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Shortest root to leaf path sum equal to a given number

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Given a binary tree and a number, the task is to return the length of the shortest path beginning at the root and ending at a leaf node such that the sum of numbers along that path is equal to ‘sum’. Print “-1” if no such path exists. 

Examples: 

Input: 
                 1
             /       \ 
          10         15 
       /      \     
     5        2 
Number = 16 
Output: 2 

There are two paths: 
1->15, length of path is 3
1->10->5, length of path is 2 

Input:
                 1
             /       \ 
          10         15 
       /      \     
     5        2 
Number = 20
Output: -1 
There exists no such path with 20 as sum from root to any node 

Source: Microsoft Interview

Approach: An approach to check whether such a path exists or not has been discussed in this post. The below steps can be followed to find the shortest path. 

  • Recursively call the left and right child with path sum and level to ( number – value at the current node, level+1).
  • If the leaf node is reached, then store the minimum of all the levels of the leaf node.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++




// C++ implementation of the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
/* A binary tree node has data, pointer to left child
and a pointer to right child */
struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* left;
    struct Node* right;
};
 
// Function to find the shortes path from root
// to leaf with given sum
void hasPathSum(struct Node* node, int sum,
                int& mini, int level)
{
    // went beyond tree
    if (node == NULL)
        return;
    int subSum = sum - (node->data);
    if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL) {
        // Store the minimum path
        if (subSum == 0)
            mini = min(level - 1, mini);
        return;
    }
 
    else {
        // Recur in the left tree
        hasPathSum(node->left, subSum, mini, level + 1);
 
        // Recur in the right tree
        hasPathSum(node->right, subSum, mini, level + 1);
    }
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the
given data and NULL left and right pointers. */
struct Node* newnode(int data)
{
    struct Node* node = new Node;
    node->data = data;
    node->left = NULL;
    node->right = NULL;
 
    return (node);
}
 
/* Driver program to test above functions*/
int main()
{
 
    int sum = 16;
 
    /* Constructed binary tree is
         
                 1
             /       \
          10         15
       /      \    
     5        2
*/
    struct Node* root = newnode(1);
    root->left = newnode(10);
    root->right = newnode(15);
    root->left->left = newnode(5);
    root->left->right = newnode(2);
 
    int mini = INT_MAX;
 
    // Function call
    hasPathSum(root, sum, mini, 0);
 
    if (mini != INT_MAX)
        printf("There is a root-to-leaf path with sum %d\n"
               "and the shortest path length is: %d",
               sum, mini + 1);
    else
        printf("There is no root-to-leaf path with sum %d", sum);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java implementation of the above approach
class GFG
{
 
static int mini;
 
/* A binary tree node has data, pointer to left child
and a pointer to right child */
static class Node
{
    int data;
    Node left;
    Node right;
};
 
// Function to find the shortes path from root
// to leaf with given sum
static void hasPathSum(Node node, int sum,
                int level)
{
    // went beyond tree
    if (node == null)
        return;
    int subSum = sum - (node.data);
    if (node.left == null && node.right == null)
    {
        // Store the minimum path
        if (subSum == 0)
            mini = Math.min(level - 1, mini);
        return;
    }
 
    else
    {
        // Recur in the left tree
        hasPathSum(node.left, subSum, level + 1);
 
        // Recur in the right tree
        hasPathSum(node.right, subSum, level + 1);
    }
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the
given data and null left and right pointers. */
static Node newnode(int data)
{
    Node node = new Node();
    node.data = data;
    node.left = null;
    node.right = null;
 
    return (node);
}
 
/* Driver code*/
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int sum = 16;
 
    /* Constructed binary tree is
         
                1
            / \
        10     15
    / \
    5 2
*/
    Node root = newnode(1);
    root.left = newnode(10);
    root.right = newnode(15);
    root.left.left = newnode(5);
    root.left.right = newnode(2);
 
    mini = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 
    // Function call
    hasPathSum(root, sum, 0);
 
    if (mini != Integer.MAX_VALUE)
        System.out.printf("There is a root-to-leaf path with sum %d\n"
            +"and the shortest path length is: %d"
                        ,sum, mini + 1);
    else
        System.out.printf("There is no root-to-leaf path with sum %d", sum);
 
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh


Python3




# Python3 implementation of the above approach
 
INT_MAX = 2147483647
 
""" A binary tree node has data, pointer
to left child and a pointer to right child """
 
"""UTILITY FUNCTIONS
Helper function that allocates a new node
with the given data and NULL left and right
pointers."""
class newnode:
 
    # Construct to create a newNode
    def __init__(self, key):
        self.data = key
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
# Function to find the shortes path
# from root to leaf with given summ
def hasPathSum(node, summ, mini, level) :
 
    # check if leaf node and check summ
    if (node == None) :
        return
    subsumm = summ - node.data
     
    if(node.left == None and node.right == None):
        # Store the minimum path
        if (subsumm == 0) :
            mini[0] = min(level - 1, mini[0])
        return
     
    else:
         
