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Split numbers from 1 to N into two equal sum subsets

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Given an integer N, the task is to divide the numbers from 1 to N into two nonempty subsets such that the sum of elements in the set is equal. Print the element in the subset. If we can’t form any subset then print -1.

Examples:

Input N = 4 
Output: 
Size of subset 1 is: 2 
Elements of the subset are: 1 4 
Size of subset 2 is: 2 
Elements of the subset are: 2 3 
Explanation: 
The first and the second set have equal sum that is 5.

Input: N = 8 
Output: 
Size of subset 1 is: 4 
Elements of the subset are: 1 8 3 6 
Size of subset 2 is: 4 
Elements of the subset are: 2 7 4 5 
Explanation: 
The first and the second set have equal sum that is 18.

 

Approach: To solve the problem mentioned above we have to observe the three cases for integer N. Below are the observations: 

  1. Sum of First N natural numbers is odd: Solution is not possible and the answer will be -1. Because we can’t split the odd sum into 2 equal halfs.
  2. Sum of First N natural numbers is even: just loop from last element to first element and take the elements in the set-1 whose value is less than the half of sum , Maintain another set-2  to store the ans which are not included in set-1.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// function to display elements
void display(vector<int> &v) {
  for (auto i : v) {
    cout << i << " ";
  }
  cout << endl;
}
 
void FindAns(int n) {
 
  // sum of first n natural numbers
  int sum = n * (n + 1) / 2;
 
  // two array to store two sets
  vector<int> a, b;
 
  // if sum is odd then we can't split in two sets
  if (sum % 2 == 1) {
    cout << -1 << endl;
    return;
  }
  else {
    int ans = sum / 2; // for dividing into two sets
 
    // traverse from last element and include those who's values are less than or equal to ans
 
    for (int i = n; i >= 1; i--) {
 
      //  if we can include in our set then take it
      if (i <= ans) {
        a.push_back(i);
        ans -= i;
      }
      //  else move it to other set
      else {
        b.push_back(i);
      }
    }
    // print the elements of first set
    cout << "Size of subset 1 is : ";
    cout << a.size() << endl;
    cout << "Elements of subset are : ";
    display(a);
 
    // print the elements of second set
    cout << "Size of subset 2 is : ";
    cout << b.size() << endl;
    cout << "Elements of subset are : ";
    display(b);
  }
}
 
// Driver code
int main() {
  // Given number
  int n = 8;
 
  // function call
  FindAns(n);
 
  return 0;
}


Java




// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG{
     
// Function to print the two set
public static void findAns(int N)
{
    // Base case
    if (N <= 2)
    {
        System.out.print("-1");
        return;
    }
 
    // Sum of first numbers upto N
    int value = (N * (N + 1)) / 2;
       
    // Answer don't exist
      if(value&1)
    {
      System.out.print("-1");
      return;
    }
 
    // To store the first set
    Vector<Integer> v1 = new Vector<Integer>();
 
    // To store the second set
    Vector<Integer> v2 = new Vector<Integer>();
 
    // When N is even
    if ((N & 1) == 0)
    {
        int turn = 1;
        int start = 1;
        int last = N;
        while (start < last)
        {
            if (turn == 1)
            {
                v1.add(start);
                v1.add(last);
                turn = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                v2.add(start);
                v2.add(last);
                turn = 1;
            }
 
            // Increment start
            start++;
 
            // Decrement last
            last--;
        }
    }
 
    // When N is odd
    else
    {
         
        // Required sum of the subset
        int rem = value / 2;
 
        // Boolean array to keep
        // track of used elements
        boolean[] vis = new boolean[N + 1];
 
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
            vis[i] = false;
 
        vis[0] = true;
 
        // Iterate from N to 1
        for(int i = N; i >= 1; i--)
        {
            if (rem > i)
            {
                v1.add(i);
                vis[i] = true;
                rem -= i;
            }
            else
            {
                v1.add(rem);
                vis[rem] = true;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // Assigning the unused
        // elements to second subset
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            if (!vis[i])
                v2.add(i);
        }
    }
 
    // Print the elements of first set
    System.out.print("Size of subset 1 is: ");
    System.out.println(v1.size());
    System.out.print("Elements of the subset are: ");
     
    for(Integer c : v1)    
        System.out.print(c + " ");
         
    System.out.println();
 
    // Print the elements of second set
    System.out.print("Size of subset 2 is: ");
    System.out.println(v2.size());
    System.out.print("Elements of the subset are: ");
     
    for(Integer c : v2)    
        System.out.print(c + " ");
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Given Number
    int N = 8;
 
    // Function Call
    findAns(N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07


Python3




# Python3 program for the
# above approach
 
# Function to print
# the two set
def findAns(N):
 
    # Base case
    if (N <= 2):
        print ("-1")
        return
    
    # Sum of first numbers upto N
    value = (N * (N + 1)) // 2
 
    # Answer don't exist
    if(value & 1):
        print ("-1")
        return
   
    # To store the first set
    v1 = []
 
    # To store the second set
    v2 = []
 
    # When N is even
    if (not (N & 1)):
        turn = 1
        start = 1
        last = N
         
        while (start < last):
            if (turn):
                v1.append(start)
                v1.append(last)
                turn = 0           
            else:
                v2.append(start)
                v2.append(last)
                turn = 1
 
            # Increment start
            start += 1
 
            # Decrement last
            last -= 1
     
    # When N is odd
    else:
 
        # Required sum of
        # the subset
        rem = value // 2
 
        # Boolean array to keep
        # track of used elements
        vis = [False] * (N + 1)
 
        for i in range (1, N + 1):
            vis[i] = False
 
        vis[0] = True
 
        # Iterate from N to 1
        for i in range (N , 0, -1):
            if (rem > i):
                v1.append(i)
                vis[i] = True
                rem -= i           
            else:
                v1.append(rem)
                vis[rem] = True
                break
            
