Statement and Conclusion Logical Reasoning

The Statement and Conclusion section is a part of logical and analytical reasoning, which is frequently asked in all competitive exams, especially in banking sector exams. Statement and conclusion questions is a set of statement followed by conclusions. The general idea to solve such questions is just to understand the theme of the statement and the context in which the conclusions are made. Candidates need to select the most suitable choice matching with the question. Making unnecessary assumptions while solving the statement and conclusion questions is the prime mistake done by the aspirants seeking to get the selection.

Statement & Conclusion questions are all about the understanding of the statement and connectivity with the conclusion. The statement is a collection of words needed to construct a meaningful sentence. The question having the statement can have one or two or more than two conclusions, therefore this requires some tricks and logical thinking for the solution of the statement. 

Statement and Conclusion Concepts:

• The above diagram shows the keywords which can decide the theme of the statement and are called deciders in the conclusion. 
• The options break requires a lot of research and thought process, therefore it is beneficial to be very cautious while answering the questions.
• Reading and understanding must be up to the mark.

Types of Statement and Conclusion Questions :

Based on the statements and conclusions there are different sets of questions formed :

1) Action-based:

A motive behind an action defines these types of statements and the conclusion is also based on the motives.

Example:

Statement: The bank used abusive language for getting their bills paid from the customer.

Conclusion I: The customer has not paid the bills on the due date.

Conclusion II: The bank personnel can also talk politely.

Here, abusive language is the action and the motive is to make the customer pay back the bill on time but answer politely.

2) Cause-Effect:

The cause and effect questions predefine the statements. When an action leads to an effect then statement-based questions are cause and effect-based questions. These are a little easier to determine but then also require some tricks discussed in the next section. 

Example: 

Statement: India lost their recent WTC encounter with England due to their poor bowling.

Conclusion: It has led to moving the team to the fifth position and might not get a chance to play the finals of WTC.

Here, the cause of loss is the poor bowling, the effect is the position where the team slipped.

3) Keywords based:

We have already discussed the keywords-based statement and conclusion questions which leads to specific requirements of the question. The keywords are shown in the figure above and that leads to some special questions which are identified based on quality and quantity.

Example:

Statement: India is the second largest producer of mica in the world.

Conclusion: India exports maximum mica to Arabian countries.

Here the keyword in the question is the largest and mica therefore based on that we can answer where it leads in the market in terms of export.

Tips and Tricks to solve statement & Conclusion Questions :

• The first trick is there to look after the keywords/hidden words within the question which are known as qualifiers of the statement.
• There are two qualifiers apart from keywords Definitely and probably based on true and false. Therefore in questions, we have to see what is the conclusion required within the set of questions.

Example 1:

Statement: India is a country of various castes and creeds.

Conclusion:

1) All castes people should adapt to multiple cultures.

2) All over the world people are of different castes and creeds.

The statement says that India is a country of various castes and creeds while the conclusion says it can adapt to multiple cultures both are different statements while the next statement is definitely not true as its talking about the whole world.

Example 2:

Statement : The demand for CNG vehicles is increasing day by day as compared to the production of CNG.

Conclusion:

1) Government has increased the number of plants for CNG production.

2) The price of CNG is increasing day by day due to the increasing demand.

Both the statements clearly qualify for the conclusion based therefore it clears the concept and the tricks.

Statements and Conclusion Questions and Answers

Q1. Statements: A company has 100 employees. 60% of them are women. 
Conclusions: I) The company has 40 male employees. 
II) Women are the majority in the company.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Both I and II follow.

Q2. Statements: A school has 500 students. 50% of them are boys. 
Conclusions: I) The school has 250 girls. 
II) Boys are the majority in the school.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Only conclusion I follow.

Q3. Statements: In a city, 80% of the population speaks English. The total population is 1 million. 
Conclusions: I) The number of people who speak English is 800,000. 
II) English is the only language spoken in the city.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

Q4. Statements: A store sold 500 units of a product. 70% of the units were sold on a sale. 
Conclusions: I) The store sold 350 units on sale. 
II) The store made a profit on all the units sold.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Only conclusion I follows.

Q5. Statements: A survey was conducted on 100 people. 70% of them prefer tea over coffee. 
Conclusions: I) The number of people who prefer tea is 30. 
II) Coffee is not a popular choice among the surveyed population.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Only conclusion II follows.

Q6. Statements: A library has 10,000 books. 40% of them are fiction. 
Conclusions: I) The library has 4,000 non-fiction books. 
II) The majority of books in the library are fiction.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Only conclusion II follows.

Q7. Statements: In a class of 30 students, 60% are girls. 
Conclusions: I) There are 18 boys in the class. 
II) Girls are the majority in the class.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Only II follows.

Q8. Statements: A restaurant served 100 customers. 80% of them ordered non-vegetarian dishes. 
Conclusions: I) The restaurant served 20 vegetarian dishes. 
II) Non-vegetarian dishes are more popular among the customers.

a. Only conclusion I follows.
b. Only conclusion II follows.
c. Both I and II follows.

Answer: Both I and II follows.