The knowledge of matrices is necessary for various branches of mathematics. Matrices are one of the most powerful tools in mathematics. Now see one of the features of the matrix in this article.
Transpose of a matrix
This one of the main properties of the matrix. The meaning of transpose is to exchange places of two or more things. In the case of the matrix, transpose meaning changes the index of the elements. In this case, we swap the row-element with the column-element or vise versa.
Let, A is a matrix of size m × n and At is the transpose of matrix A,
where [a(ij)] of A = [a(ji)] of At, here 1 ≤ i ≤ m and 1 ≤ j ≤ n
Example:
Let, the size of matrix A is 2 × 3,
Therefore,
Transpose of A or
After transpose it becomes 3 × 2
Properties of Transpose
Transpose of Product of Matrices
This property says that, (AB)t = BtAt
Proof
Here A and B are two matrices of size m × n and n × p respectively
and At and Bt are their transpose form of size n × m and p × n respectively (from the product rule of matrices).
It implies, if A = [a(ij)], and At = [c(ji)]
Then, [c(ji)] = [a(ij)]
and,
If B = [b(jk)], and Bt = [d(kj)]
Then, [d(kj)] = [b(jk)]
Now, from the product rule of matrices we can write,
AB is m × p matrix and (AB)t is p × m matrix.
Also, Bt is a p × n matrix and At is a n × m matrix.
This implies that,
(Bt)(At) is a p × m matrix.
Therefore,
(AB)t and (Bt)(At) are both p × m matrices.
Now we can write,
(k, i)th element of (AB)t = (i, k)th element of AB
(k, i)th element of (Bt)(At)
Therefore,
the elements of (AB)t and (Bt)(At) are equal.
Therefore,
(AB)t = (Bt)(At)
Example:
Let,
and
So prove that for these matrices, (AB)t = (Bt)(At)
Solution:
Here A and B are 2 × 3 and 3 × 2 matrices respectively. So, by product rule of a matrix, we can find their product
and the final matrices would be of 2 × 2 matrix.Find L.H.S –
Now,
So, Transpose of AB or
Find R.H.S –
and
So,
Therefore,
(AB)t = Bt.At
Transpose of Addition of Matrices
This property says that (A + B)t = At + Bt
Prove:
Here A and B are two matrices of size m × n
Let, A = [a(ij)] and B = [b(ij)] of size m × n.
So, (A + B) is also an m × n matrix
Also, At and Bt are n × m matrices.
So that, the Transpose of (A + B) or (A + B)t is an n × m matrix.
Now we can say, At + Bt is also an n × m matrix.
Now, from the transpose rule,
(j, i)th element of (A + B)t = (i, j)th element of (A + B)= (i, j)th element of A + (i, j)th element of B
= (j, i)th element of At + (j, i)th element of Bt
= (j, i)th element of(At + Bt)Therefore,
(A + B)t = At + Bt
Example:
Let,
and
Prove that for these matrices, (A + B)t = At + Bt
Solution:
Find L.H.S,
So,
Find R.H.S
and,
Now,
Therefore,
(A + B)t = At + Bt
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