];
 
            // If the left child is not null
            if (!currVal.equals("N")) {
                // Create the left child for the current
                // node
                currNode.left
                    = new Node(Integer.parseInt(currVal));
 
                // Push it to the queue
                q.add(currNode.left);
                size++;
            }
            // For the right child
            i++;
            if (i >= ip.length) {
                break;
            }
            currVal = ip[i];
 
            // If the right child is not null
            if (!currVal.equals("N")) {
                // Create the right child for the current
                // node
                currNode.right
                    = new Node(Integer.parseInt(currVal));
 
                // Push it to the queue
                q.add(currNode.right);
                size++;
            }
            i++;
        }
        return root;
    }
 
    // Function to calculate height of tree
    static int treeHeight(Node root)
    {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        int lHeight = treeHeight(root.left);
        int rHeight = treeHeight(root.right);
        return Math.max(lHeight, rHeight) + 1;
    }
 
    // Helper function to store the zig zag order traversal
    // of tree in a list recursively
    static void
    zigZagTraversalRecursion(Node root, int height,
                             boolean lor,
                             ArrayList<Integer> ans)
    {
        // Height = 1 means the tree now has only one node
        if (height <= 1) {
            if (root != null)
                ans.add(root.data);
        }
        // When Height > 1
        else {
            if (lor) {
                if (root.left != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(
                        root.left, height - 1, lor, ans);
                if (root.right != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(
                        root.right, height - 1, lor, ans);
            }
            else {
                if (root.right != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(
                        root.right, height - 1, lor, ans);
                if (root.left != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(
                        root.left, height - 1, lor, ans);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Function to traverse tree in zig zag order
    static ArrayList<Integer> zigZagTraversal(Node root)
    {
        ArrayList<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        boolean leftOrRight = true;
        int height = treeHeight(root);
        for (int i = 1; i <= height; i++) {
            zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, i, leftOrRight,
                                     ans);
            leftOrRight = !leftOrRight;
        }
        return ans;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Tree:
        //          1
        //        /   \
        //       /     \
        //      /       \
        //     2          3
        //   /   \       /  \
        //  4     5     6     7
        // / \   /  \  / \   /  \
        // 8  9  10 11 12 13 14  15
        String s = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15";
        Node root = buildTree(s);
        List<Integer> res = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
        System.out.print(
            "ZigZag traversal of binary tree is:");
        for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); i++) {
            System.out.print(res.get(i) + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by lokesh.

                    

Python3

# Python code for recursive approach
from collections import defaultdict
from collections import deque
 
 
class Node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
# Function to Build Tree
def buildTree(s):
    # Corner Case
    if(len(s) == 0 or s[0] == "N"):
        return None
 
    # Creating list of strings from input
    # string after spliting by space
    ip = list(map(str, s.split()))
 
    # Create the root of the tree
    root = Node(int(ip[0]))
    size = 0
    q = deque()
 
    # Push the root to the queue
    q.append(root)
    size = size+1
 
    # Starting from the second element
    i = 1
    while(size > 0 and i < len(ip)):
        # Get and remove the front of the queue
        currNode = q[0]
        q.popleft()
        size = size-1
 
        # Get the current node's value from the string
        currVal = ip[i]
 
        # If the left child is not null
        if(currVal != "N"):
 
            # Create the left child for the current node
            currNode.left = Node(int(currVal))
 
            # Push it to the queue
            q.append(currNode.left)
            size = size+1
        # For the right child
        i = i+1
        if(i >= len(ip)):
            break
        currVal = ip[i]
 
        # If the right child is not null
        if(currVal != "N"):
 
            # Create the right child for the current node
            currNode.right = Node(int(currVal))
 
            # Push it to the queue
            q.append(currNode.right)
            size = size+1
        i = i+1
    return root
 
# Function to calculate height of tree
def treeHeight(root):
    if not root:
        return 0
    lHeight = treeHeight(root.left)
    rHeight = treeHeight(root.right)
    return max(lHeight, rHeight) + 1
   
 
# Helper Function to store the zig zag order traversal
# of tree in a list recursively
def zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, height, lor, ans):
    # Height = 1 means the tree now has only one node
    if height <= 1:
        if root:
            ans.append(root.data)
    # When Height > 1
    else:
        if lor:
            if root.left:
                zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.left, height - 1, lor, ans)
            if root.right:
                zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.right, height - 1, lor, ans)
        else:
            if root.right:
                zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.right, height - 1, lor, ans)
            if root.left:
                zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.left, height - 1, lor, ans)
 
# Function to traverse tree in zig zag order
def zigZagTraversal(root):
    ans = []
    leftOrRight = True
    height = treeHeight(root)
    for i in range(1, height + 1):
        zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, i, leftOrRight, ans)
        leftOrRight = not leftOrRight
    return ans
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
      # Tree:
    #          1
    #        /   \
    #       /     \
    #      /       \
    #     2          3
    #   /   \       /  \
    #  4     5     6     7
    # / \   /  \  / \   /  \
    # 8  9  10 11 12 13 14  15
 
    s = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15"
    root = buildTree(s)
    res = zigZagTraversal(root)
 
    print("ZigZag traversal of binary tree is:")
    for i in range(len(res)):
        print(res[i], end=" ")
    print()
 
