Tridiagonal matrix in python

A tridiagonal matrix is a matrix that has non-zero elements only at the main diagonal, diagonal below and above it. All other elements are zero. For this reason tridiagonal matrices of dimension smaller than or equal to 3 seem meaningless.

Example 1:

[a11,  a22,  0  ,  0  ,  0  ,  0  ]   

[a21,  a22,  a23,  0  ,  0  ,  0  ]

[0  ,  a32,  a33,  a34,  0  ,  0  ]

[0  ,  0  ,  a43,  a44,  a55,  0  ]

[0  ,  0  ,  0  ,  a54,  a55,  a56]

[0  ,  0  ,  0  ,  0  ,  a65,  a66]

Example 2:

[1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0]   

[1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0]

[0,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0]

[0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  0]

[0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1]

[0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1]

Approach 

• Take the size of the matrix as input
• Check if greater than 3
  • if not, exit
  • if yes, proceed further
• Take elements of the matrix as input
• Now put zero everywhere except at main diagonal and diagonals below and above the main diagonal.

Program:

Python3

# if you enter number n it will automatically
# be considered as a square matrix of size n by n
size_of_a_matrix = int(input("Enter size the matrix that you want : "))

if size_of_a_matrix <= 3:

    # since size should be greater than 3
    print("Please enter the size that is greater than 3")
    exit()

diagonal = []
numbers1 = [[0 for j in range(0, size_of_a_matrix)]
            for i in range(0, size_of_a_matrix)]

# created a loop to enter numbers
for a in range(size_of_a_matrix):
    numbers1 = int(input(f"Enter the numbers for the main diagonal for position[{a}][{a}] : "))

    # appending the values to the list
    diagonal.append(numbers1)

diagonalAbove = []
print("*********")

# created a loop to enter numbers
for k in range(size_of_a_matrix-1):
    numbers2 = int(input(f"Enter the numbers for diagonal above the main diagonal for position[{k}][{k+1}]: "))

    # appending the values to the list
    diagonalAbove.append(numbers2)

diagonalBelow = []
print("*********")

# created a loop to enter numbers
for z in range(size_of_a_matrix-1):
    numbers3 = int(input(f"Enter the numbers for diagonal below the main diagonal for position[{z+1}][{z}]: "))

    # appending the values to the list
    diagonalBelow.append(numbers3)
print("*********")


def tridiagonal(size_of_a_matrix, diagonal, diagonalAbove, diagonalBelow):

    matrix = [[0 for j in range(size_of_a_matrix)]
              for i in range(size_of_a_matrix)]

    for k in range(size_of_a_matrix-1):
        matrix[k][k] = diagonal[k]
        matrix[k][k+1] = diagonalAbove[k]
        matrix[k+1][k] = diagonalBelow[k]

    matrix[size_of_a_matrix-1][size_of_a_matrix - 1] = diagonal[size_of_a_matrix-1]

    # so that the values will print row by row
    for row in matrix:
        print(row)

    return "this is the tridiagonal matrix"

# printing final values
print(tridiagonal(size_of_a_matrix, diagonal, diagonalAbove, diagonalBelow))

Output:

output of our program