        # Assigning the unused
        # elements to second subset
        for i in range (1, N + 1):
            if (not vis[i]):
               v2.append(i)
 
    # Print the elements of
    # first set
    print ("Size of subset 1 is: ",
           end = "")
    print (len( v1))
    print ("Elements of the subset are: ",
           end = "")
     
    for c in v1:
      print (c, end = " ")
 
    print ()
 
    # Print the elements of
    # second set
    print ("Size of subset 2 is: ",
           end = "")
    print(len( v2))
    print ("Elements of the subset are: ",
           end = "")
     
    for c in v2:
       print (c, end = " ")
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
   
    # Given Number
    N = 8
 
    # Function Call
    findAns(N)
 
# This code is contributed by Chitranayal


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
     
// Function to print the two set
public static void findAns(int N)
{
     
    // Base case
    if (N <= 2)
    {
        Console.Write("-1");
        return;
    }
 
    // Sum of first numbers upto N
    int value = (N * (N + 1)) / 2;
   
    // Answer don't exist
    if(value&1)
    {
      Console.Write("-1");
      return;
    }
 
    // To store the first set
    List<int> v1 = new List<int>();
 
    // To store the second set
    List<int> v2 = new List<int>();
 
    // When N is even
    if ((N & 1) == 0)
    {
        int turn = 1;
        int start = 1;
        int last = N;
         
        while (start < last)
        {
            if (turn == 1)
            {
                v1.Add(start);
                v1.Add(last);
                turn = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                v2.Add(start);
                v2.Add(last);
                turn = 1;
            }
 
            // Increment start
            start++;
 
            // Decrement last
            last--;
        }
    }
 
    // When N is odd
    else
    {
         
        // Required sum of the subset
        int rem = value / 2;
 
        // Boolean array to keep
        // track of used elements
        bool[] vis = new bool[N + 1];
 
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
            vis[i] = false;
 
        vis[0] = true;
 
        // Iterate from N to 1
        for(int i = N; i >= 1; i--)
        {
            if (rem > i)
            {
                v1.Add(i);
                vis[i] = true;
                rem -= i;
            }
            else
            {
                v1.Add(rem);
                vis[rem] = true;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // Assigning the unused
        // elements to second subset
        for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            if (!vis[i])
                v2.Add(i);
        }
    }
 
    // Print the elements of first set
    Console.Write("Size of subset 1 is: ");
    Console.WriteLine(v1.Count);
    Console.Write("Elements of the subset are: ");
     
    foreach(int c in v1)    
        Console.Write(c + " ");
         
    Console.WriteLine();
 
    // Print the elements of second set
    Console.Write("Size of subset 2 is: ");
    Console.WriteLine(v2.Count);
    Console.Write("Elements of the subset are: ");
     
    foreach(int c in v2)    
        Console.Write(c + " ");
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Given number
    int N = 8;
 
    // Function call
    findAns(N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar


Javascript




<script>
// Javascript program for the above approach
 
// Function to print the two set
function findAns(N)
{
    // Base case
    if (N <= 2)
    {
        document.write("-1");
        return;
    }
  
    // Sum of first numbers upto N
    let value = Math.floor((N * (N + 1)) / 2);
        
    // Answer don't exist
      if(value&1)
    {
      document.write("-1");
      return;
    }
  
    // To store the first set
    let v1 = [];
  
    // To store the second set
    let v2 = [];
  
    // When N is even
    if ((N & 1) == 0)
    {
        let turn = 1;
        let start = 1;
        let last = N;
        while (start < last)
        {
            if (turn == 1)
            {
                v1.push(start);
                v1.push(last);
                turn = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                v2.push(start);
                v2.push(last);
                turn = 1;
            }
  
            // Increment start
            start++;
  
            // Decrement last
            last--;
        }
    }
  
    // When N is odd
    else
    {
          
        // Required sum of the subset
        let rem = Math.floor(value / 2);
  
        // Boolean array to keep
        // track of used elements
        let vis = new Array(N + 1);
  
        for(let i = 1; i <= N; i++)
            vis[i] = false;
  
        vis[0] = true;
  
        // Iterate from N to 1
        for(let i = N; i >= 1; i--)
        {
            if (rem > i)
            {
                v1.push(i);
                vis[i] = true;
                rem -= i;
            }
            else
            {
                v1.push(rem);
                vis[rem] = true;
                break;
            }
        }
  
        // Assigning the unused
        // elements to second subset
        for(let i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            if (!vis[i])
                v2.push(i);
        }
    }
  
    // Print the elements of first set
    document.write("Size of subset 1 is: ");
    document.write(v1.length+'<br>');
    document.write("Elements of the subset are: ");
      
    for(let c=0;c<v1.length;c++)   
        document.write(v1 + " ");
          
    document.write("<br>");
  
    // Print the elements of second set
    document.write("Size of subset 2 is: ");
    document.write(v2.length+"<br>");
    document.write("Elements of the subset are: ");
      
    for(let c=0;c< v2.length;c++)   
        document.write(v2 + " ");
}
 
// Driver code
// Given Number
let N = 8;
 
// Function Call
findAns(N);
 
 
// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155
</script>


Output

Size of subset 1 is : 3
Elements of subset are : 8 7 3 
Size of subset 2 is : 5
Elements of subset are : 6 5 4 2 1 

Time Complexity: O(N) 
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 25 Sep, 2023
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