# This code is contributed by Tapesh (tapeshdua420)

                    

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
 
    public Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        left = right = null;
    }
}
 
public class Gfg {
    static Node buildTree(string str) {
        if (str.Length == 0 || str[0] == 'N')
            return null;
 
        var ip = new List<string>(str.Split(' '));
     
        // Create the root of the tree
        Node root = new Node(int.Parse(ip[0]));
         
        // Push the root to the queue
        Queue<Node> queue = new Queue<Node>();
        queue.Enqueue(root);
         
        // Starting from the second element
        int i = 1;
 
        while (queue.Count != 0 && i < ip.Count) {
            // Get and remove the front of the queue
            Node currNode = queue.Dequeue();
            // Get the current node's value from the string
            string currVal = ip[i];
             
            // If the left child is not null
            if (currVal != "N") {
                // Create the right child for the current node
                currNode.left = new Node(int.Parse(currVal));
                // Push it to the queue
                queue.Enqueue(currNode.left);
            }
            // For the right child
            i++;
 
            if (i >= ip.Count)
                break;
 
            currVal = ip[i];
            // If the right child is not null
            if (currVal != "N") {
                // Create the right child for the current node
                currNode.right = new Node(int.Parse(currVal));
                // Push it to the queue
                queue.Enqueue(currNode.right);
            }
            i++;
        }
 
        return root;
    }
     
    // Function to calculate height of tree
    static int treeHeight(Node root) {
        if (root == null)
            return 0;
        int lHeight = treeHeight(root.left);
        int rHeight = treeHeight(root.right);
        return Math.Max(lHeight, rHeight) + 1;
    }
     
    // Helper Function to store the zig zag order traversal
    // of tree in a list recursively
    static void zigZagTraversalRecursion(Node root, int height, bool lor, List<int> ans) {
        // Height = 1 means the tree now has only one node
        if (height <= 1) {
            if (root != null)
                ans.Add(root.data);
        }    
        // When Height > 1
        else {
            if (lor) {
                if (root.left != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.left, height - 1, lor, ans);
                if (root.right != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.right, height - 1, lor, ans);
            } else {
                if (root.right != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.right, height - 1, lor, ans);
                if (root.left != null)
                    zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.left, height - 1, lor, ans);
            }
        }
    }
     
    // Function to traverse tree in zig zag order
    static List<int> zigZagTraversal(Node root) {
        List<int> ans = new List<int>();
        bool leftOrRight = true;
        int height = treeHeight(root);
        for (int i = 1; i <= height; i++) {
            zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, i, leftOrRight, ans);
            leftOrRight = !leftOrRight;
        }
        return ans;
    }
 
    static void Main() {
         
            // Tree:
        //          1
        //        /   \
        //       /     \
        //      /       \
        //     2          3
        //   /   \       /  \
        //  4     5     6     7
        // / \   /  \  / \   /  \
        //8  9  10 11 12 13 14  15
        string s = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15";
        Node root = buildTree(s);
        List<int> res = zigZagTraversal(root);
        Console.WriteLine("ZigZag traversal of binary tree is:");
        foreach (int val in res) {
            Console.Write(val + " ");
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}

                    

Javascript

class Node {
    constructor(val) {
        this.data = val;
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
    }
}
 
// Function to Build Tree
function buildTree(str) {
    // Corner Case
    if (str.length === 0 || str[0] === 'N') {
        return null;
    }
 
    // Creating vector of strings from input
    // string after splitting by space
    let ip = str.split(" ");
 
    // Create the root of the tree
    let root = new Node(Number(ip[0]));
 
    // Push the root to the queue
    let queue = [];
    queue.push(root);
 
    // Starting from the second element
    let i = 1;
    while (queue.length > 0 && i < ip.length) {
 
        // Get and remove the front of the queue
        let currNode = queue.shift();
 
        // Get the current node's value from the string
        let currVal = ip[i];
 
        // If the left child is not null
        if (currVal !== "N") {
 
            // Create the left child for the current node
            currNode.left = new Node(Number(currVal));
 
            // Push it to the queue
            queue.push(currNode.left);
        }
 
        // For the right child
        i++;
        if (i >= ip.length) {
            break;
        }
        currVal = ip[i];
 
        // If the right child is not null
        if (currVal !== "N") {
 
            // Create the right child for the current node
            currNode.right = new Node(Number(currVal));
 
            // Push it to the queue
            queue.push(currNode.right);
        }
        i++;
    }
 
    return root;
}
 
// Function to calculate height of tree
function treeHeight(root) {
    if (!root) return 0;
    let lHeight = treeHeight(root.left);
    let rHeight = treeHeight(root.right);
    return Math.max(lHeight, rHeight) + 1;
}
 
