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Time and Space Complexity Analysis of Queue operations

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What is Queue?

Queue is a linear data structure that follows FIFO approach (First In First Out). One can imagine a queue as a line of people waiting in sequential order which starts from the beginning of the line. It is an ordered list in which insertions are done at one end which is known as the rear and deletions are done from the other end known as the front. A good example of a queue is any queue of consumers for a resource where the consumer that came first is served first. A queue can be implemented using Arrays or Linked Lists.

Complexity analysis of different Queue operations:

1) enqueue(): 

This operation inserts an element at the back of the queue. It takes one parameter, the value that is to be inserted at the back of the queue.

Below is the implementation of enqueue() using Array:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class Queue {
public:
    int queue[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        if (front == -1) {
            front++;
        }
 
        if (rear == capacity - 1) {
            cout << "Queue overflow!!!\n";
            return;
        }
 
        queue[++rear] = val;
        cout << val << " inserted successfully\n";
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    // Inserting elements in the queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java code to perform enqueue using array
 
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
  static final int capacity = 10;
  static class Queue {
    int queue[] = new int[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    void Queue()
    {
      front = -1;
      rear = -1;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
      if(front==-1)
      {
        front++;
      }
 
      if(rear==capacity-1)
      {
        System.out.println("Queue overflow!!!");
        return;
      }
 
      queue[++rear] = val;
      System.out.println(val + " inserted successfully");
    }
 
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    Queue q = new Queue();
 
    //Inserting elements in queue
    //using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityapatil12


Python




# Python code for inserting elements in queue
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.queue = [None] * 10
        self.front = -1
        self.rear = -1
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        if self.front == -1:
            self.front += 1
 
        if self.rear == 9:
            print("Queue overflow!!!")
            return
 
        self.queue[self.rear] = val
        self.rear += 1
        print("{} inserted successfully".format(val))
 
 
q = Queue()
 
# Inserting elements in the queue
# using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1)
q.enqueue(2)
 
# This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


C#




// Include namespace system
using System;
 
public class GFG
{
  public const int capacity = 10;
  class Queue
  {
    public int[] queue = new int[GFG.capacity];
    public int front;
    public int rear;
 
    public void enqueue(int val)
    {
      if (this.front == -1)
      {
        this.front++;
      }
      if (this.rear == GFG.capacity - 1)
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue overflow!!!");
        return;
      }
      this.queue[++this.rear] = val;
      Console.WriteLine(val.ToString() + " inserted successfully");
    }
  }
  public static void Main(String[] args)
  {
    var q = new Queue();
 
    // Inserting elements in queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by aadityaburujwale.


Javascript




// JS code for above operation
 
class Queue {
 
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity=10
    }
 
    enqueue(val) {
        if (this.front == -1) {
            this.front++;
        }
 
        if (this.rear == this.capacity-1) {
 
            console.log("Queue overflow!!!");
 
        }
 
        this.queue[++(this.rear)] = val;
        console.log(val, " inserted successfully");
    }
};
 
let q = new Queue();
 
// Inserting elements in the queue
// using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1);
q.enqueue(2);
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

1 inserted successfully
2 inserted successfully


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1), In enqueue function a single element is inserted at the last position. This takes a single memory allocation operation which is done in constant time.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). As no extra space is being used.

Below is the implementation of enqueue() using Linked List :

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class node {
public:
    int data;
    node* next;
 
    node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = NULL;
    }
};
class Queue {
public:
    node* front;
    node* rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = rear = NULL;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == NULL) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new node(val);
            rear->next = NULL;
            rear->data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            node* temp = new node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear->next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
        cout << val << " inserted successfully \n";
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    // Inserting elements in the queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java code for above approach
 
class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node next;
 
    public Node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
 
    public Queue() { front = rear = null; }
 
    public void enqueue(int val)
    {
        // If queue is empty
        if (rear == null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new Node(val);
            rear.next = null;
            rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            Node temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
        System.out.println(val + " inserted successfully");
    }
}
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements in the queue
        // using enqueue operation
        q.enqueue(1);
        q.enqueue(2);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Python




# Python program for above approach
class node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.next = None
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
       
      # If queue is empty
        self.front = self.rear = None
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        if self.rear == None:
           
          # Create a new node as rear
            self.rear = node(val)
            self.rear.next = None
            self.rear.data = val
 
            # Front will be rear as only
            # one element exist in queue
            self.front = self.rear
        else:
           
          # Create temp node of val value
            temp = node(val)
             
            # Add temp after the rear of queue
            self.rear.next = temp
             
            # Update temp as the end element
            self.rear = temp
 
        print(val, "inserted successfully")
 
q = Queue()
 
# Inserting elements in the queue
# using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1)
q.enqueue(2)
 
# This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


C#




using System;
 
class Node {
  public int data;
  public Node next;
 
  public Node(int val)
  {
    data = val;
    next = null;
  }
}
 
class Queue {
  public Node front;
  public Node rear;
 
  public Queue() { front = rear = null; }
 
  public void enqueue(int val)
  {
     
    // If queue is empty
    if (rear == null)
    {
       
      // Create a new node as rear
      rear = new Node(val);
      rear.next = null;
      rear.data = val;
 
      // Front will be rear as only
      // one element exist in queue
      front = rear;
    }
    else
    {
       
      // Create temp node of val value
      Node temp = new Node(val);
 
      // Add temp after the rear of queue
      rear.next = temp;
 
      // Update temp as the end element
      rear = temp;
    }
    Console.WriteLine(val + " inserted successfully");
  }
}
 
class MainClass {
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Queue q = new Queue();
 
    // Inserting elements in the queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by aadityamaharshi21.


