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Temple, Towns and Pilgrimage Centre

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There were authoritative focuses, sanctuary towns, as well as focuses on business exercises and art creation during middle age periods.

Administrative Centers and Towns

The best model is Thanjavur. During the rule of the Chola Dynasty (King Rajaraja Chola), its capital was Thanjavur. Modeler Kunjaramallan Rajaraja Perunthachchan assembled Rajarajeshvara Temple. Other than the sanctuary, there were castles with mandapas or structures. where lords hold court here and issue a request to subordinates.

The Saliya weavers of Thanjavur and the close by town of Uraiyur were occupied with delivering fabric for banners to be utilized in the sanctuary celebration, fine cotton for the lord, and respectability, and coarse cotton for the general population. Some distance away at Svamimalai, the sthapatis or stoneworkers were making impeccable bronze icons and tall, fancy ringer metal lights.

  1. Small towns: From the eighth century onwards the subcontinent was specked with a few modest communities. These presumably rose up out of huge towns. They for the most part had a mandapika (or mandi of later times) to which close by townspeople carried their produce to sell. They likewise had market roads called Hatta (haat of later times) fixed with shops. Typically a Samantha or, in later times, a zamindar assembled a sustained castle in or close to these towns. They required charges on brokers, craftsmen, and articles of exchange and in some cases “gave” the “right” to gather these expenses to nearby sanctuaries.
  2. Traders: There was numerous sort of brokers including Banjaras. Since dealers needed to go through numerous realms and woodlands, they generally went in troops and shaped guilds[associations for certain tasks to safeguard their inclinations. Manigramam and Nanadesi were two such guilds. These societies exchanged widely both inside the landmass and with Southeast Asia and China. The towns on the west coast were home to Arab, Persian, Chinese, Jewish, and Syrian Christian brokers. Simultaneously Kabul [Afghanistan]became strategically and industrially significant from the sixteenth century onwards. Exchange ponies were essentially conveyed here. Slaves were additionally brought here available to be purchased.
  3. Craftspersons: The Craftspersons of Bidar were so acclaimed for their decorating work in copper and silver that it came to be called Bidri. The Panchalas or Vishwakarma people group, comprising of goldsmiths, bronze smiths, smithies, artisans, and woodworkers, were fundamental for the structure of sanctuaries. They likewise assumed a significant part in the development of royal residences, huge structures, tanks, and supplies. Essentially, weavers, for example, the Saliyar or Kaikkolars arose as prosperous networks, making gifts to sanctuaries. A few parts of material making like cotton cleaning, turning, and coloring became particular and free specialties.

Temple Towns and Pilgrimage Centers

  • Wellsprings of Money for Temples: Rulers used to fabricate sanctuaries to exhibit their dedication. Moreover, they likewise invested the sanctuaries with awards of land and cash for ceremonies, taking care of travelers and clerics, and celebrations. Gifts were additionally made by pioneers.
  • Utilization of Money by Temples: Temples utilized their cash to fund exchange and banking. Step by step numerous clerics, craftsmen, laborers, dealers, and so forth settled close to the sanctuary to take care of the necessities of the sanctuary along with travelers. This is the manner by which sanctuary towns developed.
  • A portion of the significant sanctuary towns created in this period is Bhillasvamin (Bhisla or Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh), Somnath (Gujarat), Kanchipuram, Madurai (Tamil Nadu), and Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh). Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu and Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh are instances of journey focuses created as a town.

Major Towns: Surat, Hampi, and Masulipatnam

Surat, Hampi, and Masulipatnam were the significant towns in India during the middle age time frame.

Hampi

It was Situated in the Krishna-Tungabhadra bowl. It was the core of the Vijayanagar Empire (1336). No mortar or establishing specialist was utilized in the development of strengthened dividers and the procedure followed was to wedge them together by interlocking. It got impressive curves, vaults and pillared corridors with specialties for holding figures. During fifteenth – sixteenth hundreds of years, Hampi clamored with business and social exercises. Moors (a name utilized altogether for Muslim vendors), Chettis and specialists of European dealers like the Portuguese, crowded the business sectors of Hampi. Sanctuaries were the center point of social exercises and devadasis (sanctuary artists) performed before the god, sovereignty and masses in the many-pillared corridors in the Virupaksha (a type of Shiva) sanctuary. They crumbled apart following the loss of Vijayanagar in 1565 by the Deccani Sultans – the leaders of Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar and Bidar.

Surat

It was a retail shop of western exchange during the Mughal time frame alongside Cambay (present Khambhat). Surat was the door for exchange with West Asia by means of the Gulf of  hormuz. Surat has additionally been known as the entryway to Mecca on the grounds that numerous pioneer ships set forth from here. In the seventeenth century the Portuguese, Dutch and English had their plants and stockrooms at Surat. The materials of Surat were renowned for their gold ribbon borders (zari) and had a market in West Asia, Africa and Europe. Decline factors: the deficiency of business sectors and efficiency, control of the ocean courses by the Portuguese, rivalry from Bombay where the English East India Company moved its base camp in 1668.

Masulipatnam

It laid on the delta of the Krishna waterway. Masulipatnam was urged to be controlled by both British and Dutch. The fortress at Masulipatnam was worked by the Dutch. The Qutb Shahi leaders of Golconda forced imperial syndications on the offer of materials, flavors and different things to forestall the exchange passing totally under the control of the different East India Companies. In 1686-1687 Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb added Golconda. So European Companies took options in contrast to Bombay, Calcutta and Madras which lost Masulipatanam’s brilliance.

Sample Questions

 Question 1: How did they utilized money by temples ?

Answer:

Temples utilized their cash to fund exchange and banking. Step by step numerous clerics, craftsmen, laborers, dealers, and so forth settled close to the sanctuary to take care of the necessities of the sanctuary along with travelers. This is the manner by which sanctuary towns developed.

Question 2: Why was Thanjavur so famous?

Answer:

South Indian religion, art, and architecture Thanjavur is famous. Important UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, Great Living Chola Temples are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among these, the Brihadiswara Temple, is located in the center of the city.


Last Updated : 13 Oct, 2022
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