// Helper Function to store the zig zag order traversal
// of tree in a list recursively
function zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, height, lor, ans) {
    // Height = 1 means the tree now has only one node
    if (height <= 1) {
        if (root) ans.push(root.data);
    }
    // When Height > 1
    else {
        if (lor) {
            if (root.left) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.left, height - 1,
            lor, ans);
            if (root.right) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.right, height - 1,
            lor, ans);
        } else {
            if (root.right) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.right, height - 1,
            lor, ans);
            if (root.left) zigZagTraversalRecursion(root.left, height - 1,
            lor, ans);
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to traverse tree in zig
// zag order
function zigZagTraversal(root) {
    let ans = [];
    let leftOrRight = true;
    let height = treeHeight(root);
    for (let i = 1; i <= height; i++) {
        zigZagTraversalRecursion(root, i, leftOrRight, ans);
        leftOrRight = !leftOrRight;
    }
    return ans;
}
 
 
// Tree:
//          1
//        /   \
//       /     \
//      /       \
//     2          3
//   /   \       /  \
//  4     5     6     7
// / \   /  \  / \   /  \
//8  9  10 11 12 13 14  15
 
let s = "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15";
let root = buildTree(s);
let res=zigZagTraversal(root);
document.write("ZigZag traversal of binary tree is:");
for(let i=0; i<res.length; i++)
    document.write(res[i]+" ");

                    

Output
ZigZag traversal of binary tree is:
1 3 2 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 

Another Approach: In this approach, use a deque to solve the problem. Push and pop in different ways depending on if the level is odd or level is even.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of a O(n) time method for
// Zigzag order traversal
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Binary Tree node
class Node {
public:
    int data;
    Node *left, *right;
};
 
// Function to print the zigzag traversal
vector<int> zigZagTraversal(Node* root)
{
    deque<Node*> q;
    vector<int> v;
    q.push_back(root);
    v.push_back(root->data);
    Node* temp;
   
    // set initial level as 1, because root is
    // already been taken care of.
    int l = 1;
                
    while (!q.empty()) {
        int n = q.size();
 
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
            // popping mechanism
            if (l % 2 == 0) {
                temp = q.back();
                q.pop_back();
            }
            else {
                temp = q.front();
                q.pop_front();
            }
 
            // pushing mechanism
            if (l % 2 != 0) {
 
                if (temp->right) {
                    q.push_back(temp->right);
                    v.push_back(temp->right->data);
                }
                if (temp->left) {
                    q.push_back(temp->left);
                    v.push_back(temp->left->data);
                }
            }
            else if (l % 2 == 0) {
 
                if (temp->left) {
                    q.push_front(temp->left);
                    v.push_back(temp->left->data);
                }
                if (temp->right) {
                    q.push_front(temp->right);
                    v.push_back(temp->right->data);
                }
            }
        }
        l++; // level plus one
    }
    return v;
}
 
// A utility function to create a new node
struct Node* newNode(int data)
{
    struct Node* node = new struct Node;
    node->data = data;
    node->left = node->right = NULL;
    return (node);
}
 
// Driver program to test
// the above function
int main()
{
   
    // vector to store the traversal order.
    vector<int> v;
   
    // create tree
    struct Node* root = newNode(1);
    root->left = newNode(2);
    root->right = newNode(3);
    root->left->left = newNode(7);
    root->left->right = newNode(6);
    root->right->left = newNode(5);
    root->right->right = newNode(4);
    cout << "ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is \n";
 
    v = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size();
         i++) { // to print the order
        cout << v[i] << " ";
    }
 
    return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by Ritvik Mahajan

                    

Java

// Java implementation of a O(n) time method for
// Zigzag order traversal
import java.util.*;
public class Main
{
    // Class containing left and
    // right child of current
    // node and key value
    static class Node {
         
        public int data;
        public Node left, right;
         
        public Node(int data)
        {
            this.data = data;
            left = right = null;
        }
    }
     
    // A utility function to create a new node
    static Node newNode(int data)
    {
        Node node = new Node(data);
        return node;
    }
 
    // Function to print the zigzag traversal
    static Vector<Integer> zigZagTraversal(Node root)
    {
        Deque<Node> q = new LinkedList<Node>();
        Vector<Integer> v = new Vector<Integer>();
        q.add(root);
        v.add(root.data);
        Node temp;
        
        // set initial level as 1, because root is
        // already been taken care of.
        int l = 1;
                     
        while (q.size() > 0) {
            int n = q.size();
      
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      
                // popping mechanism
                if (l % 2 == 0) {
                    temp = q.peekLast();
                    q.pollLast();
                }
                else {
                    temp = q.peekFirst();
                    q.pollFirst();
                }
      