Javascript




// Javascript code for inserting elements in a Queue using Linked List
 
class node {
    constructor(val) {
        this.data = val;
        this.next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.front = this.rear = null;
    }
 
    enqueue(val) {
        // if queue is empty
        if (this.rear === null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            this.rear = new node(val);
            this.rear.next = null;
            this.rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            this.front = this.rear;
        } else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            let temp = new node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            this.rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            this.rear = temp;
        }
        console.log(`${val} inserted successfully`);
    }
}
 
let q = new Queue();
 
// Inserting elements in the queue
// using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1);
q.enqueue(2);
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

1 inserted successfully 
2 inserted successfully 


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1). Only a new node is created and the pointer of the last node is updated. This includes only memory allocation operations. Hence it can be said that insertion is done in constant time.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is used.

2) dequeue(): 

This operation removes an element present at the front of the queue. Also, it results in an error if the queue is empty.

Below is the implementation of dequeue() using Array :

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class Queue {
public:
    int queue[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        if (front == -1) {
            front++;
        }
 
        if (rear == capacity - 1) {
            cout << "Queue overflow!!!\n";
            return;
        }
 
        queue[++rear] = val;
    }
    void dequeue()
    {
        if (front == -1 || front > rear) {
            cout << "Queue is empty!!!\n";
            return;
        }
 
        cout << "Element deleted from queue : " << queue[front++] << "\n";
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    // Inserting elements in the queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
 
    // Deleting elements from the queue
    // using dequeue operation
    q.dequeue();
 
    return 0;
}


Java




import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
  static final int capacity = 10;
  static class Queue {
    int queue[] = new int[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    void Queue()
    {
      front = -1;
      rear = -1;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
      if (front == -1) {
        front++;
      }
 
      if (rear == capacity - 1) {
        System.out.println("Queue overflow!!!");
        return;
      }
 
      queue[++rear] = val;
    }
    void dequeue()
    {
      if (front == -1 || front > rear) {
        System.out.println("Queue is empty!!!");
      }
      System.out.println(
        "Element deleted from queue : "
        + queue[front + 1]);
    }
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    Queue q = new Queue();
 
    // Inserting elements in the queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
 
    // Deleting elements from the queue
    // using dequeue operation
    q.dequeue();
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Python




# Python code for element deletion from queue
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.queue = [None] * 10
        self.front = -1
        self.rear = -1
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        if self.front == -1:
            self.front += 1
 
        if self.rear == len(self.queue) - 1:
            print("Queue overflow!!!")
            return
 
        self.queue[self.rear + 1] = val
        self.rear += 1
 
    def dequeue(self):
        if self.front == -1 or self.front > self.rear:
            print("Queue is empty!!!")
            return
 
        print("Element deleted from queue:", self.queue[self.front])
        self.front += 1
 
 
q = Queue()
 
# Inserting elements in the queue
# using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1)
q.enqueue(2)
 
# Deleting elements from the queue
# using dequeue operation
q.dequeue()
 
# This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


C#




// Include namespace system
using System;
 
public class GFG {
    public const int capacity = 10;
    class Queue {
        public int[] queue = new int[GFG.capacity];
        public int front;
        public int rear;
 
        public void enqueue(int val)
        {
            if (this.front == -1) {
                this.front++;
            }
            if (this.rear == GFG.capacity - 1) {
                Console.WriteLine("Queue overflow!!!");
                return;
            }
            this.queue[++this.rear] = val;
        }
        public void dequeue()
        {
            if (this.front == -1
                || this.front > this.rear) {
                Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!!!");
            }
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Element deleted from queue : "
                + this.queue[this.front + 1]);
        }
    }
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        var q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements in queue
        // using enqueue operation
        q.enqueue(1);
        q.enqueue(2);
 
        // Deleting elements in queue
        // using dequeue operation
        q.dequeue();
    }
}


Javascript




class Queue {
 
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity = 10;
    }
 
    enqueue(val) {
        if (this.front == -1) {
            this.front++;
        }
 
        if (this.rear == (this.capacity)-1) {
 
            console.log("Queue overflow!!!");
 
        }
 
        this.queue[++(this.rear)] = val;
    }
    dequeue() {
        if (this.front == -1 || this.front > this.rear) {
            console.log("Queue is empty!!!");
        }
 
        console.log("Element deleted from queue : ", this.queue[(this.front)++]);
    }
};
 
let q = new Queue();
 
// Inserting elements in the queue
// using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1);
q.enqueue(2);
 
// Deleting elements from the queue
// using dequeue operation
q.dequeue();
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharsh21


Output

Element deleted from queue : 1


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1). In array implementation, only an arithmetic operation is performed i.e., the front pointer is incremented by 1. This is a constant time function.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is utilized for deleting an element from the queue.

Below is the implementation of dequeue using Linked List :

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class node {
public:
    int data;
    node* next;
 
    node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = NULL;
    }
};
class Queue {
public:
    node* front;
    node* rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = rear = NULL;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == NULL) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new node(val);
            rear->next = NULL;
            rear->data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            node* temp = new node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear->next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    void dequeue()
    {
        // point temp to front of queue
        node* temp = front;
        // if queue is empty
        if (front == NULL) {
            cout << "Underflow" << endl;
            return;
        }
        else if (temp->next != NULL) {
            temp = temp->next;
            cout << "Element deleted from queue is : " << front->data << endl;
            free(front);
            front = temp;
        }
        // if queue consist of only one element
        else {
            cout << "Element deleted from queue is : " << front->data << endl;
            free(front);
            front = NULL;
            rear = NULL;
        }
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    // Inserting elements using
    // enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(5);
    q.enqueue(7);
 
