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Spring Boot – CRUD Operations

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CRUD stands for Create, Read/Retrieve, Update, and Delete and these are the four basic operations that we perform on persistence storage. CRUD is data-oriented and the standardized use of HTTP methods or there is a term for this called HTTP action verbs. HTTP has a few action verbs or methods that work as CRUD operations and do note they are vital from a developmental point perspective in programming that also helps us relate better web development and also aids us while dealing with databases. In this article, we will be discussing the CRUD operations in Spring Boot, before that let us understand what are standard CRUD Operations:

  • POST: Creates a new resource
  • GET: Reads/Retrieve a resource
  • PUT: Updates an existing resource
  • DELETE: Deletes a resource

CRUD Operation

As the name suggests, 

  • CREATE Operation: Performs the INSERT statement to create a new record.
  • READ Operation: Reads table records based on the input parameter.
  • UPDATE Operation: Executes an update statement on the table. It is based on the input parameter.
  • DELETE Operation: Deletes a specified row in the table. It is also based on the input parameter.

So in this article, we are going to perform some basic CRUD Operations by creating a Spring Boot Application and using the H2 Database. So, here is a brief explanation of What’s Spring Boot and What’s H2 Database. 

Spring Boot

Spring Boot is built on the top of the spring and contains all the features of spring. And is becoming a favorite of developers these days because it’s a rapid production-ready environment that enables the developers to directly focus on the logic instead of struggling with the configuration and setup. Spring Boot is a microservice-based framework and making a production-ready application in it takes very little time.

H2 Database

H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in client-server mode. The main features of H2 are:

  • Very fast, open-source, JDBC API
  • Embedded and server modes; in-memory databases
  • Browser-based Console application
  • Small footprint: around 2.5 MB jar file size

Spring Boot CrudRepository

There is an interface available in Spring Boot named as CrudRepository that contains methods for CRUD operations. It provides generic Crud operation on a repository. It is defined in the package org.springframework.data.repository and It extends the Spring Data Repository interface. If someone wants to use CrudRepository in the spring boot application he/she has to create an interface and extend the CrudRepository interface. 

Illustration:

public interface DepartmentRepository extends CrudRepository<Department, Long> { }

Where:

  • Department: Domain type that repository manages (Generally the Entity/Model class name)
  • Long: Type of the id of the entity that repository manages (Generally the wrapper class of your @Id that is created inside the Entity/Model class)

Spring Boot JpaRepository

JPA stands for Java Persistence API. It is a specific extension of repository. JpaRepository defined in the package org.springframework.data.jpa.repository. It provides Jpa related methods such as flushing the persistence context and deleting records in a batch. JpaRepository contains APIs for basic CRUD operations, pagination and sorting. By using JpaRepository, we do not need to write DDL/DML queries instead we can use XML/annotations.

Syntax:

public interface JpaRepository<T, ID> 
extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T>

Spring Data Repository Interface

Spring-Data-Repository-Interface

Difference between CRUD Repository and Jpa Repository

CRUD Repository

JPA Repository

CRUD Repository extends Repository interface

JpaRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository.

It performs all CRUD operations. It has methods such as save(), saveAll(), findById(), findAll() etc.

It contains API of CrudRepository and PagingandSortingRepository. It has methods such as flush(), saveAllAndFlush(), deleteInBatch() etc.

CrudRepository works as a base interface.

JpaRepository extends both CrudRepository and PagingAndSortingRepository.

Syntax:

public interface CrudRepository<T, ID> extends Repository<T, ID>

Syntax:

public interface JpaRepository<T, ID> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T>

Example of Spring Boot – CRUD Operations

Step 1: Refer to this article How to Create a Spring Boot Project with IntelliJ IDEA and create a Spring Boot project. 

Step 2: Add the following dependency

  • Spring Web
  • H2 Database
  • Lombok
  • Spring Data JPA

Below is the complete code for the pom.xml file. Please check if you have missed something.

XML




<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.5</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.amiya</groupId>
    <artifactId>Spring-Boot-Demo-Project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Spring-Boot-Demo-Project</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
 
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>


Step 3: Create 4 packages and later create some classes and interfaces inside these packages as seen in the below image:

  • entity
  • repository
  • service
  • controller

Directory Structure

Note:

  • Green Rounded Icon ‘I’ Buttons are Interface
  • Blue Rounded Icon ‘C’ Buttons are Classes

Step 4: Inside the entity package

Create a simple POJO class inside the Department.java file. 