                // pushing mechanism
                if (l % 2 != 0) {
      
                    if (temp.right != null) {
                        q.add(temp.right);
                        v.add(temp.right.data);
                    }
                    if (temp.left != null) {
                        q.add(temp.left);
                        v.add(temp.left.data);
                    }
                }
                else if (l % 2 == 0) {
      
                    if (temp.left != null) {
                        q.offerFirst(temp.left);
                        v.add(temp.left.data);
                    }
                    if (temp.right != null) {
                        q.offerFirst(temp.right);
                        v.add(temp.right.data);
                    }
                }
            }
            l++; // level plus one
        }
        return v;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
       
        // vector to store the traversal order.
        Vector<Integer> v;
        
        // create tree
        Node root = newNode(1);
        root.left = newNode(2);
        root.right = newNode(3);
        root.left.left = newNode(7);
        root.left.right = newNode(6);
        root.right.left = newNode(5);
        root.right.right = newNode(4);
        System.out.println("ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is");
      
        v = zigZagTraversal(root);
      
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size();
             i++) { // to print the order
            System.out.print(v.get(i) + " ");
        }
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by divyesh072019.

                    

Python3

# Python3 implementation of a O(n) time method for
# Zigzag order traversal
from collections import deque
 
# Binary Tree node
class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
# Function to print the zigzag traversal
def zigZagTraversal(root):
    q = deque([])
    v = []
    q.append(root)
    v.append(root.data)
    
    # set initial level as 1, because root is
    # already been taken care of.
    l = 1
                 
    while len(q) > 0:
        n = len(q)
        for i in range(n):
            # popping mechanism
            if (l % 2 == 0):
                temp = q[-1]
                q.pop()
            else:
                temp = q[0]
                q.popleft()
  
            # pushing mechanism
            if (l % 2 != 0):
                if (temp.right):
                    q.append(temp.right)
                    v.append(temp.right.data)
                if (temp.left):
                    q.append(temp.left)
                    v.append(temp.left.data)
            elif (l % 2 == 0):
                if (temp.left):
                    q.appendleft(temp.left)
                    v.append(temp.left.data)
                if (temp.right):
                    q.appendleft(temp.right)
                    v.append(temp.right.data)
        l+=1 # level plus one
    return v
 
# vector to store the traversal order.
v = []
 
# create tree
root = Node(1)
root.left = Node(2)
root.right = Node(3)
root.left.left = Node(7)
root.left.right = Node(6)
root.right.left = Node(5)
root.right.right = Node(4)
print("ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is")
 
v = zigZagTraversal(root)
 
for i in range(len(v)):
    print(v[i], end = " ")
     
    # This code is contributed by suresh07.

                    

C#

// C# implementation of a O(n) time method for
// Zigzag order traversal
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
// Binary Tree node
public class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node left, right;
 
    public Node(int data) {
        this.data = data;
        left = right = null;
    }
}
 
// Class to store the zigzag traversal
public class ZigZagTraversal {
    public static List<int> zigZagTraversal(Node root) {
        var q = new LinkedList<Node>();
        var v = new List<int>();
        q.AddLast(root);
        v.Add(root.data);
        Node temp;
 
        // set initial level as 1, because root is
        // already been taken care of.
        int l = 1;
 
        while (q.Count > 0) {
            int n = q.Count;
 
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
                // popping mechanism
                if (l % 2 == 0) {
                    temp = q.Last.Value;
                    q.RemoveLast();
                }
                else {
                    temp = q.First.Value;
                    q.RemoveFirst();
                }
 
                // pushing mechanism
                if (l % 2 != 0) {
 
                    if (temp.right != null) {
                        q.AddLast(temp.right);
                        v.Add(temp.right.data);
                    }
                    if (temp.left != null) {
                        q.AddLast(temp.left);
                        v.Add(temp.left.data);
                    }
                }
                else if (l % 2 == 0) {
 
                    if (temp.left != null) {
                        q.AddFirst(temp.left);
                        v.Add(temp.left.data);
                    }
                    if (temp.right != null) {
                        q.AddFirst(temp.right);
                        v.Add(temp.right.data);
                    }
                }
            }
            l++; // level plus one
        }
        return v;
    }
 
    // Driver program to test
    // the above function
    static void Main(string[] args) {
 
        // vector to store the traversal order.
        List<int> v = new List<int>();
 
        // create tree
        Node root = new Node(1);
        root.left = new Node(2);
        root.right = new Node(3);
        root.left.left = new Node(7);
        root.left.right = new Node(6);
        root.right.left = new Node(5);
        root.right.right = new Node(4);
        Console.WriteLine("ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is");
 
        v = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
        for (int i = 0; i < v.Count;
             i++) { // to print the order
            Console.Write(v[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

                    

Javascript

// Javascript program to print zigzag traversal
// binary tree
 
// Binary tree node
class Node{
    constructor(data){
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
        this.data = data;
    }
}
     
let root;
 
// function to print the zigzag traversal
function zigZagTraversal(){
    let deque = [];
    deque.push(root);
    console.log(root.data + " ");
    let temp;
     