    // Removing elements from queue
    // using dequeue operation
    q.dequeue();
 
    return 0;
}


Java




import java.util.Scanner;
 
class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node next;
 
    public Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
 
    public Queue() {
        front = rear = null;
    }
 
    public void enqueue(int val) {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new Node(val);
            rear.next = null;
            rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            Node temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    public void dequeue() {
        // point temp to front of queue
        Node temp = front;
        // if queue is empty
        if (front == null) {
            System.out.println("Underflow");
            return;
        }
        else if (temp.next != null) {
            temp = temp.next;
            System.out.println("Element deleted from queue is: " + front.data);
            front = temp;
        }
        // if queue consist of only one element
        else {
            System.out.println("Element deleted from queue is: " + front.data);
            front = null;
            rear = null;
        }
    }
}
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements using
        // enqueue operation
        q.enqueue(5);
        q.enqueue(7);
 
        // Removing elements from queue
        // using dequeue operation
        q.dequeue();
    }
}


Python




class node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.next = None
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.front = self.rear = None
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
       
        # if queue is empty
        if self.rear == None:
           
            # Create a new node as rear
            self.rear = node(val)
            self.rear.next = None
            self.rear.data = val
 
            # Front will be rear as only
            # one element exist in queue
            self.front = self.rear
 
        else:
            # Create temp node of val value
            temp = node(val)
 
            # Add temp after the rear of queue
            self.rear.next = temp
 
            # Update temp as the end element
            self.rear = temp
 
    def dequeue(self):
        # point temp to front of queue
        temp = self.front
        # if queue is empty
        if self.front == None:
            print("Underflow")
            return
        elif temp.next != None:
            temp = temp.next
            print("Element deleted from queue is : ", self.front.data)
            self.front = temp
        # if queue consist of only one element
        else:
            print("Element deleted from queue is : ", self.front.data)
            self.front = None
            self.rear = None
 
 
q = Queue()
 
# Inserting elements using
# enqueue operation
q.enqueue(5)
q.enqueue(7)
 
# Removing elements from queue
# using dequeue operation
q.dequeue()


C#




using System;
 
class Node {
  public int data;
  public Node next;
 
  public Node(int val)
  {
    data = val;
    next = null;
  }
}
 
class Queue {
  public Node front;
  public Node rear;
 
  public Queue() { front = rear = null; }
 
  public void enqueue(int val)
  {
    // if queue is empty
    if (rear == null) {
      // Create a new node as rear
      rear = new Node(val);
      rear.next = null;
      rear.data = val;
 
      // Front will be rear as only
      // one element exist in queue
      front = rear;
    }
    else {
      // Create temp node of val value
      Node temp = new Node(val);
 
      // Add temp after the rear of queue
      rear.next = temp;
 
      // Update temp as the end element
      rear = temp;
    }
  }
 
  public void dequeue()
  {
    // point temp to front of queue
    Node temp = front;
 
    // if queue is empty
    if (front == null) {
      Console.WriteLine("Underflow");
      return;
    }
    else if (temp.next != null) {
      temp = temp.next;
      Console.WriteLine(
        "Element deleted from queue is: "
        + front.data);
      front = temp;
    }
    // if queue consist of only one element
    else {
      Console.WriteLine(
        "Element deleted from queue is: "
        + front.data);
      front = null;
      rear = null;
    }
  }
}
 
public class MainClass {
  public static void Main()
  {
    Queue q = new Queue();
 
    // Inserting elements using
    // enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(5);
    q.enqueue(7);
 
    // Removing elements from queue
    // using dequeue operation
    q.dequeue();
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed adityamaharshi21.


Javascript




//Javascript program for above approach
const capacity = 10;
 
// Define the node class
class Node {
    constructor(val) {
        this.data = val;
        this.next = null;
    }
}
 
// Define the Queue class
class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.front = this.rear = null;
    }
 
    // Method to enqueue element in the queue
    enqueue(val) {
        // If queue is empty
        if (this.rear == null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            this.rear = new Node(val);
            this.rear.next = null;
            this.rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only one element exist in queue
            this.front = this.rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            let temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            this.rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            this.rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    // Method to dequeue element from the queue
    dequeue() {
        // Point temp to front of queue
        let temp = this.front;
 
        // If queue is empty
        if (this.front == null) {
            console.log("Underflow");
            return;
        } else if (temp.next != null) {
            temp = temp.next;
            console.log("Element deleted from queue is : " + this.front.data);
            this.front = temp;
        }
        // If queue consist of only one element
        else {
            console.log("Element deleted from queue is : " + this.front.data);
            free(this.front);
            this.front = null;
            this.rear = null;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
let q = new Queue();
 
// Inserting elements using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(5);
q.enqueue(7);
 
// Removing elements from queue using dequeue operation
q.dequeue();
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

Element deleted from queue is : 5


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1). In dequeue operation, only the first node is deleted and the front pointer is updated. This is a constant time operation.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is utilized for deleting an element from the queue.

3) peek(): 

This operation prints the element present at the front of the queue.

