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Types of Diseases

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This article helps the students to clarify the many competitive exams. such as SSC, Banking or PGT, and TGT exams.  we are discussing the Disease, types, and important facts.  To know more details about the disease which is given below.

Disease

A disease can be explained that a disorder in structure and function, physical change from a normal condition causes discomfort or disability or impairs the health of a living organism. If any organ or any part or tissue of the body is not working properly, it will release some symptoms that will indicate the type of human disease. The disease is a harmful effect on the human body. A disease caused humans to show symptoms and sign inactivate in normal conditions to an abnormal condition

Many Virus. and bacteria that enter our body and cause the disease are termed as an immediate cause. “A disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. “The disease causes a human to degrade mental condition, weakness of health, and cause depression. A diseased person can not think properly and need to take rest properly.

Important Facts About Diseases

The branch of the study of the causes, symptoms, and effects of diseases is called pathology.                        
In this, many special definitional words are used, out of which some important words are listed below.

  1. Idiopathic Diseases- These are diseases whose real causes remain unknown.
  2. Signs of Diseases- Abnormal conditions like fever, pulse, breathing rate, yellowness, etc. are called true signs of diseases.
  3. Symptoms of Disease- The symptoms of diseases are pain, restlessness, tiredness, anxiety, itching, dizziness, weakness, restlessness, etc.
  4. Diagnosis of Diseases- Determination of disease with the help of disease signs, disease symptoms, and para-pathological tests is called diagnosis or treatment. Different types of radiological, magnetic, acoustic, etc. techniques have been invented for the diagnosis of diseases.
  5. Therapy- Its treatment is to eliminate the disease by drugs, surgery, or other methods.
  6. Prophylaxis- Prevention is the prevention of the occurrence of a possible disease with the help of a method, drug, or device.

Division of Disease

Based on disorder disease can be divided into two types 

  • Congenital Disease
  • Acquired Disease

Congenital Disease

A congenital disorder is a disorder that is present during childbirth. Congenital disorders can be inherited by parents to the next generation or caused by environmental factors. &#x201cCongenital diseases are anatomical or physiological abnormalities present since birth.&#x201d congenital diseases can cause lifelong disability or death in human life.

Congenital disease  Types

A congenital disease is a born disorder. Congenital disease can be divided into two types.

  • Genetic or gene disorder
  • Chromosome disorder

a) Genetic or Gene Disorder

A genetic disorder is a disease that occurs due to a change in genes or mutations in the DNA sequence of a person. Genetic disorders transfer from generation to generation. A genetic disorder is the ability to alter the genome sequence. The genome sequence is a complete genome change that is missing a gene. Genetic changes cause many diseases like-Hemophilia, Albinism, Alkaptonuria, Sickle-cell- Anaemia, and Phenylthiocarbamide

(b) Chromosome Disorder

A chromosomal disorder is a disorder disease to any syndrome especially by a Defect that turns out to be faulty in any system of the human body. an abnormal chromosome number or constitution can cause chromosome disorder. chromosome disorder increases or decreases the chromosome constitution number. chromosome number present is 46. chromosome pair is present in the 23. The 22 pair is autosome and one pair of chromosomes to decides the human sex determination. 
Chromosome changes Cause many diseases
 

  • Down&#x2019s Syndromes
  • Turner&#x2019s Syndromes 
  • Klinefelter’s Syndrome
  • Barr Bodies

Acquired Disease

Acquired disease is a disease that is a primary disease that causes begins after birth at some point in one’s lifetime. The acquired disease spreads through contact with others or exposure to viruses or bacteria. The acquired disease can occur at any stage of age like after birth, youth, or old age.

Acquired Disease Types

Based on environment and health acquired disease is two types.
1. Infectious or Communicable
2. Non-infectious or Non-Communicable

1. Infectious Or Communicable

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) that get into the body and cause problems. In these, either pathogenic organisms increase the number of tissues in our body by proliferating. Either rid the body of toxic substances that cause harm. The body’s defense system tries to destroy disease-causing organisms and toxic substances. Infectious diseases are divided into two groups.

  • Contagious
  • Non-Contagious

a) Contagious Infectious Disease

Contagious infectious diseases are directly spread over the human body from one person to another person. Contagious infectious diseases require any physical relationship or physical touch. Contagious infectious diseases spread droplets of infection through the air. Contagious Infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis, Anthrax, and Pneumonia

Contagious Infectious Disease

Contagious Infectious Disease

b) Noncontagious Infectious Disease

Noncontagious infectious diseases are spread from a vector( like a virus, or bacteria) over the human organ. Noncontagious Infection disease is not required to connect to another human person. It is spread through a vector. Noncontagious Infection diseases such as Typhoid, Malaria, Corona

Noncontagious Infectious Disease

Noncontagious Infectious Disease

2. Non-infectious or Non-Communicable

A non-communicable disease is a medical ailment that is not contagious and cannot be passed from one person to another. It is sometimes referred to as a chronic illness. 
Non-communicable diseases such as-Deficiency, Degenerative, Allergy, Cancer

Types of Human Diseases

There are four categories of human diseases:

Bacterial Diseases

Some ailments caused by bacteria are referred to as bacterial diseases. Improved sanitation, vaccines, and antibiotics have reduced bacterial infection fatality rates. However, antibiotic-resistant strains have resurrected several diseases.

