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Wireless Media Access Issues in Internet of Things

When it comes to communication using a wireless medium there is always a concern about the interference due to other present wireless communication technologies. Wireless means communication and message transfer without the use of physical medium i.e., wires.

Let us understand how communication is done between them. Different Mobile stations(MS) are attached to a transmitter/receiver which communicates via a shared channel by other nodes. In this type of communication, it makes it difficult for the MAC design rather than the wireline networks.

The very important issues which are observed are: Half Duplex operation, Time-varying channel, and Burst channel errors.
These are explained as following below.

1. Half Duplex operation:
Half-duplex transmission means when the sender and receiver both are capable of sharing data but one at a time. In wireless transmission, it is difficult to receive data when the transmitter is sending the data because during transmission a large amount or a large fraction of signal energy is leaked while broadcasting. The magnitude of the transferred signal and received signal differs a lot. Due to which collision detection is even not possible by the sender as the intensity of the transferred signal is large than the received one. Hence this causes the problem of collision and the prime focus should be to minimize the collision

2. Time-varying channel :
Time-varying channels include the three mechanisms for radio signal propagations they are Reflection, Diffraction, and Scattering.

While transmitting the signal by the node these are time shifted and this is called multipath propagation. While when this node signals intensity is dropped below a threshold value, then this is termed as fade. As a result Handshaking strategy is widely used so as a healthy communication can be set up.

3. Burst channel errors :
Burst channel errors are called as a contiguous sequence of symbols, which are received in a communication channel, in which the first and last symbols has an error and there is no evidence of contiguous sub-sequence of corrected received symbols. When time-varying channels are used then signals strengths are introduced due to which errors are observed in transmission. For these channels in wireline networks, the Bit rate is high as 10 -3.

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