    // set initial level as 1, becuase root is
    // already been taken care of.
    let l = 1;
     
    while(deque.length > 0){
        let n = deque.length;
        for(let i = 0; i<n; i++){
             
            // Popping mechanism
            if(l%2 == 0){
                temp = deque.pop();
            }else{
                temp = deque.shift();
            }
             
            // Pushing Mechanism
            if(l%2 != 0){
                if(temp.right != null){
                    deque.push(temp.right);
                    console.log(temp.right.data + " ");
                }
                if(temp.left != null){
                    deque.push(temp.left);
                    console.log(temp.left.data + " ");
                }
            }
            else if(l%2 == 0){
                if(temp.left != null){
                    deque.unshift(temp.left);
                    console.log(temp.left.data + " ");
                }
                if(temp.right != null){
                    deque.unshift(temp.right);
                    console.log(temp.right.data + " ");
                }
            }
        }
        l++; //level plus one
    }
}
 
root = new Node(1);
root.left = new Node(2);
root.right = new Node(3);
root.left.left = new Node(7);
root.left.right = new Node(6);
root.right.left = new Node(5);
root.right.right = new Node(4);
 
console.log("ZigZag Order Traversal of binary tree is : ");
zigZagTraversal();
 
// This code is contributed by Yash Agarwal(yashagarwal2852002)

                    

Output
ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is 
1 3 2 7 6 5 4 

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N) for deque data structure

Another Approach: We can use a queue just like we used in Level Order Traversal. But in this case, we can also maintain a flag variable which keeps track of alternate level to reverse the order of the corresponding level traversal.flag==true implies we have to insert from left to right and flag==false means we have to insert element from right to left our answer arraylist.

Implementation:

C++

// C++ implementation of a O(n) time method for
// Zigzag order traversal
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Binary Tree node
class Node {
public:
    int data;
    Node *left, *right;
};
 
// Function to print the zigzag traversal
vector<int> zigZagTraversal(Node* root) {
    if(root == NULL){return {  } ; }
 
    vector<int > ans ;
    queue<Node*> q ;
    q.push(root) ;
    bool flag = false ;
 
    while(!q.empty()){
        int size = q.size() ;
        vector<int> level ;
        for(int i=0 ; i < size ; i++){
            Node* node = q.front() ;
            q.pop() ;
            level.push_back(node->data) ;
 
            if(node->left != NULL) {q.push(node->left) ;}
            if(node->right != NULL) {q.push(node->right) ;}   
 
        }
        flag = !flag ;  
        if(flag == false){
            reverse(level.begin() , level.end()) ;           
        }
        for(int i = 0 ; i < level.size() ; i++){
          ans.push_back(level[i]) ;
        }
         
    }
    return ans ;
}
 
// A utility function to create a new node
struct Node* newNode(int data)
{
    struct Node* node = new struct Node;
    node->data = data;
    node->left = node->right = NULL;
    return (node);
}
 
// Driver program to test
// the above function
int main()
{
   
    // vector to store the traversal order.
    vector<int> v;
   
    // create tree
    struct Node* root = newNode(1);
    root->left = newNode(2);
    root->right = newNode(3);
    root->left->left = newNode(7);
    root->left->right = newNode(6);
    root->right->left = newNode(5);
    root->right->right = newNode(4);
    cout << "ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is \n";
 
    v = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < v.size();
         i++) { // to print the order
        cout << v[i] << " ";
    }
 
    return 0;
}

                    

Java

// Java implementation of a O(n) time method for
// Zigzag order traversal
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
    // Class containing left and
    // right child of current
    // node and key value
    static class Node {
 
        public int data;
        public Node left, right;
 
        public Node(int data)
        {
            this.data = data;
            left = right = null;
        }
    }
 
    // A utility function to create a new node
    static Node newNode(int data)
    {
        Node node = new Node(data);
        return node;
    }
 
    // Function to print the zigzag traversal
    static ArrayList<Integer> zigZagTraversal(Node root)
    {
 
        ArrayList<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        // if there is no element in the tree,return empty
        // arraylist
        if (root == null)
            return ans;
        Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<Node>();
        q.add(root);
        // this variable helps to check if elements are to
        // be added from left to right or right to left
        boolean leftToRight = true;
        while (q.size() > 0) {
            int size = q.size();
            // this arraylist is used to store element at
            // current level
            ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Node curr = q.poll();
                if (curr.left != null)
                    q.add(curr.left);
                if (curr.right != null)
                    q.add(curr.right);
                temp.add(curr.data);
            }
            if (leftToRight) // at current level,add element
                             // from left to right to our
                             // answer
            {
                // do nothing
            }
            // we have to add element from to right to left
            // and this can be done by reversing our temp
            // arraylist
            else {
                Collections.reverse(temp);
            }
            // add element form temp arraylist to our ans
            // arraylist
            for (int i = 0; i < temp.size(); i++) {
                ans.add(temp.get(i));
            }
            // change the value of leftToRight from true to
            // false or false to true for next iteration.
            leftToRight = !(leftToRight);
        }
        // return our ans arraylist
        return ans;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
 