Bacterial Infection Symptom

Bacterial Infection Symptom

 Viral Diseases

The virus causes viral diseases. Viral diseases can enter your body through the air, by touching something with viruses on it, through physical contact, and through mosquito or tick bites. The composition of viruses is the genetic material that may be RNA or DNA. This genetic material is enclosed in a coat of protein.

The process used by viruses is very simple. They just multiply and repeat! This means that once a virus enters the body of any host, it just stays there, nutritions itself, and multiplies, generating more of its kind. This process usually damages the infected cells of our body.

It is believed that viruses are always contagious. But that&#x2019s not the case. It&#x2019s not that viruses always spread from one person to the other. They may spread through other means, such as the bite of an infected insect or any other medium.

The best prevention of viral diseases is to practice good personal hygiene. The most effective preventative measure is limiting contact with those who have viral illness symptoms. Besides this, one can wash their hands more often, cover their mouth when they cough or sneeze, etc.

Protozoan Diseases

Protozoan Diseases are also known as Protozoa. Protozoan Disease(Protozoa) is a heterotrophic, unicellular, eukaryotic organism. They are either parasites or free-living. These are divided into six groups and number around 66000 species worldwide. They don&#x2019t have a cell wall, making them vulnerable to infection. Many different organelles perform various tasks carried out by multiple organs in the higher animals, such as the mouth, anus, and intestinal tract.

Helminthic Diseases

Some diseases are transmitted from the soil. Such infections are called helminth infections. Those places where poverty is prevalent are volatile for such infections. With the lack of sanitation, such infections can be transmitted easily. There are some basic symptoms of helminths, such as Vomiting, Abdominal pain. Apart from that, one can experience Weight loss. Reluctance to food is another symptom of helminths.

Tuberculosis

It is a human-dangerous bacterial disease. It is caused by infection of the lungs by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. About three months after the infection, the patient becomes a victim of cough, chest pain, and high fever. Cough also comes with brown mucus. The bacteria present in it also infected and affect other people. It is called a communicable disease. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria and deposits of calcium salts and fibers in the lungs causing tubercles to form.

Types-of-Diseases-5

Tuberculosis

Corona

Coronaviruses are an RNA group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. The first known infections from SARS-CoV-2 were discovered in Wuhan, China.  Signs and symptoms include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and sometimes death.

Corona Virus

Coronavirus

Table-1 Micro-organism and the Disease caused by the Micro-organism

Infections causing Micro-organism

Disease

Bacteria Tuberculosis, typhoid, diarrhea, cholera
Virus Polio, AIDS, chickenpox
Protozoa Malaria, amoebiasis, Kala-azar, sleeping-sickness
Fungi Food poisoning, skin diseases

Communicable

Non-Communicable

They are infectious diseases This disease does not spread from one to another person
They are non Infectious diseases The disease quickly developed from one person to another
This disease spread from one person to another person The disease evolved over time in humans

Table 2 Difference Between Communicable and Non-communicable

  1. Non-Communicable  Disease-They is also called noninfectious diseases.
  2. Degenerative Disease-a disease in the function or structure of affected tissues or organs deteriorates over time.
  3. Allergy-This type of disease is caused to infection by eating anything or due to lime.

Preventing ourselves from various diseases

Healthy Habits Can Help You Protect Yourself

  • Stay cautious when handling and preparing food. Food can contain germs.
  • Wash your hands frequently.
  • Clean and sanitize the most often-used surfaces.
  • Cough and sneeze into your sleeve or a tissue.
  • Do Not Share Personal Items. 
  • Get Vaccinated.
  • Prevent Touching Wild Animals.
  • Stay at Home When Sick.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q 1. What is the initial stage of the disease?

Answer-

A first-level cause is an organism that enters our bodies and causes disease. It is also known as the disease’s primary or immediate cause. For example, viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. Pathogens are the primary cause of infectious diseases.

Q 2. What’s the distinction between disease and illness?

Answer-

The clinical manifestation, deviation from a biological norm, is then defined as a disease. Illness is the patient’s feeling of being ill, even when no disease is found.

Q 3. When did human disease first appear?

Answer-

Virus-caused epidemics began around 12,000 years ago when human behavior changed and humans created more highly populated agricultural communities. This allowed viruses to spread quickly and eventually become endemic.

Q 4. How does the disease spread so easily?

Answer-

Infectious diseases are commonly transmitted from person to person through the direct exchange of bacteria, viruses, or other germs. This can happen when an infected person touches, kisses, coughs, or sneezes on an individual who isn’t infected.



Last Updated : 16 Aug, 2023
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