Below is the implementation of peek() using Array:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class Queue {
public:
    int queue[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        if (front == -1) {
            front++;
        }
 
        if (rear == capacity - 1) {
            cout << "Queue overflow!!!\n";
            return;
        }
 
        queue[++rear] = val;
    }
 
    void peek()
    {
        if (front == -1 || front > rear) {
            cout << "Queue is empty !\n";
            return;
        }
 
        cout << "Element at the front of queue: " << queue[front] << "\n";
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    // Inserting elements in the queue
    // using enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(1);
    q.enqueue(2);
 
    // Printing front element
    // using peek operation
    q.peek();
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java code for peek operation
 
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
    static final int capacity = 10;
    static class Queue {
        int queue[] = new int[capacity];
        int front;
        int rear;
 
        void Queue()
        {
            front = 0;
            rear = -1;
        }
 
        void enqueue(int val)
        {
            if (front == 0) {
                front = front + 1;
            }
 
            if (rear == capacity - 1) {
                System.out.println("Queue overflow!!!");
                return;
            }
 
            queue[rear = rear + 1] = val;
        }
        void peek()
        {
            if (front == -1 || front > rear) {
                System.out.println("Queue is empty!");
                return;
            }
            System.out.println(
                "Element at the front of queue: "
                + queue[front]);
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements in queue
        // using enqueue operation
        q.enqueue(1);
        q.enqueue(2);
        // Printing front element
        // using peek operation
        q.peek();
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Python




CAPACITY = 10
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.queue = [None] * CAPACITY
        self.front = -1
        self.rear = -1
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        if self.front == -1:
            self.front += 1
        if self.rear == CAPACITY - 1:
            print("Queue overflow!!!")
            return
        self.queue[self.rear + 1] = val
        self.rear += 1
 
    def peek(self):
        if self.front == -1 or self.front > self.rear:
            print("Queue is empty !")
            return
        print("Element at the front of queue:",self.queue[self.front])
 
q = Queue()
 
# Inserting elements in the queue
# using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1)
q.enqueue(2)
 
# Printing front element
# using peek operation
q.peek()
 
# This code is contributed by aadityamaharshi21.


C#




// Include namespace system
using System;
 
public class GFG {
    public const int capacity = 10;
    class Queue {
        public int[] queue = new int[GFG.capacity];
        public int front;
        public int rear;
 
        public Queue()
        {
            this.front = -1;
            this.rear = -1;
        }
 
        public void enqueue(int val)
        {
            if (this.front == -1) {
                this.front++;
            }
            if (this.rear == GFG.capacity - 1) {
                Console.WriteLine("Queue overflow!!!");
                return;
            }
            this.queue[++this.rear] = val;
        }
        public void peek()
        {
            if (this.front == -1
                || this.front > this.rear) {
                Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!!!");
                return;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Element at the front of queue: "
                + this.queue[this.front]);
        }
    }
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        var q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements in queue
        // using enqueue operation
        q.enqueue(1);
        q.enqueue(2);
        // Printing front element
        // using peek operation
        q.peek();
    }
}


Javascript




// JS code for above operation
 
class Queue {
 
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity=10
    }
 
    enqueue(val) {
        if (this.front == -1) {
            this.front++;
        }
 
        if (this.rear == this.capacity-1) {
 
            console.log("Queue overflow!!!");
 
        }
 
        this.queue[++(this.rear)] = val;
    }
 
    peek()
    {
        if (this.front == -1 || this.front > this.rear) {
            console.log("Queue is empty !");
            return;
        }
 
        console.log("Element at the front of queue: ",this.queue[this.front]);
    }
};
 
 
let q = new Queue();
 
// Inserting elements in the queue
// using enqueue operation
q.enqueue(1);
q.enqueue(2);
 
q.peek();
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

Element at the front of queue: 1


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1). In this operation, only a memory address is accessed. This is a constant time operation.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is utilized to access the first value.

Below is the implementation of peek() using Linked List:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class node {
public:
    int data;
    node* next;
 
    node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = NULL;
    }
};
class Queue {
public:
    node* front;
    node* rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = rear = NULL;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == NULL) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new node(val);
            rear->next = NULL;
            rear->data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            node* temp = new node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear->next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    void peek()
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (front == NULL) {
            cout << "Queue is empty!!!" << endl;
        }
        else {
            // return value of front
            cout << "Element present at the front of queue: " << front->data << "\n";
        }
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    // Inserting elements using
    // enqueue operation
    q.enqueue(5);
    q.enqueue(7);
 
    // Front element using
    // peek operation
    q.peek();
 
    return 0;
}


Java




import java.util.Scanner;
 
class Node {
    int data;
    Node next;
 
    Node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    Node front;
    Node rear;
 
    Queue() { front = rear = null; }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new Node(val);
            rear.next = null;
            rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            Node temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    void peek()
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (front == null) {
            System.out.println("Queue is empty!!!");
        }
        else {
            // return value of front
            System.out.println(
                "Element present at the front of queue: "
                + front.data);
        }
    }
}
 
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements using
        // enqueue operation
        q.enqueue(5);
        q.enqueue(7);
 
        // Front element using
        // peek operation
        q.peek();
    }
}


Python




class Node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.next = None
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.front = None
        self.rear = None
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        # if queue is empty
        if self.rear is None:
            # Create a new node as rear
            self.rear = Node(val)
            self.rear.next = None
            self.rear.data = val
 
            # Front will be rear as only
            # one element exists in queue
            self.front = self.rear
        else:
            # Create temp node of val value
            temp = Node(val)
 
            # Add temp after the rear of queue
            self.rear.next = temp
 
            # Update temp as the end element
            self.rear = temp
 
    def peek(self):
        # if queue is empty
        if self.front is None:
            print("Queue is empty!!!")
        else:
            # return value of front
            print("Element present at the front of queue:", self.front.data)
 
q = Queue()
 
# Inserting elements using
# enqueue operation
q.enqueue(5)
q.enqueue(7)
 
# Front element using
# peek operation
q.peek()


C#




//C# code for above approach
using System;
 
public class Node
{
    public int data;
    public Node next;
 
    public Node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
public class Queue
{
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
 
    public Queue()
    {
        front = null;
        rear = null;
    }
 
    public void Enqueue(int val)
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == null)
        {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new Node(val);
            rear.next = null;
            rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exists in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else
        {
            // Create temp node of val value
            Node temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    public void Peek()
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (front == null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!!!");
        }
        else
        {
            // return value of front
            Console.WriteLine("Element present at the front of queue: " + front.data);
        }
    }
}
 
public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        // Inserting elements using
        // Enqueue operation
        q.Enqueue(5);
        q.Enqueue(7);
 
