Shuffle 2n integers as a1-b1-a2-b2-a3-b3-..bn without using extra space

We have an array of the form {a0, a1, a2….., an, b0, b1, b2, …..bn} and our task is to rearrange the same in theform given below by using O(1) space-
{a0, b0, a1, b1, a2, b2………..an, bn}

Examples:

Input : arr[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 8}
Output : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Input : arr[] = {11, 13, 15, 12, 14, 16}
Output : {11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16}

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

We have already discussed two approaches-

As we can see we have to transform the array so there must be an even size array.To rearrange the array we will start from the middle of the array and each time we will shift 1 element of the second half to left at it’s desired position. This algorithm will take O(n^2).

Algorithm-

1- Take the input array
2- If size is null or odd return
3- find the middle index of the array
4- While (midindex>0)
    set count = midindex and 
        swapindex = midindex
    while (count-->0){
      swap(swapindex+1, swapindedx)
      swapindex++
    }
    midindex--
5- End

Working-

array- 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8
1st Loop- 1 2 3 5 7 4 6 8
2nd Loop- 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8
3rd loop- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

C++

// CPP program to shuffle an array in 
// the form of a1, b1, a2, b2,... 
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 
  
// function to rearrange the array 
void rearrange(int arr[], int n)  
{ 
  
    // if size is null or odd return because it 
    // is not possible to rearrange 
    if (arr == NULL || n % 2 == 1) 
        return; 
  
    // start from the middle index 
    int currIdx = (n - 1) / 2; 
  
    // each time we will set two elements from the  
    // start to the valid position by swapping 
    while (currIdx > 0) 
    { 
        int count = currIdx, swapIdx = currIdx; 
      
        while (count-- > 0)  
        { 
            int temp = arr[swapIdx + 1]; 
            arr[swapIdx + 1] = arr[swapIdx]; 
            arr[swapIdx] = temp; 
            swapIdx++; 
        } 
          
        currIdx--; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver Program 
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = {1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6}; 
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); 
    rearrange(arr, n); 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
    cout << " " << arr[i]; 
  
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Smitha Dinesh Semwal 

Java

// Java program to shuffle an array in 
// the form of a1, b1, a2, b2,... 
import java.io.*; 
  
class GFG { 
  
  // function to rearrange the array 
  public static void rearrange(int[] arr) { 
  
    // if size is null or odd return because it 
    // is not possible to rearrange 
    if (arr == null || arr.length % 2 == 1) 
      return; 
  
    // start from the middle index 
    int currIdx = (arr.length - 1) / 2; 
  
    // each time we will set two elements from the  
    // start to the valid position by swapping 
    while (currIdx > 0) { 
      int count = currIdx, swapIdx = currIdx; 
  
      while (count-- > 0) { 
        int temp = arr[swapIdx + 1]; 
        arr[swapIdx + 1] = arr[swapIdx]; 
        arr[swapIdx] = temp; 
        swapIdx++; 
      } 
      currIdx--; 
    } 
  } 
  
  public static void main(String[] args) { 
    int arr[] = {1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6}; 
    rearrange(arr); 
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) 
      System.out.print(" " + arr[i]); 
  } 
} 

Python3

# Python program to shuffle  
# an array in the form  
# of a1, b1, a2, b2,... 
  
arr = [1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6] 
  
# function to 
# rearrange the array 
def rearrange(n) : 
  
    global arr 
      
    # if size is null or  
    # odd return because  
    # it is not possible  
    # to rearrange 
    if (n % 2 == 1) : 
        return
  
    # start from the 
    # middle index 
    currIdx = int((n - 1) / 2) 
  
    # each time we will set  
    # two elements from the  
    # start to the valid  
    # position by swapping 
    while (currIdx > 0) : 
      
        count = currIdx 
        swapIdx = currIdx 
      
        while (count > 0) :  
          
            temp = arr[swapIdx + 1] 
            arr[swapIdx + 1] = arr[swapIdx] 
            arr[swapIdx] = temp 
            swapIdx = swapIdx + 1
            count = count - 1    
          
        currIdx = currIdx - 1
  
# Driver Code 
n = len(arr) 
rearrange(n) 
for i in range(0, n) : 
    print ("{} " . format(arr[i]),  
                        end = "") 
      
# This code is contributed by  
# Manish Shaw(manishshaw1) 

C#

// C# program to shuffle an array in 
// the form of a1, b1, a2, b2,... 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
      
    // function to rearrange the array 
    public static void rearrange(int[] arr) 
    { 
      
        // if size is null or odd return  
        // because it is not possible to 
        // rearrange 
        if (arr == null || arr.Length % 2 == 1) 
            return; 
      
        // start from the middle index 
        int currIdx = (arr.Length - 1) / 2; 
      
        // each time we will set two elements 
        // from the start to the valid position  
        // by swapping 
        while (currIdx > 0) { 
            int count = currIdx, swapIdx = currIdx; 
          
            while (count-- > 0) { 
                int temp = arr[swapIdx + 1]; 
                arr[swapIdx + 1] = arr[swapIdx]; 
                arr[swapIdx] = temp; 
                swapIdx++; 
            } 
              
            currIdx--; 
        } 
    } 
      
    // Driver Program 
    public static void Main() { 
          
        int []arr = {1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6}; 
          
        rearrange(arr); 
          
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) 
            Console.Write(" " + arr[i]); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by vt_m. 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to shuffle  
// an array in the form  
// of a1, b1, a2, b2,... 
  
// function to 
// rearrange the array 
function rearrange(&$arr, $n)  
{ 
    // if size is null or  
    // odd return because  
    // it is not possible  
    // to rearrange 
    if ($arr == NULL || 
        $n % 2 == 1) 
        return; 
  
    // start from the 
    // middle index 
    $currIdx = intval(($n - 1) / 2); 
  
    // each time we will set  
    // two elements from the  
    // start to the valid  
    // position by swapping 
    while ($currIdx > 0) 
    { 
        $count = $currIdx; 
        $swapIdx = $currIdx; 
      
        while ($count-- > 0)  
        { 
            $temp = $arr[$swapIdx + 1]; 
            $arr[$swapIdx + 1] = $arr[$swapIdx]; 
            $arr[$swapIdx] = $temp; 
            $swapIdx++; 
        } 
          
        $currIdx--; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
$arr = array(1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6); 
$n = count($arr); 
rearrange($arr, $n); 
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) 
    echo ($arr[$i] . " "); 
      
// This code is contributed by  
// Manish Shaw(manishshaw1) 
?> 

Output:

1 2 3 4 5 6

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

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