SQL Tutorial
Structured Query Language or SQL is a standard Database language which is used to create, maintain and retrieve the data from relational databases like MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostGre, etc. The recent ISO standard version of SQL is SQL:2019.
As the name suggests, it is used when we have structured data (in the form of tables). All databases that are not relational (or do not use fixed structure tables to store data) and therefore do not use SQL, are called NoSQL databases. Examples of NoSQL are MongoDB, DynamoDB, Cassandra, etc.
In this SQL tutorial, you’ll get to learn SQL from basic to advanced level in an easy & organized manner.
Topic:
SQL Basics:
SQL Clauses / Operators:
- SQL | WITH clause
- SQL | With Ties Clause
- SQL | Arithmetic Operators
- SQL | Wildcard operators
- SQL | Intersect & Except clause
- SQL | USING Clause
- SQL | MERGE Statement
- MERGE Statement in SQL Explained
- SQL | DDL, DML, DCL and TCL Commands
- SQL | CREATE DOMAIN
- SQL | DESCRIBE Statement
- SQL | Case Statement
- SQL | UNIQUE Constraint
- SQL | Create Table Extension
- SQL | ALTER (RENAME)
- SQL | ALTER (ADD, DROP, MODIFY)
- SQL | LIMIT Clause
- SQL | INSERT IGNORE Statement
- SQL | LIKE
- SQL | SOME
- SQL | OFFSET-FETCH Clause
- SQL | Except Clause
- Combining aggregate and non-aggregate values in SQL using Joins and Over clause
- SQL | ALL and ANY
- SQL | EXISTS
- SQL | GROUP BY
- SQL | Union Clause
- SQL | Aliases
- SQL | ORDER BY
- SQL | SELECT TOP Clause
- SQL | UPDATE Statement
- SQL | DELETE Statement
- SQL | INSERT INTO Statement
- SQL | AND and OR operators
- SQL | WHERE Clause
- SQL | Distinct Clause
- SQL | SELECT Query
- SQL | DROP, TRUNCATE
- SQL | CREATE
- SQL | Join (Cartesian Join & Self Join)
- SQL | Alternative Quote Operator
- SQL | Concatenation Operator
- SQL | MINUS Operator
- SQL | DIVISION
- SQL | NOT Operator
- SQL | BETWEEN & IN Operator
- SQL | Join (Inner, Left, Right and Full Joins)
- SQL | CHECK Constraint
SQL-Injection:
SQL Functions:
- SQL | Mathematical functions (SQRT, PI, SQUARE, ROUND, CEILING & FLOOR)
- SQL | Conversion Function
- SQL general functions | NVL, NVL2, DECODE, COALESCE, NULLIF, LNNVL and NANVL
- SQL | Conditional Expressions
- SQL | Character Functions with Examples
- SQL | Date Functions (Set-1)
- SQL | Date Functions (Set-2)
- SQL | LISTAGG
- SQL | Aggregate functions
- SQL | Functions (Aggregate and Scalar Functions)
- SQL | Date functions
- SQL | NULL
- SQL | Numeric Functions
- SQL | String functions
- SQL | Advanced Functions
SQL Queries:
- SQL | Joining three or more tables
- SQL | How to Get the names of the table
- SQL | Sub queries in From Clause
- SQL | Correlated Subqueries
- SQL | Top-N Queries
- SQL | SUB Queries
- SQL | How to print duplicate rows in a table?
- SQL | How to find Nth highest salary from a table
- DBMS | Nested Queries in SQL
- SQL query to find second highest salary?
PL/SQL:
- PL/SQL Introduction
- Cursors in PL/SQL
- Sum Of Two Numbers in PL/SQL
- Reverse a number in PL/SQL
- Factorial of a number in PL/SQL
- Print Patterns in PL/SQL
- Decision Making in PL/SQL
- Oracle SQL | Pseudocolumn
- SQL | Procedures in PL/SQL
- Print different star patterns in SQL
- GCD of two numbers in PL/SQL
- Centered triangular number in PL/SQL
- Floyd’s triangle in PL/SQL
- Convert distance from km to meters and centimeters in PL/SQL
- Convert the given numbers into words in Pl/SQL
- Sum of digits of a number in PL/ SQL
- Sum of digits equal to a given number in PL/SQL
- Sum and average of three numbers in PL/SQL
- Check whether a string is palindrome or not in PL/SQL
- Count odd and even digits in a number in PL/SQL
- No. of vowels and consonants in a given string in PL/SQL
- Area and Perimeter of a circle in PL/SQL
- Finding sum of first n natural numbers in PL/SQL
- Area and Perimeter of Rectangle in PL/SQL
- Sum of the first and last digit of a number in PL/SQL
- Count no. of characters and words in a string in PL/SQL
- Greatest number among three given numbers in PL/SQL
- Concatenation of strings in PL/SQL
- PL/SQL | User Input
MySQL:
- MySQL | Regular expressions(Regexp)
- MySQL | Grant/Revoke Privileges
- MySQL | DATABASE() and CURRENT_USER() Functions
- MySQL | BIN() Function
- MySQL | IFNULL
- MySQL | LAST_DAY() Function
- MySQL | RENAME USER
- MySQL | DROP USER
- MySQL | CREATE USER Statement
- MySQL | Change User Password
- PHP | MySQL WHERE Clause
- PHP | MySQL ORDER BY Clause
- PHP | MySQL UPDATE Query
- PHP | MySQL Delete Query
- PHP | MySQL LIMIT Clause
- PHP | MySQL Select Query
- PHP | Inserting into MySQL database
- PHP | MySQL ( Creating Table )
- PHP | MySQL ( Creating Database )
SQL Server:
Misc:
- SQL using Python | Set 1
- SQL using Python and SQLite | Set 2
- SQL using Python | Set 3 (Handling large data)
- Check if Table, View, Trigger, etc present in Oracle
- Performing Database Operations in Java | SQL CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT
- Difference between Simple and Complex View in SQL
- Difference between Static and Dynamic SQL
- Having Vs Where Clause?
- Inner Join Vs Outer Join
- Difference between SQL and NoSQL
Why We Use SQL ?
The data is only an unorganized information, so to organize that data we make database. Database is the organized collection of structured data which is usually controlled by a database management system(DBMS) so, to manipulate the data in database e.g. Create, Read, Edit, Delete we use SQL. User can interact with data stored in relational database management systems.
SQL is easy to learn, there is no prerequisites to learn SQL. Anyone who know English language can easily write SQL queries.
Features of SQL
- Without lot of coding knowledge we can manage database with SQL.
- SQL works with database systems from Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, etc.
- Simple and easy to learn.
- SQL is ANSI and ISO standard language for database manipulations.
- SQL retrieves large amount of data very fast.
Applications of SQL
In data driven industries where managing databases is very important in regular, Here are some SQL important applications.
- To support client/server architecture, software engineers uses SQL to establish the connection between back-end and front-end.
- SQL can also be used in the 3-tier architecture of a client, an application server and database.
- SQL is used as a Data Definition Language(DDL) in which we can independently create a database, define structure, use it and discard it when its work is done.
- SQL is used as a Data Manipulation Language(DML) in which we can enter data, modifying data, extracting data.
- SQL is used as a Data Control Language(DCL) it specifies how we can protect our database against corruption and misuse.
If you’re looking out for a worthwhile and reliable SQL tutorial for beginners, (or experts as well), then you must go through with this resource. Also, here you’ll get SQL interview questions, exercises, examples, etc.