        // Front element using
        // Peek operation
        q.Peek();
    }
}
 
//This code is contributed by shivamsharma215


Javascript




class Node {
    constructor(val) {
        this.data = val;
        this.next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.front = this.rear = null;
    }
 
    enqueue(val) {
        // if queue is empty
        if (this.rear === null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            this.rear = new Node(val);
            this.rear.next = null;
            this.rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            this.front = this.rear;
        } else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            let temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            this.rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            this.rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    peek() {
        // if queue is empty
        if (this.front === null) {
            console.log("Queue is empty!!!");
        } else {
            // return value of front
            console.log(`Element present at the front of queue: ${this.front.data}`);
        }
    }
}
 
let q = new Queue();
 
// Inserting elements using
// enqueue operation
q.enqueue(5);
q.enqueue(7);
 
// Front element using
// peek operation
q.peek();


Output

Element present at the front of queue: 5


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1). In linked list implementation also a single memory address is accessed. It takes constant time.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is utilized to access the first element.

4) initialize(): 

This operation takes an array and adds the element at the back of the Queue.

Implementation of initialize() using array:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class Queue {
public:
    int queue[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        if (front == -1) {
            front++;
        }
 
        if (rear == capacity - 1) {
            cout << "Queue overflow !\n";
            return;
        }
 
        queue[++rear] = val;
    }
    void initialize(int arr[], int N)
    {
 
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // Value to be inserted
            int val = arr[i];
 
            // Inserting using enqueue
            enqueue(val);
        }
 
        // Printing the queue
        for (int i = front; i <= rear; i++) {
            cout << queue[i] << " ";
        }
    }
};
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    int arr[] = { 2, 4, 7, 9, 1 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Calling the initialize function
    q.initialize(arr, N);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java code to perform initialization of queue
 
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
    static final int capacity = 10;
    static class Queue {
        int queue[] = new int[capacity];
        int front;
        int rear;
 
        void Queue()
        {
            front = -1;
            rear = -1;
        }
 
        void enqueue(int val)
        {
            if (front == -1) {
                front++;
            }
 
            if (rear == capacity - 1) {
                System.out.println("Queue overflow!!!");
                return;
            }
 
            queue[++rear] = val;
        }
        void initialize(int arr[], int N)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
                // Value to be inserted
 
                int val = arr[i];
 
                // Inserting using enqueue
                enqueue(val);
            }
 
            // Printing the queue
            for (int i = front + 1; i <= rear; i++) {
 
                System.out.println(queue[i] + " ");
            }
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
        int arr[] = { 2, 4, 7, 9, 1 };
        int N = 5;
 
        q.initialize(arr, N);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Python3




# Python equivalent of the given code
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        # Front of the queue
        self.front = -1
         
        # Rear of the queue
        self.rear = -1
         
        # Queue array with a fixed capacity of 10
        self.queue = [None] * 10
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        # If the queue is empty, set front to 0
        if self.front == -1:
            self.front = 0
 
        # If the rear is already at the end of the queue, return an overflow message
        if self.rear == len(self.queue) - 1:
            print("Queue overflow!")
            return
 
        # Increase the rear and add the value to the queue
        self.rear += 1
        self.queue[self.rear] = val
 
    def initialize(self, arr):
        for val in arr:
            # Insert each value in the array into the queue
            self.enqueue(val)
 
        # Print the queue
        for i in range(self.front, self.rear + 1):
            print(self.queue[i], end=" ")
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create a new queue object
    q = Queue()
 
    # Array to be inserted into the queue
    arr = [2, 4, 7, 9, 1]
 
    # Initialize the queue with the array
    q.initialize(arr)
 
# This code is contributed by Vikram_Shirsat


C#




// C# code to initialize a queue
using System;
 
public class GFG {
  public const int capacity = 10;
  class Queue {
    public int[] queue = new int[GFG.capacity];
    public int front;
    public int rear;
 
    public Queue()
    {
      this.front = -1;
      this.rear = -1;
    }
    public void enqueue(int val)
    {
      if (this.front == -1) {
        this.front++;
      }
      if (this.rear == GFG.capacity - 1) {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue overflow!!!");
        return;
      }
      this.queue[++this.rear] = val;
    }
    public void initialize(int[] arr, int N)
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        // Value to be inserted
        int val = arr[i];
 
        // Inserting using enqueue
        enqueue(val);
      }
      for (int i = this.front; i <= this.rear; i++) {
        Console.WriteLine(queue[i] + " ");
      }
    }
  }
  public static void Main(String[] args)
  {
    var q = new Queue();
 
    // Inserting elements in queue
    // using enqueue operation
    int[] arr = { 2, 4, 7, 9, 1 };
    int N = 5;
    q.initialize(arr, N);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21.


Javascript




// JS code for above operation
class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity = 10;
    }
 
    enqueue(val) {
        if (this.front == -1) {
            this.front++;
        }
 
        if (this.rear == this.capacity) {
 
            console.log("Queue overflow!!!");
 
        }
 
        this.queue[this.rear=this.rear+1] = val;
    }
    initialize(arr, N) {
 
        for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // Value to be inserted
            let val = arr[i];
 
            // Inserting using enqueue
            this.enqueue(val);
        }
 
        // Printing the queue
        for (let i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
            console.log(this.queue[i]);
        }
    }
};
 
// Driver code
let q = new Queue();
 
let arr = [2, 4, 7, 9, 1];
let N = arr.length;
 
// Calling the initialize function
q.initialize(arr, N);
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

2 4 7 9 1 

Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(N). Inserting each element is a constant time operation. So for inserting N elements N unit of time is required.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(N). N elements are inserted.