        // Arraylist to store the traversal order.
        ArrayList<Integer> ans;
 
        // create tree
        Node root = newNode(1);
        root.left = newNode(2);
        root.right = newNode(3);
        root.left.left = newNode(7);
        root.left.right = newNode(6);
        root.right.left = newNode(5);
        root.right.right = newNode(4);
        System.out.println(
            "ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is");
 
        ans = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
        for (int i = 0; i < ans.size();
             i++) { // to print the order
            System.out.print(ans.get(i) + " ");
        }
    }
}
// this is contributed by akshita29320

                    

Python3

# Python Program to print zigzag traversal
# of binary tree
 
# Binary tree node
class Node:
   
    # Constructor to create a new node
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left = self.right = None
 
 
# function to print zigzag traversal of
# binary tree
def zigzagtraversal(root):
 
    # Base Case
    if root is None:
        return
    ans = []  # store the traversal in the ans array
    queue = [root] # use list as queue
    flag = False
    while len(queue) != 0:
 
        n = len(queue)
        level = []
        for i in range(n):
            node = queue[0]
            queue.pop(0)
            level.append(node.data)
            if node.left:
                queue.append(node.left)
            if node.right:
                queue.append(node.right)
        flag = not flag
        if flag == False:
            level = level[::-1]
        for i in range(n):
 
            ans.append(level[i])
 
    return ans
 
 
# Driver program to check above function
root = Node(1)
root.left = Node(2)
root.right = Node(3)
root.left.left = Node(7)
root.left.right = Node(6)
root.right.left = Node(5)
root.right.right = Node(4)
print("Zigzag Order traversal of binary tree is")
 
v = zigzagtraversal(root)
for i in v:
    print(i,end = " ")
#This Code is Contributed By Vivek Maddeshiya

                    

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG {
 
  // Binary Tree node
  public class Node
  {
    public int data;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
    public Node(int data)
    {
      this.data = data;
      this.left=null;
      this.right=null;
    }
  };
 
  // Function to print the zigzag traversal
  static List<int> zigZagTraversal(Node root)
  {
    List<int > ans =new List<int>();
 
    if(root == null)
    {
      return ans ;
    }
 
    Queue<Node> q = new Queue<Node>();
    q.Enqueue(root) ;
    int flag = 0 ;
 
    while(q.Count>0){
      int size = q.Count ;
      List<int> level =new List<int>();
      for(int i=0 ; i < size ; i++){
        Node node = q.Peek() ;
        q.Dequeue() ;
        level.Add(node.data) ;
 
        if(node.left != null)
          q.Enqueue(node.left) ;
        if(node.right != null)
          q.Enqueue(node.right) ;  
 
      }
      flag = 1-flag ;  
      if(flag == 0){
        level.Reverse();
      }
      for(int i = 0 ; i < level.Count ; i++){
        ans.Add(level[i]) ;
      }
 
    }
    return ans ;
  }
 
  // A utility function to create a new node
  /*struct Node* newNode(int data)
    {
        struct Node* node = new struct Node;
        node.data = data;
        node.left = node.right = null;
        return (node);
    }*/
 
  // Driver program to test
  // the above function
  public static void Main()
  {
 
    // vector to store the traversal order.
    List<int> v=new List<int>();
 
    // create tree
    Node root = new Node(1);
    root.left = new Node(2);
    root.right = new Node(3);
    root.left.left = new Node(7);
    root.left.right = new Node(6);
    root.right.left = new Node(5);
    root.right.right = new Node(4);
    Console.Write("ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is \n");
 
    v = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < v.Count; i++) { // to print the order
      Console.Write(v[i] + " ");
    }
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by poojaagarwal2.

                    

Javascript

// JavaScript implementation of a O(n) time method for
// zigzag order traversal
class Node{
    constructor(data){
        this.data = data;
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
    }
}
 
// Function to print zigzag order traversal
function zigZagTraversal(root){
    let ans = [];
    if(root == null) return ans;
     
    let q = [];
    q.push(root);
    let flag = false;
     
    while(q.length != 0){
        let size = q.length;
        let level = [];
        for(let i = 0; i<size; i++){
            let node = q.shift();
            level.push(node.data);
            if(node.left != null) q.push(node.left);
            if(node.right != null) q.push(node.right);
        }
         
        flag = !flag;
        if(flag == false){
            level.reverse();
        }
        for(let i = 0; i<level.length; i++){
            ans.push(level[i]);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver program to test the above function
let root = new Node(1);
root.left = new Node(2);
root.right = new Node(3);
root.left.left = new Node(7);
root.left.right = new Node(6);
root.right.left = new Node(5);
root.right.right = new Node(4);
document.write("ZigZag Order Traversal of binary tree is ");
let v = zigZagTraversal(root);
 
for(let i = 0; i<v.length; i++){
    document.write(v[i] + " ");
}
 
// This code is contributed by Yash Agarwal(yashagarwal2852002)

                    

Output
ZigZag Order traversal of binary tree is 
1 3 2 7 6 5 4 

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N) for queue data structure

Below is a simple implementation of this problem. (video)
Level order traversal in spiral form

Another approach: Depth-First Search(DFS)

The basic idea behind the Depth-First Search (DFS) approach for finding the zigzag level order traversal of a binary tree is to Perform a modified preorder traversal of the binary tree, where we traverse the left subtree recursively, then the right subtree recursively, and store the nodes at each level in a separate list in the result vector.

