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Given an array of integers and a number K with initial and final values. Your task is to find the minimum number of steps required to get final value starting from the initial value using the array elements. You can only do add (add operation % 1000) on values to get the final value. At every step, you are allowed to add any of the array elements with modulus operation.

Examples:  

Input: initial = 1, final = 6, a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4} 
Output:
Step 1: (1 + 1 ) % 1000 = 2. 
Step 2: (2 + 4) % 1000 = 6 (which is required final value).

Input: start = 998 end = 2 a[] = {2, 1, 3} 
Output:
Step 1 : (998 + 2) % 1000 = 0. 
Step 2 : (0 + 2) % 1000 = 2. 
OR 
Step 1 : (998 + 1) % 1000 = 999. 
Step 2 : (999 + 3) % 1000 = 2

Approach: 

Since in the above problem the modulus given is 1000, therefore the maximum number of states will be 103. All the states can be checked using simple BFS. Initialize an ans[] array with -1 which marks that the state has not been visited. ans[i] stores the number of steps taken to reach i from start. Initially push the start to the queue, then apply BFS. 

Pop the top element and check if it is equal to the end if it is then print the ans[end]. If the element is not equal to the topmost element, then add the top element with every element in the array and perform a mod operation with 1000. If the added element state has not been visited previously, then push it into the queue. Initialize ans[pushed_element] by ans[top_element] + 1. 

Once all the states are visited, and the state cannot be reached by performing every possible multiplication, then print -1. 

Below is the implementation of the above approach:  

C++




// C++ program to find the minimum steps
// to reach end from start by performing
// additions and mod operations with array elements
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function that returns the minimum operations
int minimumAdditions(int start, int end, int a[], int n)
{
    // array which stores the minimum steps
    // to reach i from start
    int ans[1001];
 
    // -1 indicated the state has not been visited
    memset(ans, -1, sizeof(ans));
    int mod = 1000;
 
    // queue to store all possible states
    queue<int> q;
 
    // initially push the start
    q.push(start % mod);
 
    // to reach start we require 0 steps
    ans[start] = 0;
 
    // till all states are visited
    while (!q.empty()) {
 
        // get the topmost element in the queue
        int top = q.front();
 
        // pop the topmost element
        q.pop();
 
        // if the topmost element is end
        if (top == end)
            return ans[end];
 
        // perform addition with all array elements
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int pushed = top + a[i];
            pushed = pushed % mod;
 
            // if not visited, then push it to queue
            if (ans[pushed] == -1) {
                ans[pushed] = ans[top] + 1;
                q.push(pushed);
            }
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int start = 998, end = 2;
    int a[] = { 2, 1, 3 };
    int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
 
    // Calling function
    cout << minimumAdditions(start, end, a, n);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program to find the minimum steps
// to reach end from start by performing
// additions and mod operations with array elements
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
 
    // Function that returns
    // the minimum operations
    static int minimumAdditions(int start,
                    int end, int a[], int n)
    {
        // array which stores the minimum steps
        // to reach i from start
        int ans[] = new int[1001];
 
        // -1 indicated the state has not been visited
        Arrays.fill(ans, -1);
        int mod = 1000;
 
        // queue to store all possible states
        Queue<Integer> q = new java.util.LinkedList<>();
 
        // initially push the start
        q.add(start % mod);
 
        // to reach start we require 0 steps
        ans[start] = 0;
 
        // till all states are visited
        while (!q.isEmpty())
        {
 
            // get the topmost element in the queue
            int top = q.peek();
 
            // pop the topmost element
            q.poll();
 
            // if the topmost element is end
            if (top == end)
            {
                return ans[end];
            }
 
            // perform addition with all array elements
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                int pushed = top + a[i];
                pushed = pushed % mod;
 
                // if not visited, then push it to queue
                if (ans[pushed] == -1)
                {
                    ans[pushed] = ans[top] + 1;
                    q.add(pushed);
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int start = 998, end = 2;
        int a[] = {2, 1, 3};
        int n = a.length;
 
        // Calling function
        System.out.println(minimumAdditions(start, end, a, n));
    }
}
 
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */


Python3




# Python3 program to find the minimum steps
# to reach end from start by performing
# additions and mod operations with array
# elements
from collections import deque
from typing import List
 