Implementation of initialize() using LinkedList:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class node {
public:
    int data;
    node* next;
 
    node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = NULL;
    }
};
class Queue {
public:
    node* front;
    node* rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = rear = NULL;
    }
 
    void enqueue(int val)
    {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == NULL) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new node(val);
            rear->next = NULL;
            rear->data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        }
        else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            node* temp = new node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear->next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
    void initialize(int arr[], int N)
    {
 
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // Value to be inserted
            int val = arr[i];
 
            // Inserting using enqueue
            enqueue(val);
        }
 
        node* temp = front;
        // Printing the queue
        while (temp != NULL) {
            cout << temp->data << " ";
            temp = temp->next;
        }
    }
};
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    int arr[] = { 2, 8, 7, 3, 1 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    // Calling the initialize function
    q.initialize(arr, N);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node next;
 
    public Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
 
    public Queue() {
        front = rear = null;
    }
 
    public void enqueue(int val) {
        // if queue is empty
        if (rear == null) {
            // Create a new node as rear
            rear = new Node(val);
            rear.next = null;
            rear.data = val;
 
            // Front will be rear as only
            // one element exist in queue
            front = rear;
        } else {
            // Create temp node of val value
            Node temp = new Node(val);
 
            // Add temp after the rear of queue
            rear.next = temp;
 
            // Update temp as the end element
            rear = temp;
        }
    }
 
    public void initialize(int[] arr, int N) {
 
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            // Value to be inserted
            int val = arr[i];
 
            // Inserting using enqueue
            enqueue(val);
        }
 
        Node temp = front;
        // Printing the queue
        while (temp != null) {
            System.out.print(temp.data + " ");
            temp = temp.next;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        int[] arr = {2, 8, 7, 3, 1};
        int N = arr.length;
 
        // Calling the initialize function
        q.initialize(arr, N);
    }
}


Python3




# Python equivalent of the C++ code
 
# Define the node class
class Node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.next = None
 
# Define the Queue class
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.front = self.rear = None
 
    def enqueue(self, val):
        # If queue is empty
        if self.rear is None:
            # Create a new node as rear
            self.rear = Node(val)
            self.rear.next = None
            self.rear.data = val
 
            # Front will be rear as only one element exist in queue
            self.front = self.rear
        else:
            # Create temp node of val value
            temp = Node(val)
 
            # Add temp after the rear of queue
            self.rear.next = temp
 
            # Update temp as the end element
            self.rear = temp
 
    def initialize(self, arr, N):
        for i in range(N):
            # Value to be inserted
            val = arr[i]
 
            # Inserting using enqueue
            self.enqueue(val)
 
        temp = self.front
        # Printing the queue
        while temp is not None:
            print(temp.data, end=' ')
            temp = temp.next
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = Queue()
 
    arr = [2, 8, 7, 3, 1]
    N = len(arr)
 
    # Calling the initialize function
    q.initialize(arr, N)
 
# This code is contributed by Vikram_Shirsat


C#




using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Linq;
// C# ptogram for the above approach
 
// Define the node class
class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node next;
     
  public Node(int val) {
    data = val;
    next = null;
  }
}
 
// Define the Queue class
class queue {
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
  public queue() {
    front = null;
    rear = null;
  }
 
  public void enqueue(int val) {
    // If queue is empty
    if (rear == null) {
      // Create a new node as rear
      rear = new Node(val);
      rear.next = null;
      rear.data = val;
 
      // Front will be rear as only one element exists in queue
      front = this.rear;
    } else {
      // Create temp node of val value
      Node temp = new Node(val);
 
      // Add temp after the rear of queue
      rear.next = temp;
 
      // Update temp as the end element
      rear = temp;
    }
  }
 
  public void initialize(int[] arr,int N) {
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      // Value to be inserted
      int val = arr[i];
 
      // Inserting using enqueue
      enqueue(val);
    }
 
    Node temp = front;
    // Printing the queue
    List<int> ans = new List<int>();
    while (temp != null) {
      ans.Add(temp.data);
      temp = temp.next;
    }
     
    for(int i = 0; i < ans.Count; i++){
        Console.Write(ans[i] + " ");
    }
  }
}
 
class HelloWorld {
    static void Main() {
        // Driver code
        queue q= new queue();
 
        int[] arr = {2, 8, 7, 3, 1};
        int N = arr.Length;
 
        // Calling the initialize function
        q.initialize(arr, N);
    }
}
 
// The code is contributed by Arushi Jindal.


Javascript




// Javascript program for the above approach
 
// Define the node class
class Node {
  constructor(val) {
    this.data = val;
    this.next = null;
  }
}
 
// Define the Queue class
class Queue {
  constructor() {
    this.front = null;
    this.rear = null;
  }
 
  enqueue(val) {
    // If queue is empty
    if (this.rear === null) {
      // Create a new node as rear
      this.rear = new Node(val);
      this.rear.next = null;
      this.rear.data = val;
 
      // Front will be rear as only one element exists in queue
      this.front = this.rear;
    } else {
      // Create temp node of val value
      let temp = new Node(val);
 
      // Add temp after the rear of queue
      this.rear.next = temp;
 
      // Update temp as the end element
      this.rear = temp;
    }
  }
 
  initialize(arr, N) {
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      // Value to be inserted
      let val = arr[i];
 
      // Inserting using enqueue
      this.enqueue(val);
    }
 
    let temp = this.front;
    // Printing the queue
    let ans = []
    while (temp !== null) {
      ans.push(temp.data);
      temp = temp.next;
    }
    console.log(ans.join(" "));
  }
}
 
// Driver code
let q = new Queue();
 
let arr = [2, 8, 7, 3, 1];
let N = arr.length;
 
// Calling the initialize function
q.initialize(arr, N);
 
 
// This code is contributed by codebraxnzt


Output

2 8 7 3 1 

Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(N). Creating a new node and making a link takes unit time. So to insert N elements (i.e., creating N nodes and linking them) N unit of times is required.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(N). N elements need to be inserted.