Follow the steps below to implement the above idea:-

  • Create a function zigzagLevelOrder that takes a pointer to the root node of the binary tree as input and returns a vector of vectors of integers.
  • Inside the zigzagLevelOrder function, create an empty result vector to store the nodes at each level of the binary tree.
  • Perform a modified preorder traversal of the binary tree using DFS. To do this, create a recursive helper function traverse that takes the current node, its level, and the result vector as input. In the helper function, if the level is greater than or equal to the size of the result vector, create a new list for the current level in the result vector and add the current node to that list. Otherwise, simply add the current node to the list for the current level in the result vector. Then recursively call the traverse function on the left subtree and the right subtree of the current node, incrementing the level by 1 for each subtree.
  • Once the traversal is complete, reverse the order of the lists at odd levels in the result vector to get the zigzag order.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:-

C++

#include <iostream>
// C++ code to implement DFS approach
#include <vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
 
// Definition for a binary tree node.
struct TreeNode {
    int val;
    TreeNode* left;
    TreeNode* right;
    TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
};
 
class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> zigzagLevelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<vector<int>> result;
        dfs(root, 0, result); // Perform modified preorder traversal
        for (int i = 1; i < result.size(); i += 2) { // Reverse the order of nodes at odd levels
            reverse(result[i].begin(), result[i].end());
        }
        return result;
    }
 
private:
    void dfs(TreeNode* root, int level, vector<vector<int>>& result) {
        if (!root) return;
        if (level >= result.size()) { // If current level not yet stored, create new level
            result.push_back(vector<int>());
        }
        result[level].push_back(root->val); // Store current node in its level
        dfs(root->left, level + 1, result); // Recursively traverse left subtree
        dfs(root->right, level + 1, result); // Recursively traverse right subtree
    }
};
 
// Driver code
int main() {
        /* Constructed binary tree is
               1
             /   \
            2     3
           / \   / \
          4   5 6   7
    */
     
    TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(1);
    root->left = new TreeNode(2);
    root->right = new TreeNode(3);
    root->left->left = new TreeNode(4);
    root->left->right = new TreeNode(5);
    root->right->left = new TreeNode(6);
    root->right->right = new TreeNode(7);
 
    Solution sol;
    vector<vector<int>> result = sol.zigzagLevelOrder(root);
 
    // Print zigzag level order traversal
    cout<<"zig-zag traversal of binary tree is:"<<endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
       
        for (int j = 0; j < result[i].size(); j++) {
            cout << result[i][j] << " ";
        }
         
    }
cout << endl;
    return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by Veerendra_Singh_Rajpoot

                    

Java

// Java code to implement DFS approach
import java.util.*;
 
// Definition for a binary tree node.
class TreeNode {
    int val;
    TreeNode left;
    TreeNode right;
    TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
}
 
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer> >
    zigzagLevelOrder(TreeNode root)
    {
        List<List<Integer> > result = new ArrayList<>();
        dfs(root, 0,
            result); // Perform modified preorder traversal
        for (int i = 1; i < result.size();
             i += 2) { // Reverse the order of nodes at odd
                       // levels
            Collections.reverse(result.get(i));
        }
        return result;
    }
 
    private void dfs(TreeNode root, int level,
                     List<List<Integer> > result)
    {
        if (root == null)
            return;
        if (level
            >= result.size()) { // If current level not yet
                                // stored, create new level
            result.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
        }
        result.get(level).add(
            root.val); // Store current node in its level
        dfs(root.left, level + 1,
            result); // Recursively traverse left subtree
        dfs(root.right, level + 1,
            result); // Recursively traverse right subtree
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        /* Constructed binary tree is
               1
             /   \
            2     3
           / \   / \
          4   5 6   7
        */
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(1);
        root.left = new TreeNode(2);
        root.right = new TreeNode(3);
        root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
        root.left.right = new TreeNode(5);
        root.right.left = new TreeNode(6);
        root.right.right = new TreeNode(7);
 
        Solution sol = new Solution();
        List<List<Integer> > result
            = sol.zigzagLevelOrder(root);
 
        // Print zigzag level order traversal
        System.out.println(
            "zig-zag traversal of binary tree is:");
        for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < result.get(i).size(); j++) {
                System.out.print(result.get(i).get(j)
                                 + " ");
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}
// This code is contributed by rutikbhosale

                    

