Trabb Pardo–Knuth Algorithm

This article is not about learning some new complex algorithm, its more about the history of programming. TPK was introduced to illustrate the evolution of computer programming languages. By the time you are finished with this article you will have learnt something about the history of programming rather than a new concept. In their 1977 work “The Early Development of Programming Languages”, Trabb Pardo and Knuth introduced a small program that involved arrays, indexing, mathematical functions, subroutines, I/O, conditionals and iteration. This program was written in several early programming language to show the evolution of programming languages. Just like the “Hello World!” program has the purpose of introducing beginners to programming the TPK has the same purpose and has no practical applications.

Algorithm:
input 11 numbers into a sequence A
reverse sequence A
for each item in sequence A
    call a function to do an operation
    if result overflows
        alert user
    else
        print result

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
// f(x) = sqrt(|x|) + 5*x**3
double f(double x)
{
    return (sqrt(fabs(x)) + 5.0 * pow(x, 3.0));
}

int main()
{
    double y;
    int i;

    // Read in the values of the array A
    double A[11] = {7.9, 7.3, 20.9, 112.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.9, 9.0, 21.7, 31.2, 4.1};

    // In reverse order, apply "f"
    // to each element of A and print
    for (i=10; i>=0; i--)
    {
        y = f(A[i]);
        if (y > 400.0)
        {
            cout<<i<<" TOO LARGE\n";
        }
        else
        {
            cout<<i<<" " <<y<<"\n";
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by shiv1o43g

C

// C program to implement TPK algorithm
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

// f(x) = sqrt(|x|) + 5*x**3
double f (double x)
{
    return (sqrt(fabs(x)) + 5.0 * pow(x, 3.0));
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
    double y;
    int i;

    // Read in the values of the array A
    double A[11] = {7.9, 7.3, 20.9, 112.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.9, 9.0, 21.7, 31.2, 4.1};

    // In reverse order, apply "f"
    // to each element of A and print
    for (i=10; i>=0; i--)
    {
        y = f (A[i]);
        if (y > 400.0)
        {
            printf ("%d TOO LARGE\n", i);
        }
        else
        {
            printf ("%d %f\n", i, y);
        }
    }
    return (0);
}

Java

// Java program to implement TPK algorithm
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class TPKA {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        double[] input = {7.9, 7.3, 20.9, 112.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.9, 9.0, 21.7, 31.2, 4.1};

        for(int j = 10; j >= 0; j--) {
            double y = f(input[j]);
            if( y < 400.0) {
                System.out.printf("%d %.2f\n", j, y);
            } else {
                System.out.printf("%d %s\n", j, "TOO LARGE");
            }
        }
    }

    private static double f(double x) {
        return Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 0.5) + (5*(Math.pow(x, 3)));
    }
}

Python

# Python program to implement TPK algorithm
def f(x):
    return abs(x) ** 0.5 + 5 * x**3

def main():
    s = [7.9, 7.3, 20.9, 112.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.9, 9.0, 21.7, 31.2, 4.1]
    s.reverse()
    i = 10
    for x in s:
        result = f(x)
        if result > 400:
            print('%d %s' % (i, "TOO LARGE"))
            i = i-1
        else:
            print('%d %f' % (i, result))
            i = i-1
    print('')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

C#

// C# program to implement TPK algorithm
using System;

public class TPKAlgorithm {
    public static double F(double x) {
        return Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(x)) + 5 * Math.Pow(x, 3);
    }

    public static void Main() {
        double[] s = { 7.9, 7.3, 20.9, 112.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.9, 9.0, 21.7, 31.2, 4.1 };
        Array.Reverse(s);
        int i = 10;
        foreach (double x in s) {
            double result = F(x);
            if (result > 400) {
                Console.WriteLine($"{i} TOO LARGE");
                i--;
            }
            else {
                Console.WriteLine($"{i} {result:F6}");
                i--;
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}
// This code is contributed by shivregkec

Javascript

function f(x) {
  return Math.pow(Math.abs(x), 0.5) + (5*(Math.pow(x, 3)));
}

const input = [7.9, 7.3, 20.9, 112.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.9, 9.0, 21.7, 31.2, 4.1];

for(let j = 10; j >= 0; j--) {
  let y = f(input[j]);
  if(y < 400.0) {
    console.log(`${j} ${y.toFixed(2)}`);
  } else {
    console.log(`${j} TOO LARGE`);
  }
}
// This code is contributed by shivhack999

Output

10 346.63
9 TOO LARGE
8 TOO LARGE
7 TOO LARGE
6 123.648
5 136.732
4 TOO LARGE
3 TOO LARGE
2 TOO LARGE
1 TOO LARGE
0 TOO LARGE

References: http://cs.fit.edu/~ryan/compare/tpk-c.html This article is contributed by Palash Nigam . If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using write.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to review-team@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.