5) isfull(): 

Function that returns true if the queue is filled completely else returns false.

Below is the implementation of isfull() using array:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class Queue {
public:
    int queue[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    bool isfull()
    {
        if (rear == capacity - 1)
            return 1;
 
        return 0;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    if (q.isfull()) {
        cout << "Queue is filled\n";
    }
    else {
        cout << "Queue is not filled completely\n";
    }
    return 0;
}


Java




/*package whatever //do not write package name here */
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG {
 
  static class Queue {
    int capacity = 10;
    int queue[];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
      front = -1;
      rear = -1;
      queue = new int[capacity];
    }
 
    boolean isfull()
    {
      if (rear == capacity - 1)
        return true;
 
      return false;
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    Queue q = new Queue();
 
    if (q.isfull()) {
      System.out.println("Queue is filled\n");
    }
    else {
      System.out.println(
        "Queue is not filled completely\n");
    }
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by aadityaburujwale.


Python3




# Python equivalent of the code
 
# Define the Queue class
class Queue:
    capacity = 10
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.front = -1
        self.rear = -1
 
    def isfull(self):
        if self.rear == self.capacity - 1:
            return True
        return False
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = Queue()
 
    if q.isfull():
        print("Queue is filled")
    else:
        print("Queue is not filled completely")
         
# This code is contributed by Vikram_Shirsat


C#




// C# code addition
 
using System;
 
class Queue
{
    public const int capacity = 10;
    public int[] queue = new int[capacity];
    public int front = -1;
    public int rear = -1;
 
    public  bool IsFull()
    {
        if (rear == capacity - 1)
            return true;
 
        return false;
    }
}
 
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        if (q.IsFull())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is filled");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is not filled completely");
        }
    }
}
 
 
// The code is contributed by Arushi Goel.


Javascript




class Queue {
  
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity=10
    }
  
    isfull()
    {
        if (this.rear == this.capacity - 1)
            return true;
 
        return false;
    }
};
  
let q = new Queue();
 
if (q.isfull()) {
    console.log("Queue is filled\n");
}
else {
    console.log("Queue is not filled completely\n");
}
 
// This code is contributed by akashish__.


Output

Queue is not filled completely


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1). It only performs an arithmetic operation to check if the queue is full or not.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). It requires no extra space.

Below is the implementation of isfull() using Linked List:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class node {
public:
    int data;
    node* next;
 
    node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = NULL;
    }
};
class Queue {
public:
    node* front;
    node* rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = rear = NULL;
    }
 
    bool isfull()
    {
        // to store current length of queue
        int length = 0;
 
        // temp pointing to front node
        node* temp = front;
 
        // if queue is empty
        if (temp == NULL)
            return 0;
 
        while (temp->next != NULL) {
            length++;
            temp = temp->next;
        }
 
        // if queue size is same as maximum capacity
        if (length == capacity) {
            return 1;
        }
 
        return 0;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    if (q.isfull()) {
        cout << "Queue is filled\n";
    }
    else {
        cout << "Queue is not filled completely\n";
    }
 
    return 0;
}


Java




import java.util.*;
 
class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node next;
 
    public Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
    public static final int capacity = 10// Add this line
 
    public Queue() {
        front = rear = null;
    }
 
    public boolean isFull() {
        // to store current length of queue
        int length = 0;
 
        // temp pointing to front node
        Node temp = front;
 
        // if queue is empty
        if (temp == null)
            return false;
 
        while (temp.next != null) {
            length++;
            temp = temp.next;
        }
 
        // if queue size is same as maximum capacity
        return length == capacity;
    }
}
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        if (q.isFull()) {
            System.out.println("Queue is filled");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Queue is not filled completely");
        }
    }
}


Python3




# Python equivalent of the C++ code
 
# Define the node class
class node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.next = None
 
# Define the Queue class
class Queue:
    capacity = 10
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.front = None
        self.rear = None
 
    def isfull(self):
        length = 0
        temp = self.front
 
        if temp is None:
            return False
 
        while temp.next is not None:
            length += 1
            temp = temp.next
 
        if length == self.capacity:
            return True
 
        return False
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = Queue()
 
    if q.isfull():
        print("Queue is filled")
    else:
        print("Queue is not filled completely")
         
# This code is contributed by Vikram_Shirsat


C#




using System;
 
public class Node
{
    public int Data { get; set; }
    public Node Next { get; set; }
 
    public Node(int val)
    {
        Data = val;
        Next = null;
    }
}
 
public class Queue
{
    public Node Front { get; set; }
    public Node Rear { get; set; }
 
    public Queue()
    {
        Front = Rear = null;
    }
 
    public bool IsFull()
    {
        // to store the current length of the queue
        int length = 0;
 
        // temp pointing to the front node
        Node temp = Front;
 
        // if the queue is empty
        if (temp == null)
            return false;
 
        while (temp.Next != null)
        {
            length++;
            temp = temp.Next;
        }
 
        // if the queue size is the same as the maximum capacity
        if (length == Program.capacity)
        {
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
}
 
class Program
{
    public static int capacity = 10;
 
    static void Main()
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        if (q.IsFull())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is filled");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is not filled completely");
        }
    }
}


Javascript




// JS code for above operation
class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity = 10
    }
 
    isfull() {
        if (this.rear == this.capacity - 1)
            return 1;
 
        return 0;
    }
};
let q = new Queue();
 
if (q.isfull()) {
    console.log("Queue is filled");
}
else {
    console.log("Queue is not filled completely");
}
 
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

Queue is not filled completely


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(N). The whole linked list is traversed to calculate the length and then the length is checked with the capacity. The traversal of the linked list takes O(N) time.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is required.

