Sort an array according to count of set bits

Given an array arr[] of positive integers, the task is to sort the array in decreasing order of count of set bits in binary representations of array elements.
For integers having same number of set bits in their binary representation, sort according to their position in the original array i.e., a stable sort. For example, if input array is {3, 5}, then output array should also be {3, 5}. Note that both 3 and 5 have same number set bits.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {5, 2, 3, 9, 4, 6, 7, 15, 32}
Output: 15 7 5 3 9 6 2 4 32
The integers in their binary representation are:
15 – 1111
7 – 0111
5 – 0101
3 – 0011
9 – 1001
6 – 0110
2 – 0010
4 – 0100
32 – 10000
Hence, the non-increasing sorted order is:
{15, 7, 5, 3, 9, 6, 2, 4, 32}

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
Output: 3 5 6 1 2 4

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Approach: We have already discussed the method of sorting based on set bit count in the previous section with various methods. This post contains implementation using maps.
As we know that a map/multimap stores data in sorted manner. So if we store (32 – countsetbits(arr[i])) for an arr[i] in map, then the output will come out in decreasing order of set bit count which is the desired output.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

// C++ implementation of the approach 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// function to sort the array according 
// to the number of set bits in elements 
void sortArr(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    multimap<int, int> map; 
  
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
        int count = 0; 
        int k = arr[i]; 
  
        // Counting no of setBits in arr[i] 
        while (k) { 
            k = k & k - 1; 
            count++; 
        } 
  
        // The count is subtracted from 32 
        // because the result needs 
        // to be in descending order 
        map.insert(make_pair(32 - count, arr[i])); 
    } 
  
    // Printing the numbers in descending 
    // order of set bit count 
    for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); it++) { 
        cout << (*it).second << " "; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = { 5, 2, 3, 9, 4, 6, 7, 15, 32 }; 
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); 
  
    sortArr(arr, n); 
  
    return 0; 
} 