unordered_set insert() function in C++ STL

The unordered_set::insert() is a built-in function in C++ STL which is used to insert a new {element} in the unordered_set container. Each element is inserted only if it is not already present in the container (elements in an unordered_set have unique values). The insertion is done automatically at the position according to the container’s criterion (since it uses different hashing functions). This effectively increases the container size by the number of elements inserted.
Syntax:

unordered_set_name.insert (Value)

or,

unordered_set_name.insert (InputIterator first, InputIterator last)

Parameters:

• Value: It specifies the value which is to be inserted in the container.
• first, last: Iterators specifying a range of elements. Copies of the elements in the range [first, last) are inserted in the unordered_set container. Keep in mind that the range includes all the elements between first and last, including the element pointed by first but not the one pointed by last.

Return Value: The function returns a pair, with its member pair::first set to an iterator pointing to either the newly inserted element or to the equivalent element already in the set. The pair::second element in the pair is set to true if a new element was inserted or false if an equivalent element already existed. 
Below are programs that illustrate the above function:
Time Complexity: insert() method takes O(1).

Program 1: 

CPP

#include<iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    unordered_set<string> mySet = { "first", "third" };

    string myString = "tenth";

    // inserts key in set
    mySet.insert(myString);

    cout << "My set contains:"
         << endl;
    for (const string& x : mySet) {
        cout << x
             << " ";
    }

    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

My set contains:
tenth first third 

Program 2: 

CPP

// C++ program to illustrate
// unordered_set::insert()

#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    unordered_set<std::string> mySet = { "first",
                                "third", "second" };
    array<std::string, 2> myArray = { "tenth",
                                      "seventh" };
    string myString = "ninth";

    mySet.insert(myString);

    // array elements range insertion in set
    mySet.insert(myArray.begin(), myArray.end());

    // initializer list insertion
    mySet.insert({ "fourth", "sixth" });

    cout << "myset contains:"
         << endl;
    for (const string& x : mySet) {
        cout << x
             << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output

myset contains:
sixth fourth seventh first tenth second third ninth 

Program 3:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate
// unordered_set::insert() return values
#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

//function to display the elements of the unordered set
void display_elements(unordered_set<int> &u_set)
{
  cout<<"the elements int the unordered set are: ";
  for(auto it:u_set)
  {
    cout<<it <<" ";
  }
  cout<<endl;
}


int main() {

    unordered_set<int> u_set;
      cout<<"u_set.insert(1).second: "<<u_set.insert(1).second<<endl; //on successful insertion it's true else false.
      cout<<"*(u_set.insert(1).first): "<<*(u_set.insert(1).first)<<endl;
      //first is the iterator to the inseted element, if the element not present in the u_set,
    //if the element already in the u_set, then it points to that element

    cout<<"u_set.insert(1).second: "<<u_set.insert(1).second<<endl;
      cout<<"*(u_set.insert(1).first): "<<*(u_set.insert(1).first)<<endl;

    cout<<"u_set.insert(2).second: "<<u_set.insert(2).second<<endl; //on successful insertion it's true else false.
      cout<<"*(u_set.insert(2).first): "<<*(u_set.insert(2).first)<<endl;

      display_elements(u_set);
      return 0;
}

Output

u_set.insert(1).second: 1
*(u_set.insert(1).first): 1
u_set.insert(1).second: 0
*(u_set.insert(1).first): 1
u_set.insert(2).second: 1
*(u_set.insert(2).first): 2
the elements int the unordered set are: 2 1