SQL | Numeric Functions

Difficulty Level : Basic
Last Updated : 30 Dec, 2019

Numeric Functions are used to perform operations on numbers and return numbers.
Following are the numeric functions defined in SQL:

ABS(): It returns the absolute value of a number.

Syntax: SELECT ABS(-243.5);

Output: 243.5

SQL> SELECT ABS(-10);
+--------------------------------------+
| ABS(10)                                                  
+--------------------------------------+
| 10                                                       
+--------------------------------------+

ACOS(): It returns the cosine of a number.
```
Syntax:  SELECT ACOS(0.25);
```
Output: 1.318116071652818
ASIN(): It returns the arc sine of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT ASIN(0.25);
```
Output: 0.25268025514207865
ATAN(): It returns the arc tangent of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT ATAN(2.5);
```
Output: 1.1902899496825317
CEIL(): It returns the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT CEIL(25.75);
```
Output: 26
CEILING(): It returns the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT CEILING(25.75);
```
Output: 26
COS(): It returns the cosine of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT COS(30);
```
Output: 0.15425144988758405
COT(): It returns the cotangent of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT COT(6);
```
Output: -3.436353004180128

DEGREES(): It converts a radian value into degrees.

Syntax: SELECT DEGREES(1.5);

Output: 85.94366926962348

SQL>SELECT DEGREES(PI());
+------------------------------------------+
| DEGREES(PI())                                           
+------------------------------------------+
| 180.000000                                              
+------------------------------------------+

DIV(): It is used for integer division.
```
Syntax: SELECT 10 DIV 5;
```
Output: 2
EXP(): It returns e raised to the power of number.
```
Syntax: SELECT EXP(1);
```
Output: 2.718281828459045
FLOOR(): It returns the largest integer value that is less than or equal to a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT FLOOR(25.75);
```
Output: 25
GREATEST(): It returns the greatest value in a list of expressions.
```
Syntax: SELECT GREATEST(30, 2, 36, 81, 125);
```
Output: 125
LEAST(): It returns the smallest value in a list of expressions.
```
Syntax: SELECT LEAST(30, 2, 36, 81, 125);
```
Output: 2
LN(): It returns the natural logarithm of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT LN(2);
```
Output: 0.6931471805599453
LOG10(): It returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT LOG(2);
```
Output: 0.6931471805599453
LOG2(): It returns the base-2 logarithm of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT LOG2(6);
```
Output: 2.584962500721156
MOD(): It returns the remainder of n divided by m.
```
Syntax: SELECT MOD(18, 4);
```
Output: 2
PI(): It returns the value of PI displayed with 6 decimal places.
```
Syntax: SELECT PI();
```
Output: 3.141593
POW(): It returns m raised to the nth power.
```
Syntax: SELECT POW(4, 2);
```
Output: 16
RADIANS(): It converts a value in degrees to radians.
```
Syntax: SELECT RADIANS(180);
```
Output: 3.141592653589793
RAND(): It returns a random number.
```
Syntax: SELECT RAND();
```
Output: 0.33623238684258644
ROUND(): It returns a number rounded to a certain number of decimal places.
```
Syntax: SELECT ROUND(5.553);
```
Output: 6
SIGN(): It returns a value indicating the sign of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT SIGN(255.5);
```
Output: 1
SIN(): It returns the sine of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT SIN(2);
```
Output: 0.9092974268256817
SQRT(): It returns the square root of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT SQRT(25);
```
Output: 5
TAN(): It returns the tangent of a number.
```
Syntax: SELECT TAN(1.75);
```
Output: -5.52037992250933
ATAN2(): It returns the arctangent of the x and y coordinates, as an angle and expressed in radians.
```
Syntax: SELECT ATAN2(7);
```
Output: 1.42889927219073
TRUNCATE(): This doesn’t work for SQL Server. It returns 7.53635 truncated to 2 places right of the decimal point.
```
Syntax: SELECT TRUNCATE(7.53635, 2);
```
Output: 7.53

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