6) isempty(): 

Function that returns true if the queue is empty else returns false.

Below is the implementation of isempty() operation using array:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class Queue {
public:
    int queue[capacity];
    int front;
    int rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    bool isempty()
    {
        // if there are no elements or
        // the queue has exceed its rear
        if (front == -1 || front > rear) {
            return 1;
        }
 
        return 0;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    if (q.isempty()) {
        cout << "Queue is empty\n";
    }
    else {
        cout << "Queue is not empty \n";
    }
 
    return 0;
}


Java




public class Queue {
    private static final int capacity = 10;
    private int[] queue;
    private int front;
    private int rear;
 
    public Queue() {
        queue = new int[capacity];
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        // if there are no elements or
        // the queue has exceeded its rear
        if (front == -1 || front > rear) {
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        if (q.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("Queue is empty");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Queue is not empty");
        }
    }
}


Python3




# Check if a queue is empty or not
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.queue = []
        self.front = -1
        self.rear = -1
 
    def isempty(self):
        if self.front == -1 or self.front > self.rear:
            return True
        return False
 
q = Queue()
if q.isempty():
    print("Queue is empty")
else:
    print("Queue is not empty")
 
# This code is contributed by Vikram_Shirsat


C#




using System;
 
class Queue
{
    private const int Capacity = 10;
    private int front;
    private int rear;
 
    public Queue()
    {
        front = -1;
        rear = -1;
    }
 
    public bool IsEmpty()
    {
        // If there are no elements or the queue has exceeded its rear
        if (front == -1 || front > rear)
        {
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
}
 
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        if (q.IsEmpty())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is not empty");
        }
    }
}


Javascript




//JS code for above approach
 
class Queue {
 
    constructor() {
        this.queue = [];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rear = -1;
        this.capacity = 10;
    }
 
    isempty() {
        // if there are no elements or
        // the queue has exceed its rear
        if (this.front == -1 || this.front > this.rear) {
            return 1;
        }
 
        return 0;
    }
};
 
// Driver Code
 
let q = new Queue;
 
if (q.isempty()) {
    console.log("Queue is empty");
}
else {
    console.log("Queue is not empty ");
}
// This code is contributed by adityamaharshi21


Output

Queue is empty


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1) It only checks the position stored in the first and last pointer
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1) NO extra space is required to check the values of the first and the last pointer.

Below is the implementation of isempty() operation using LinkedList:

C++




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define capacity 10
class node {
public:
    int data;
    node* next;
 
    node(int val)
    {
        data = val;
        next = NULL;
    }
};
class Queue {
public:
    node* front;
    node* rear;
 
    Queue()
    {
        front = rear = NULL;
    }
 
    bool isempty()
    {
        // if queue has 0 nodes
        if (front == NULL) {
            return 1;
        }
 
        return 0;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Queue q;
 
    if (q.isempty()) {
        cout << "Queue is filled\n";
    }
    else {
        cout << "Queue is not filled completely\n";
    }
 
    return 0;
}


Java




class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node next;
 
    public Node(int val) {
        data = val;
        next = null;
    }
}
 
class Queue {
    public Node front;
    public Node rear;
 
    public Queue() {
        front = rear = null;
    }
 
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        // if the queue has 0 nodes
        if (front == null) {
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
}
 
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        if (q.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("Queue is filled");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Queue is not filled completely");
        }
    }
}


Python3




# Python program for the above approach
 
class Node:
    def __init__(self, val):
        self.data = val
        self.next = None
 
class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.front = self.rear = None
     
    def isempty(self):
        if self.front == None:
            return True
        return False
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = Queue()
    if q.isempty():
        print("Queue is filled")
    else:
        print("Queue is not filled completely")
 
# This code is contributed by adityashatmfh


C#




using System;
 
// Node class represents a node in the linked list
public class Node
{
    public int Data;
    public Node Next;
 
    // Constructor to initialize a node with given value
    public Node(int val)
    {
        Data = val;
        Next = null;
    }
}
 
// Queue class represents a basic queue using linked list
public class Queue
{
    public Node Front; // Front points to the first node in the queue
    public Node Rear;  // Rear points to the last node in the queue
 
    // Constructor to initialize an empty queue
    public Queue()
    {
        Front = Rear = null;
    }
 
    // Method to check if the queue is empty
    public bool IsEmpty()
    {
        // If Front is null, the queue has 0 nodes
        if (Front == null)
        {
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
}
 
class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Queue q = new Queue();
 
        // Check if the queue is empty and print the result
        if (q.IsEmpty())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is filled");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Queue is not filled completely");
        }
    }
}


Javascript




// JavaScript Program for the above approach
 
class Node {
  constructor(val) {
    this.data = val;
    this.next = null;
  }
}
 
class Queue {
  constructor() {
    this.front = null;
    this.rear = null;
  }
 
  isempty() {
    if (this.front == null) {
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
}
 
let q = new Queue();
if (q.isempty()) {
  console.log("Queue is filled");
} else {
  console.log("Queue is not filled completely");
}
 
// This code is contributed by codebraxnzt


Output

Queue is filled


Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(1), It checks if the pointer of first is Null or not. This operation takes constant time.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1). No extra space is required.


Last Updated : 31 Jan, 2024
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