# Function that returns the minimum operations
def minimumAdditions(start: int, end: int,
                     a: List[int], n: int) -> int:
                          
    # Array which stores the minimum steps
    # to reach i from start
    # -1 indicated the state has not been visited
    ans = [-1] * 1001
 
    mod = 1000
 
    # Queue to store all possible states
    q = deque()
 
    # Initially push the start
    q.append(start % mod)
 
    # To reach start we require 0 steps
    ans[start] = 0
 
    # Till all states are visited
    while q:
         
        # Get the topmost element in the queue
        top = q[0]
 
        # Pop the topmost element
        q.popleft()
 
        # If the topmost element is end
        if (top == end):
            return ans[end]
 
        # Perform addition with all array elements
        for i in range(n):
            pushed = top + a[i]
            pushed = pushed % mod
 
            # If not visited, then push it to queue
            if (ans[pushed] == -1):
                ans[pushed] = ans[top] + 1
                q.append(pushed)
 
    return -1
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    start = 998
    end = 2
    a = [ 2, 1, 3 ]
    n = len(a)
 
    # Calling function
    print(minimumAdditions(start, end, a, n))
 
# This code is contributed by sanjeev2552


C#




// C# program to find the minimum steps
// to reach end from start by performing
// additions and mod operations with array elements
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
 
    // Function that returns
    // the minimum operations
    static int minimumAdditions(int start,
                    int end, int []a, int n)
    {
        // array which stores the minimum steps
        // to reach i from start
        int []ans = new int[1001];
         
        // -1 indicated the state has not been visited
        for(int i = 0; i < 1001; i++)
        {
            ans[i] = -1;
        }
        int mod = 1000;
 
        // queue to store all possible states
        Queue<int> q = new Queue<int>();
 
        // initially push the start
        q.Enqueue(start % mod);
 
        // to reach start we require 0 steps
        ans[start] = 0;
 
        // till all states are visited
        while (q.Count != 0)
        {
 
            // get the topmost element in the queue
            int top = q.Peek();
 
            // pop the topmost element
            q.Dequeue();
 
            // if the topmost element is end
            if (top == end)
            {
                return ans[end];
            }
 
            // perform addition with all array elements
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                int pushed = top + a[i];
                pushed = pushed % mod;
 
                // if not visited, then push it to queue
                if (ans[pushed] == -1)
                {
                    ans[pushed] = ans[top] + 1;
                    q.Enqueue(pushed);
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        int start = 998, end = 2;
        int []a = {2, 1, 3};
        int n = a.Length;
 
        // Calling function
        Console.WriteLine(minimumAdditions(start, end, a, n));
    }
}
 
// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar


Javascript




<script>
// Javascript program to find the minimum steps
// to reach end from start by performing
// additions and mod operations with array elements
 
// Function that returns
    // the minimum operations
function minimumAdditions(start,end,a,n)
{
    // array which stores the minimum steps
        // to reach i from start
        let ans = new Array(1001);
  
        // -1 indicated the state has not been visited
        for(let i=0;i<1001;i++)
            ans[i]=-1;
        let mod = 1000;
  
        // queue to store all possible states
        let q = [];
  
        // initially push the start
        q.push(start % mod);
  
        // to reach start we require 0 steps
        ans[start] = 0;
  
        // till all states are visited
        while (q.length!=0)
        {
  
            // get the topmost element in the queue
            let top = q[0];
  
            // pop the topmost element
            q.shift();
  
            // if the topmost element is end
            if (top == end)
            {
                return ans[end];
            }
  
            // perform addition with all array elements
            for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                let pushed = top + a[i];
                pushed = pushed % mod;
  
                // if not visited, then push it to queue
                if (ans[pushed] == -1)
                {
                    ans[pushed] = ans[top] + 1;
                    q.push(pushed);
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
}
 
// Driver Code
let start = 998, end = 2;
let a=[2, 1, 3];
let n = a.length;
  
// Calling function
document.write(minimumAdditions(start, end, a, n));
 
// This code is contributed by rag2127
</script>


Output

2

Time Complexity: O(N)



Last Updated : 29 Aug, 2022
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