Sophie Germain Prime

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 24 May, 2021

Write a program to print all Sophie Germain numbers for less than n. A prime number p is called a Sophie prime number if 2p+1 is also a prime number. The number 2p+1 is called a safe prime. For example, 11 is a prime number and 11*2 + 1 = 23 is also a prime number, so, 11 is Sophie Germain’s prime number. The first few Sophie German prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131, 173, 179…

Examples:

Input : 25
Output : 2 3 5 11 23

Here is the program to print Sophie Germain’s number below n.
The solution to this is simple. To obtain all the Sophie numbers below n we will make a loop till n and for each number in the loop we can check, whether that number and (2*number + 1), are both prime or not, and for checking this we have used Sieve of Eratosthenes method.

Below is the implementation of this approach.

C++

// CPP program to print all sophie german
// prime number till n.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// function to detect prime number
// here we have used sieve method
// https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
// to detect prime number
bool sieve(int n, bool prime[])
{
    for (int p = 2; p * p <= n; p++) {
 
        // If prime[p] is not changed, then
        // it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == true) {
 
            // Update all multiples of p
            for (int i = p * 2; i <= n; i += p)
                prime[i] = false;
        }
    }
}
 
void printSophieGermanNumber(int n)
{
    // We have made array till 2*n +1
    // so that we can check prime number
    // till that and conclude about sophie
    // german prime .
    bool prime[2 * n + 1];
    memset(prime, true, sizeof(prime));
    sieve(2 * n + 1, prime);
 
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
 
        // checking every i whether it is
        // sophie german prime or not.
        if (prime[i] && prime[2 * i + 1])
            cout << i << " ";       
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    int n = 25;
    printSophieGermanNumber(n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to print all
// sophie german prime number till n.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
     
class GFG {
     
    // function to detect prime number
    // here we have used sieve method
    // https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
    // to detect prime number
    static void sieve(int n, boolean prime[])
    {
        for (int p = 2; p * p <= n; p++) {
     
            // If prime[p] is not changed, then
            // it is a prime
            if (prime[p] == true) {
     
                // Update all multiples of p
                for (int i = p * 2; i < n; i += p)
                    prime[i] = false;
            }
        }
    }
     
    static void printSophieGermanNumber(int n)
    {
        // We have made array till 2*n +1
        // so that we can check prime number
        // till that and conclude about sophie
        // german prime .
        boolean prime[]=new boolean[2 * n + 1];
        Arrays.fill(prime,true);
        sieve(2 * n + 1, prime);
     
        for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i) {
     
            // checking every i whether it is
            // sophie german prime or not.
            if (prime[i] && prime[2 * i + 1])
                System.out.print( i + " ");    
        }
    }
     
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        int n = 25;
        printSophieGermanNumber(n);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed
// by Nikita Tiwari.

Python3

# Python 3 program to print all sophie
# german prime number till n.
 
# Function to detect prime number
# here we have used sieve method
# https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
# to detect prime number
def sieve(n, prime) :
    p = 2
    while( p * p <= n ):
        # If prime[p] is not changed, 
        # then it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == True) :
             
            # Update all multiples of p
            for i in range(p * 2, n, p) :
                prime[i] = False
                 
        p += 1
         
                 
def printSophieGermanNumber(n) :
    # We have made array till 2*n +1
    # so that we can check prime number
    # till that and conclude about sophie
    # german prime .
    prime = [True]*(2 * n + 1)
     
    sieve(2 * n + 1, prime)
 
    for i in range(2, n + 1) :
         
        # checking every i whether it is
        # sophie german prime or not.
        if (prime[i] and prime[2 * i + 1]) :
            print( i , end = " ")
             
 
# Driver Code
n = 25
printSophieGermanNumber(n)
 
 
# This code is contributed by Nikita Tiwari.

C#

// C# program to print
// all sophie german
// prime number till n.
using System;
     
class GFG
{
     
    // function to detect prime
    // number here we have used
    // sieve method
    // https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
    // to detect prime number
    static void sieve(int n,
                      bool []prime)
    {
        for (int p = 2;
                 p * p <= n; p++)
        {
     
