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Set all even bits of a number

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Given a number, the task is to set all even bits of a number. Positions of bits are counted from LSB (least significant bit) to MSB (Most significant bit). The position of LSB is considered as 1.

Examples : 

Input : 20 
Output : 30
Binary representation of 20 is
10100. After setting
even bits, we get 11110

Input : 10
Output : 10

Method 1:

  1. First, generate a number that contains even position bits. 
  2. Take OR with the original number. Note that 1 | 1 = 1 and 1 | 0 = 1.

Let’s understand this approach with the below code.

C++




// Simple CPP program to set all even
// bits of a number
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Sets even bits of n and returns
// modified number.
int evenbitsetnumber(int n)
{
    // Generate 101010...10 number and
    // store in res.
    int count = 0, res = 0;
    for (int temp = n; temp > 0; temp >>= 1) {
 
        // if bit is even then generate
        // number and or with res
        if (count % 2 == 1)
            res |= (1 << count);
 
        count++;
    }
 
    // return OR number
    return (n | res);
}
 
int main()
{
    int n = 10;
    cout << evenbitsetnumber(n);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Simple Java program to set all even
// bits of a number
class GFG
{
    // Sets even bits of n and returns
    // modified number.
    static int evenbitsetnumber(int n)
    {
        // Generate 101010...10 number and
        // store in res.
        int count = 0, res = 0;
        for (int temp = n; temp > 0; temp >>= 1) {
            
            // if bit is even then generate
            // number and or with res
            if (count % 2 == 1)
            res |= (1 << count);
 
        count++;
        }
         
        // return OR number
        return (n | res);
         
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int n = 4;
         System.out.println(evenbitsetnumber(n));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed
// by  prerna saini.


Python3




# Simple Python program to set all even
# bits of a number
 
# Sets even bits of n and returns
# modified number.
def evenbitsetnumber(n):
 
    # Generate 101010...10 number and
    # store in res.
    count = 0
    res = 0
    temp = n
    while(temp > 0):
 
        # if bit is even then generate
        # number and or with res
        if (count % 2 == 1):
            res |= (1 << count)
 
        count+=1
        temp >>= 1
         
    # return OR number
    return (n | res)
 
n = 10
print(evenbitsetnumber(n))
 
# This code is contributed
# by Smitha Dinesh Semwal


C#




// Simple C# program to set
// all even bits of a number
using System;
 
class GFG
{
    // Sets even bits of n and
    // returns modified number.
    static int evenbitsetnumber(int n) {
     
        // Generate 101010...10 number
        //  and store in res.
        int count = 0, res = 0;
        for (int temp = n; temp > 0; temp >>= 1) {
             
            // if bit is even then generate
            // number and or with res
            if (count % 2 == 1)
            res |= (1 << count);
 
        count++;
        }
         
        // return OR number
        return (n | res);
         
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int n = 4;
        Console.WriteLine(evenbitsetnumber(n));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by vt_m.


PHP




<?php
// Simple php program to set
// all even bits of a number
 
// Sets even bits of n and
// returns  modified number.
function evenbitsetnumber($n)
{
     
    // Generate 101010...10 number
    // and store in res.
    $count = 0;
    $res = 0;
    for ($temp = $n; $temp > 0; $temp >>= 1)
    {
 
        // if bit is even then generate
        // number and or with res
        if ($count % 2 == 1)
            $res |= (1 << $count);
 
        $count++;
    }
 
    // return OR number
    return ($n | $res);
}
 
    //Driver Code
    $n = 10;
    echo evenbitsetnumber($n);
 
//This Code is contributed by mits
?>


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript program to set all even
// bits of a number
 
// Sets even bits of n and returns
// modified number.
function evenbitsetnumber(n)
{
     
    // Generate 101010...10 number and
    // store in res.
    let count = 0, res = 0;
    for(let temp = n; temp > 0; temp >>= 1)
    {
         
        // If bit is even then generate
        // number and or with res
        if (count % 2 == 1)
            res |= (1 << count);
             
        count++;
    }
     
    // Return OR number
    return (n | res);
}
 
// Driver Code
let n = 10;
 
document.write(evenbitsetnumber(n));
 
// This code is contributed by avijitmondal1998
 
</script>


Output

10

Method 2 (A O(1) solution for 32 bit numbers) 

C++




// Efficient CPP program to set all even
// bits of a number
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// return msb set number
int getmsb(int n)
{
 
    // set all bits
    n |= n >> 1;
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // return msb
    // increment n by 1
    // and shift by 1
    return (n + 1) >> 1;
}
 
// return even set number
int getevenbits(int n)
{
 
    // get msb here
    n = getmsb(n);
 
    // generate even bits like 101010..
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // if bits is odd then shift by 1
    if (n & 1)
        n = n >> 1;
 
    // return even set bits number
    return n;
}
 
// set all even bits here
int setallevenbits(int n)
{
    // take or with even set bits number
    return n | getevenbits(n);
}
 
int main()
{
    int n = 10;
    cout << setallevenbits(n);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Efficient Java program to
// set all even bits of a number
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG
{
     
