VARIANCE() function in MySQL

Sometimes we need to calculate population Standard variance of an expression in MySQL. VARIANCE() function can be used for this purpose in MySQL. It returns NULL if in the given expression no matching rows are found.

Syntax :

VARIANCE(expr);

Parameter : This method accepts only one parameter.

• expr: Input expression from which we want to calculate standard variance.

Returns : It returns the population standard variance.

Example-1 :

Finding  standard variance of sub1mark column from the given StudentMarks table using VARIANCE Function.

Creating a StudentMarks table :

CREATE TABLE StudentMarks
(
StudentId INT AUTO_INCREMENT,  
StudentName VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Roll INT NOT NULL,
Sub1Mark INT NOT NULL,
Sub2Mark INT NOT NULL,
Sub3Mark INT NOT NULL,
TotalMarks INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(StudentId )
);

Inserting data into the Table :

INSERT INTO StudentMarks
(StudentName, Roll, Sub1Mark, Sub2Mark, Sub3Mark,  TotalMarks)
VALUES
('Amit Jana', 10100, 85, 80, 95, 260),
('Labanya Mallick', 11000, 81, 89, 95, 265),
('Virat Sharma', 12000, 75, 83, 90, 248),
('Sayani Samanta', 13000, 95, 90, 99, 284),
('Riyanka Panda', 14000, 70, 87, 88, 245), 
('Ritika Shah', 15000, 78, 89, 90, 257);

To verify used the following command as follows.

SELECT  * from StudentMarks;

Output :

STUDENTID	STUDENTNAME	ROLL	SUB1MARK	SUB2MARK	SUB3MARK	TOTALMARKS
1	Amit Jana	10100	85	80	95	260
2	Labanya Mallick	11000	81	89	95	265
3	Virat Sharma	12000	75	83	90	248
4	Sayani Samanta	13000	95	90	99	284
5	Riyanka Panda	14000	70	87	88	245
6	Ritika Shah	15000	78	89	90	257

Now we are going to find standard variance of sub1mark column. 

SELECT  VARIANCE(Sub1Mark) as Sub1Variance 
FROM StudentMarks;

Output :

SUB1VARIANCE
62.88888888888891

Example-2

Now we are going to find standard variance of total marks column. 

SELECT  VARIANCE(TotalMarks) as VarianceOfTotalMarks 
FROM StudentMarks;

Output :

VARIANCEOFTOTALMARKS
163.13888888888877

Example-3 : In this example we are going to find the population standard variance of Income of Employee who are working in the company ‘ABC Corp.’ To demonstrate create a table named EmloyeeDetails.

CREATE TABLE EmployeeDetails(

Employee_Id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,  
Employee_Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Working_At VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Work_Location  VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Joining_Date DATE NOT NULL,
Annual_Income INT  NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(Employee_Id )
);

Inserting data into the Table :

INSERT INTO  
EmployeeDetails(Employee_Name, Working_At, Work_Location, Joining_Date, Annual_Income )

VALUES
('Amit Khan', 'XYZ Digital', 'Kolkata', '2019-10-06', 350000 ),
('Shreetama Pal', 'ABC Corp.', 'Kolkata', '2018-12-16', 500000 ),
('Aniket Sharma', 'PQR Soln.', 'Delhi', '2020-01-11', 300000 ),
('Maitree Jana', 'XYZ Digital', 'Kolkata', '2019-05-01', 400000 ),
('Priyanka Ojha', 'ABC Corp.', 'Delhi', '2019-02-13', 350000 ),
('Sayani Mitra', 'XYZ Digital', 'Kolkata', '2019-09-15', 320000 ),
('Nitin Dey', 'PQR Soln.', 'Delhi', '2019-10-06', 250000 ),
('Sujata Samanta', 'PQR Soln.', 'Kolkata', '2020-10-06', 350000 ),
('Sudip Majhi', 'ABC Corp.', 'Delhi', '2018-10-30', 600000 ),
('Sanjoy Kohli', 'XYZ Digital', 'Delhi', '2019-04-18', 450000 ) ;

To verify used the following command as follows.

Select * FROM EmployeeDetails;

Output :

EMPLOYEE_ID	EMPLOYEE_NAME	WORKING_AT	WORK_LOCATION	JOINING_DATE	ANNUAL_INCOME
1	Amit Khan	XYZ Digital	Kolkata	2019-10-06	350000
2	Shreetama Pal	ABC Corp.	Kolkata	2018-12-16	500000
3	Aniket Sharma	PQR Soln.	Delhi	2020-01-11	300000
4	Maitree Jana	XYZ Digital	Kolkata	2019-05-01	400000
5	Priyanka Ojha	ABC Corp.	Delhi	2019-02-13	350000
6	Sayani Mitra	XYZ Digital	Kolkata	2019-09-15	320000
7	Nitin Dey	PQR Soln.	Delhi	2019-10-06	250000
8	Sujata Samanta	PQR Soln.	Kolkata	2020-10-06	350000
9	Sudip Majhi	ABC Corp.	Delhi	2018-10-30	600000
10	Sanjoy Kohli	XYZ Digital	Delhi	2019-04-18	450000

Now we are going to find population standard variance of annual Income for those Employee who are working in ‘ABC Corp.’

SELECT  'ABC Corp.' AS 'Company_Name',
VARIANCE(Annual_Income) as VarianceOfAnnualIncome  
FROM EmployeeDetails where WORKING_AT = 'ABC Corp.';

Output :

COMPANY_NAME	VARIANCEOFANNUALINCOME
ABC Corp.	10555555555.555557