Transformer Formula with Examples
A transformer is a device that converts energy from one circuit to another. Electromagnetic induction is responsible for this. It’s referred to as a high-efficiency voltage converter since it can convert high voltage to low voltage and vice versa. A good-condition transformer is made up of two windings: primary and secondary windings. Step up and step down transformers are the two types of transformers.
Transformer Formula
A transformer is an electrical device that allows us to sustain power when the voltage in an alternating current electrical circuit is increased or decreased. The power entering the equipment is equal to the power received at the output in the event of a perfect transformer. Real-world machinery has a modest rate of losses. It is a device that converts the alternating electrical energy of one voltage level into alternating electrical energy of another voltage level, based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
The voltage is multiplied by the current intensity to compute the power of an electric circuit. In the case of a transformer, the value of the power in the primary is the same as the power in the secondary.
Vp × Ip = Vs × Is
The transformer output voltage may be calculated using the input voltage and the number of turns on the main and secondary coils.
Vp / Vs = Np / Ns
Where,
Vp = Primary voltage
Vs= Secondary voltage
Np = number of turns in the primary
Ns = number of turns in the secondary
Is= Input current on the secondary coil.
Ip= Input current on the primary coil.
Sample Problems
Problem 1: The number of primary and secondary windings is 80 and 120 respectively. The secondary voltage is given by 240V, determine the primary voltage.
Solution
Np = 80
Ns = 120
Vs = 240V
The transformer formula is given by,
Vp / Vs = Np / Ns
Vp = Np / Ns × Vs
= 80 / 120 x 240
Vp = 160 V
Problem 2: The number of primary and secondary windings is 60 and 100 respectively. The secondary voltage is given by 250V, determine the primary voltage.
Solution
Np = 60
Ns = 100
Vs = 250V
The transformer formula is given by,
Vp / Vs = Np / Ns
Vp = Np / Ns × Vs
= 60 / 100 x 250
Vp = 150 V
Problem 3: The number of primary and secondary windings is 100 and 350 respectively. The primary voltage is given by 200V, determine the secondary voltage.
Solution
Np = 100
Ns = 350
Vp = 200V
The transformer formula is given by,
Vp / Vs = Np / Ns
Vs = Vp × Ns / Np
Vs = 200 × 350 / 100
Vs = 700V
Problem 4: The number of primary and secondary windings is 90 and 120 respectively. The secondary voltage is given by 310V, which determines the primary voltage.
Solution
Np = 90
Ns= 120
Vs = 310V
By using the transformer calculation formula we get,
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Vp = Np/Ns × VS
Vp = 90/120 x 310
Vp = 232.5 V
Problem 5: The number of primary and secondary windings is 110 and 240 respectively. The primary voltage is given by 300V, which determines the secondary voltage.
Solution
Np = 110
Ns = 240
Vp = 300V
The Transformer Formula is Given By,
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Vs = Ns/Np × Vp
Vs = 240/110 × 300
Vs = 654.5 V
Problem 6: The number of primary and secondary windings is 70 and 140 respectively. The secondary voltage is given by 300V, which determines the primary voltage.
Solution
Np = 90
Ns = 120
Vs = 310V
By using the transformer calculation formula we get,
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
Vp = Np/Ns × VS
Vp = 70/140 × 300
Vp = 150 V
Last Updated :
01 Feb, 2022
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