Example

Java




// Java Program to Illustrate Department.java File
 
// Importing required package modules
package com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.entity;
 
// Importing required classes
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 
@Entity
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
 
// Class
public class Department {
 
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long departmentId;
    private String departmentName;
    private String departmentAddress;
    private String departmentCode;
}


Step 5: Inside the repository package

Create a simple interface and name the interface as DepartmentRepository. This interface is going to extend the CrudRepository as we have discussed above. Below is the code for the DepartmentRepository.java file

Example

Java




package com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.repository;
 
import com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.entity.Department;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends CrudRepository<Department, Long> {
     
}


Step 6: Inside the service package

Inside the package create one interface named as DepartmentService and one class named as DepartmentServiceImpl.

Example 1

Java




// Java Program to Illustrate DepartmentService.java File
 
// Importing packages
package com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.service;
import com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.entity.Department;
// Importing required classes
import java.util.List;
 
// Class
public interface DepartmentService {
 
    // Save operation
    Department saveDepartment(Department department);
 
    // Read operation
    List<Department> fetchDepartmentList();
 
    // Update operation
    Department updateDepartment(Department department,
                                Long departmentId);
 
    // Delete operation
    void deleteDepartmentById(Long departmentId);
}


Below is the code for the DepartmentServiceImpl.java file

Example 2

Java




// Java Program to Illustrate DepartmentServiceImpl.java
// File
 
// Importing required packages
package com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.service;
 
import com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.entity.Department;
import com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.repository.DepartmentRepository;
// Importing required classes
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
// Annotation
@Service
// Class implementing DepartmentService class
public class DepartmentServiceImpl
    implements DepartmentService {
 
    @Autowired
    private DepartmentRepository departmentRepository;
 
    // Save operation
    @Override
    public Department saveDepartment(Department department)
    {
        return departmentRepository.save(department);
    }
 
    // Read operation
    @Override public List<Department> fetchDepartmentList()
    {
        return (List<Department>)
            departmentRepository.findAll();
    }
 
    // Update operation
    @Override
    public Department
    updateDepartment(Department department,
                     Long departmentId)
    {
 
        Department depDB
            = departmentRepository.findById(departmentId)
                  .get();
 
        if (Objects.nonNull(department.getDepartmentName())
            && !"".equalsIgnoreCase(
                department.getDepartmentName())) {
            depDB.setDepartmentName(
                department.getDepartmentName());
        }
 
        if (Objects.nonNull(
                department.getDepartmentAddress())
            && !"".equalsIgnoreCase(
                department.getDepartmentAddress())) {
            depDB.setDepartmentAddress(
                department.getDepartmentAddress());
        }
 
        if (Objects.nonNull(department.getDepartmentCode())
            && !"".equalsIgnoreCase(
                department.getDepartmentCode())) {
            depDB.setDepartmentCode(
                department.getDepartmentCode());
        }
 
        return departmentRepository.save(depDB);
    }
 
    // Delete operation
    @Override
    public void deleteDepartmentById(Long departmentId)
    {
        departmentRepository.deleteById(departmentId);
    }
}


Step 7: Inside the controller package

Inside the package create one class named as DepartmentController

Java




// Java Program to Illustrate DepartmentController.java File
 
// Importing packages modules
package com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.controller;
 
import com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.entity.Department;
import com.amiya.springbootdemoproject.service.DepartmentService;
import java.util.List;
// Importing required classes
import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
 
// Annotation
@RestController
// Class
public class DepartmentController {
 
    @Autowired private DepartmentService departmentService;
 
    // Save operation
    @PostMapping("/departments")
 
    public Department saveDepartment(
        @Valid @RequestBody Department department)
    {
        return departmentService.saveDepartment(department);
    }
 
    // Read operation
    @GetMapping("/departments")
 
    public List<Department> fetchDepartmentList()
    {
        return departmentService.fetchDepartmentList();
    }
 
    // Update operation
    @PutMapping("/departments/{id}")
 
    public Department
    updateDepartment(@RequestBody Department department,
                     @PathVariable("id") Long departmentId)
    {
        return departmentService.updateDepartment(
            department, departmentId);
    }
 
    // Delete operation
    @DeleteMapping("/departments/{id}")
 
    public String deleteDepartmentById(@PathVariable("id")
                                       Long departmentId)
    {
        departmentService.deleteDepartmentById(
            departmentId);
        return "Deleted Successfully";
    }
}


Step 8: Below is the code for the application.properties file

server.port = 8082
# H2 Database
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:dcbapp
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect

Now run your application and let’s test the endpoints in Postman and also refer to our H2 Database.

Testing the Endpoint in Postman

Endpoint 1: POST – http://localhost:8082/departments/

Endpoint 2: GET – http://localhost:8082/departments/

Endpoint 3: PUT – http://localhost:8082/departments/1

Endpoint 4: DELETE – http://localhost:8082/departments/1

Lastly, H2 Database is as depicted in the below media as follows:

H2_Database_image



Last Updated : 08 Nov, 2023
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