 
        # Recur in the left tree
        hasPathSum(node.left, subsumm,
                    mini, level + 1)
 
        # Recur in the right tree
        hasPathSum(node.right, subsumm,
                    mini, level + 1)
     
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    summ = 16
 
    """ Constructed binary tree is
         
                1
            /     \
        10         15
         
    /     \           \
    5     2         15
    """
    root = newnode(1)
    root.left = newnode(10)
    root.right = newnode(15)
    root.left.left = newnode(5)
    root.left.right = newnode(2)
 
    mini = [INT_MAX]
 
    # Function call
    hasPathSum(root, summ, mini, 0)
 
    if (mini[0] != INT_MAX) :
        print("There is a root-to-leaf path",
                        "with sum", summ)
        print("and the shortest path length is:",
                                        mini[0] + 1)
    else:
        print("There is no root-to-leaf path",
                            "with sum ", summ)
 
# This code is contributed by
# Shubham Singh(SHUBHAMSINGH10)


C#




// C# implementation of the above approach
using System;
     
class GFG
{
 
static int mini;
 
/* A binary tree node has data, pointer to left child
and a pointer to right child */
public class Node
{
    public int data;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
};
 
// Function to find the shortes path from root
// to leaf with given sum
static void hasPathSum(Node node, int sum,
                int level)
{
    // went beyond tree
    if (node == null)
        return;
    int subSum = sum - (node.data);
    if (node.left == null && node.right == null)
    {
        // Store the minimum path
        if (subSum == 0)
            mini = Math.Min(level - 1, mini);
        return;
    }
 
    else
    {
        // Recur in the left tree
        hasPathSum(node.left, subSum, level + 1);
 
        // Recur in the right tree
        hasPathSum(node.right, subSum, level + 1);
    }
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the
given data and null left and right pointers. */
static Node newnode(int data)
{
    Node node = new Node();
    node.data = data;
    node.left = null;
    node.right = null;
 
    return (node);
}
 
/* Driver code*/
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int sum = 16;
 
    /* Constructed binary tree is
         
                1
            / \
        10     15
    / \
    5 2
*/
    Node root = newnode(1);
    root.left = newnode(10);
    root.right = newnode(15);
    root.left.left = newnode(5);
    root.left.right = newnode(2);
 
    mini = int.MaxValue;
 
    // Function call
    hasPathSum(root, sum, 0);
 
    if (mini != int.MaxValue)
        Console.Write("There is a root-to-leaf path with sum {0}\n"
            +"and the shortest path length is: {1}"
                        ,sum, mini + 1);
    else
        Console.Write("There is no root-to-leaf path with sum {0}", sum);
 
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript implementation of the
// above approach
 
    /*
     * A binary tree node has data,
     pointer to left child and a pointer to right
     * child
     */
 
class Node {
        constructor() {
            this.data = 0;
            this.left = null;
            this.right = null;
        }
    }
 
    // Function to find the shortes path from root
    // to leaf with given sum
    function hasPathSum(node , sum , level) {
        // went beyond tree
        if (node == null)
            return;
        var subSum = sum - (node.data);
        if (node.left == null && node.right == null) {
            // Store the minimum path
            if (subSum == 0)
                mini = Math.min(level - 1, mini);
            return;
        }
 
        else {
            // Recur in the left tree
            hasPathSum(node.left, subSum, level + 1);
 
            // Recur in the right tree
            hasPathSum(node.right, subSum, level + 1);
        }
    }
 
    /* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
    /*
     * Helper function that allocates a new node with
     the given data and null left
     * and right pointers.
     */
    function newnode(data) {
        var node = new Node();
        node.data = data;
        node.left = null;
        node.right = null;
 
        return (node);
    }
 
    /* Driver code */
     
        var sum = 16;
 
        /*
         * Constructed binary tree is
         *
         * 1
         / \
        10 15
        / \
        5 2
         */
        var root = newnode(1);
        root.left = newnode(10);
        root.right = newnode(15);
        root.left.left = newnode(5);
        root.left.right = newnode(2);
 
        mini = Number.MAX_VALUE;
 
        // Function call
        hasPathSum(root, sum, 0);
 
        if (mini != Number.MAX_VALUE)
            document.write(
        "There is a root-to-leaf path with sum "+sum+"<br/>" +
        "and the shortest path length is: "+(mini + 1));
        else
            document.write(
            "There is no root-to-leaf path with sum "+ sum
            );
 
 
// This code is contributed by todaysgaurav
 
</script>


Output

There is a root-to-leaf path with sum 16
and the shortest path length is: 1

Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity: O(N), as we are using recursion to traverse all the nodes of the tree. Where N is the number of nodes in the tree.
  • Auxiliary Space: O(1), as we are not using any extra space.


Last Updated : 13 Sep, 2022
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