Python3

# Python code to implement DFS approach
from typing import List
 
# Definition for a binary tree node.
class TreeNode:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.val = x
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
class Solution:
    def zigzagLevelOrder(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[List[int]]:
        result = []
        self.dfs(root, 0, result) # Perform modified preorder traversal
        for i in range(1, len(result), 2): # Reverse the order of nodes at odd levels
            result[i] = result[i][::-1]
        return result
 
    def dfs(self, root: TreeNode, level: int, result: List[List[int]]) -> None:
        if not root:
            return
        if level >= len(result): # If current level not yet stored, create new level
            result.append([])
        result[level].append(root.val) # Store current node in its level
        self.dfs(root.left, level + 1, result) # Recursively traverse left subtree
        self.dfs(root.right, level + 1, result) # Recursively traverse right subtree
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
        """ Constructed binary tree is
               1
             /   \
            2     3
           / \   / \
          4   5 6   7
        """
        root = TreeNode(1)
        root.left = TreeNode(2)
        root.right = TreeNode(3)
        root.left.left = TreeNode(4)
        root.left.right = TreeNode(5)
        root.right.left = TreeNode(6)
        root.right.right = TreeNode(7)
 
        sol = Solution()
        result = sol.zigzagLevelOrder(root)
 
        # Print zigzag level order traversal
        print("zig-zag traversal of binary tree is:")
        for i in range(len(result)):
            for j in range(len(result[i])):
                print(result[i][j], end=' ')
        print()

                    

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
 
public class TreeNode
{
    public int val;
    public TreeNode left;
    public TreeNode right;
    public TreeNode(int x)
    {
        val = x;
        left = null;
        right = null;
    }
}
 
public class Solution
{
    public List<List<int>> ZigzagLevelOrder(TreeNode root)
    {
        List<List<int>> result = new List<List<int>>();
        DFS(root, 0, result); // Perform modified preorder traversal
        for (int i = 1; i < result.Count; i += 2)
        {
            // Reverse the order of nodes at odd levels
            result[i].Reverse();
        }
        return result;
    }
 
    private void DFS(TreeNode root, int level, List<List<int>> result)
    {
        if (root == null) return;
        if (level >= result.Count)
        {
            // If current level not yet stored, create a new level
            result.Add(new List<int>());
        }
        result[level].Add(root.val); // Store current node in its level
        DFS(root.left, level + 1, result); // Recursively traverse left subtree
        DFS(root.right, level + 1, result); // Recursively traverse right subtree
    }
}
 
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        /* Constructed binary tree is
               1
             /   \
            2     3
           / \   / \
          4   5 6   7
        */
 
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(1);
        root.left = new TreeNode(2);
        root.right = new TreeNode(3);
        root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
        root.left.right = new TreeNode(5);
        root.right.left = new TreeNode(6);
        root.right.right = new TreeNode(7);
 
        Solution sol = new Solution();
        List<List<int>> result = sol.ZigzagLevelOrder(root);
 
        // Print zigzag level order traversal
        Console.WriteLine("Zig-zag traversal of binary tree is:");
        foreach (List<int> level in result)
        {
            foreach (int val in level)
            {
                Console.Write(val + " ");
            }
        }
    }
}

                    

Javascript

class TreeNode {
  constructor(val) {
    this.val = val;
    this.left = null;
    this.right = null;
  }
}
 
class Solution {
  zigzagLevelOrder(root) {
    const result = [];
    this.dfs(root, 0, result); // Perform modified preorder traversal
    for (let i = 1; i < result.length; i += 2) { // Reverse the order of nodes at odd levels
      result[i].reverse();
    }
    return result;
  }
 
  dfs(root, level, result) {
    if (!root) {
      return;
    }
    if (level >= result.length) { // If current level not yet stored, create new level
      result.push([]);
    }
    result[level].push(root.val); // Store current node in its level
    this.dfs(root.left, level + 1, result); // Recursively traverse left subtree
    this.dfs(root.right, level + 1, result); // Recursively traverse right subtree
  }
}
 
// Driver code
const root = new TreeNode(1);
root.left = new TreeNode(2);
root.right = new TreeNode(3);
root.left.left = new TreeNode(4);
root.left.right = new TreeNode(5);
root.right.left = new TreeNode(6);
root.right.right = new TreeNode(7);
 
const sol = new Solution();
const result = sol.zigzagLevelOrder(root);
let temp = "";
// Print zigzag level order traversal
console.log("zig-zag traversal of binary tree is:");
for (let i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
  for (let j = 0; j < result[i].length; j++) {
    temp = temp + result[i][j] + ' ';
  }
}
 console.log(temp);

                    

Output
zig-zag traversal of binary tree is:
1 3 2 4 5 6 7 

Time Complexity: (N) , where n is the number of nodes in the binary tree, 

Auxiliary Space: O(H) , where h is the height of the tree. The space complexity is O(h) because we are storing the nodes at each level in a separate list,

 


Last Updated : 03 Oct, 2023
Like Article
Save Article
Previous
Next
Share your thoughts in the comments
Similar Reads