            // If prime[p] is
            // not changed, then
            // it is a prime
            if (prime[p] == true)
            {
     
                // Update all multiples of p
                for (int i = p * 2;
                         i < n; i += p)
                    prime[i] = false;
            }
        }
    }
     
    static void printSophieGermanNumber(int n)
    {
        // We have made array till
        // 2*n +1 so that we can
        // check prime number till
        // that and conclude about
        // sophie german prime .
        bool []prime = new bool[2 * n + 1];
        for (int i = 0;
                 i < prime.Length; i++)
        {
            prime[i] = true;
        }
        sieve(2 * n + 1, prime);
     
        for (int i = 2; i < n; ++i)
        {
     
            // checking every i whether
            // it is sophie german prime
            // or not.
            if (prime[i] && prime[2 * i + 1])
                Console.Write( i + " ");    
        }
    }    
     
    // Driver code
    static void Main()
    {
        int n = 25;
        printSophieGermanNumber(n);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by
// Manish Shaw(manishshaw1)

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to print
// all sophie german
// prime number till n.
 
// function to detect prime
// number here we have used
// sieve method
// https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
// to detect prime number
function sieve($n, &$prime)
{
    for ($p = 2;
         $p * $p <= $n; $p++)
    {
 
        // If prime[p] is
        // not changed, then
        // it is a prime
        if ($prime[$p] == true)
        {
 
            // Update all
            // multiples of p
            for ($i = $p * 2;
                 $i <= $n; $i += $p)
                $prime[$i] = false;
        }
    }
}
 
function printSophieGermanNumber($n)
{
    // We have made array till
    // 2*n +1 so that we can
    // check prime number till
    // that and conclude about
    // sophie german prime .
    $prime = array();
    for($i = 0;
        $i < (2 * $n + 1); $i++)
        $prime[$i] = true;
 
    sieve(2 * $n + 1, $prime);
 
    for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; ++$i)
    {
 
        // checking every i
        // whether it is sophie
        // german prime or not.
        if ($prime[$i] &&
            $prime[2 * $i + 1])
            echo ($i . " ");    
    }
}
 
// Driver code
$n = 25;
printSophieGermanNumber($n);
 
// This code is contributed by
// Manish Shaw(manishshaw1)
?>

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program to print
// all sophie german
// prime number till n.
 
// function to detect prime
// number here we have used
// sieve method
// https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sieve-of-eratosthenes/
// to detect prime number
function sieve(n, prime)
{
    for (let p = 2; p * p <= n; p++)
    {
 
        // If prime[p] is
        // not changed, then
        // it is a prime
        if (prime[p] == true)
        {
 
            // Update all
            // multiples of p
            for (let i = p * 2;
                i <= n; i += p)
                prime[i] = false;
        }
    }
}
 
function printSophieGermanNumber(n)
{
    // We have made array till
    // 2*n +1 so that we can
    // check prime number till
    // that and conclude about
    // sophie german prime .
    let prime = new Array();
    for(let i = 0; i < (2 * n + 1); i++)
        prime[i] = true;
 
    sieve(2 * n + 1, prime);
 
    for (let i = 2; i <= n; ++i)
    {
 
        // checking every i
        // whether it is sophie
        // german prime or not.
        if (prime[i] &&
            prime[2 * i + 1])
            document.write(i + " ");   
    }
}
 
// Driver code
let n = 25;
printSophieGermanNumber(n);
 
// This code is contributed by
// gfgking
</script>

Output :

2 3 5 11 23

Application of Sophie Prime Numbers :

1. It is used in cryptography as safe primes become factors of a secret key in RSA cryptosystem.
2. In the first version of the AKS Primality Test, it is used to lower the worst case complexity .
3. It is used in the generation of Pseudo Random Number .

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Sophie Germain Prime

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

Javascript