// return msb set number
static int getmsb(int n)
{
 
    // set all bits
    n |= n >> 1;
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // return msb
    // increment n by 1
    // and shift by 1
    return (n + 1) >> 1;
}
 
// return even set number
static int getevenbits(int n)
{
 
    // get msb here
    n = getmsb(n);
 
    // generate even
    // bits like 101010..
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // if bits is odd
    // then shift by 1
    if ((n & 1) == 1)
        n = n >> 1;
 
    // return even
    // set bits number
    return n;
}
 
// set all even bits here
static int setallevenbits(int n)
{
    // take or with even
    // set bits number
    return n | getevenbits(n);
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main (String[] args)
{
    int n = 10;
    System.out.println(setallevenbits(n));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by ajit


Python3




# Efficient Python 3
# program to set all even
# bits of a number
 
# return msb set number
def getmsb(n):
 
    # set all bits
    n |= n >> 1
    n |= n >> 2
    n |= n >> 4
    n |= n >> 8
    n |= n >> 16
 
    # return msb
    # increment n by 1
    # and shift by 1
    return (n + 1) >> 1
 
 
# return even set number
def getevenbits(n):
   
    # get msb here
    n = getmsb(n)
 
    # generate even bits like 101010..
    n |= n >> 2
    n |= n >> 4
    n |= n >> 8
    n |= n >> 16
 
    # if bits is odd then shift by 1
    if (n & 1):
        n = n >> 1
 
    # return even set bits number
    return n
  
 
# set all even bits here
def setallevenbits(n):
     
    # take or with even set bits number
    return n | getevenbits(n)
  
n = 10
print(setallevenbits(n))
 
# This code is contributed by
# Smitha Dinesh Semwal


C#




// Efficient C# program to
// set all even bits of a number
using System;
 
class GFG
{
     
// return msb set number
static int getmsb(int n)
{
 
    // set all bits
    n |= n >> 1;
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // return msb
    // increment n by 1
    // and shift by 1
    return (n + 1) >> 1;
}
 
// return even set number
static int getevenbits(int n)
{
 
    // get msb here
    n = getmsb(n);
 
    // generate even
    // bits like 101010..
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // if bits is odd
    // then shift by 1
    if ((n & 1) == 1)
        n = n >> 1;
 
    // return even
    // set bits number
    return n;
}
 
// set all even bits here
static int setallevenbits(int n)
{
    // take or with even
    // set bits number
    return n | getevenbits(n);
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main ()
{
    int n = 10;
 
    Console.WriteLine(setallevenbits(n));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by aj_36


PHP




<?php
// Efficient php program to set
// all even bits of a number
 
// return msb set number
function getmsb($n)
{
 
    // set all bits
    $n |= $n >> 1;
    $n |= $n >> 2;
    $n |= $n >> 4;
    $n |= $n >> 8;
    $n |= $n >> 16;
 
    // return msb
    // increment n by 1
    // and shift by 1
    return ($n + 1) >> 1;
}
 
// return even set number
function getevenbits($n)
{
 
    // get msb here
    $n = getmsb($n);
 
    // generate even bits
    // like 101010..
    $n |= $n >> 2;
    $n |= $n >> 4;
    $n |= $n >> 8;
    $n |= $n >> 16;
 
    // if bits is odd then
    // shift by 1
    if ($n & 1)
        $n = $n >> 1;
 
    // return even set
    // bits number
    return $n;
}
 
// set all even bits here
function setallevenbits($n)
{
    // take or with even
    // set bits number
    return $n | getevenbits($n);
}
 
    //Driver code
    $n = 10;
    echo setallevenbits($n);
 
//This code is contributed by mits
?>


Javascript




<script>
 
// Efficient Javascript program to
// set all even bits of a number
 
// Return msb set number
function getmsb(n)
{
     
    // Set all bits
    n |= n >> 1;
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // Return msb
    // increment n by 1
    // and shift by 1
    return (n + 1) >> 1;
}
 
// Return even set number
function getevenbits(n)
{
     
    // Get msb here
    n = getmsb(n);
 
    // Generate even
    // bits like 101010..
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;
 
    // If bits is odd
    // then shift by 1
    if ((n & 1) == 1)
        n = n >> 1;
 
    // Return even
    // set bits number
    return n;
}
 
// Set all even bits here
function setallevenbits(n)
{
     
    // Take or with even
    // set bits number
    return n | getevenbits(n);
}
 
// Driver code
let n = 10;
 
document.write(setallevenbits(n));
 
// This code is contributed by decode2207 
 
</script>


Output

10

Method 3: Using bit mask
To set a bit, we can take OR of 1 and that bit (as 1 | 1 = 1, and 1 | 0 = 1). Therefore, to set all odd bits of an n-bit number, we need to use a bit mask which is an n-bit binary number with all odd bits set. This mask can be generated in 1 step using the formula of sum of a geometric progression, as an n bit number …1010 is equal to 21 + 23 + 25 + …. 2 (n – !(n % 1)) .

Approach:

  1. Calculate the number of bits using log2(number)
  2. Calculate the largest power m, of the GP series using the formula  (numOfBits – !(numOfBits % 1)).
  3. Calculate the value of the mask using the formula:  a × (r m + 1 – 1) / (r – 1).
  4. Perform the setting operation using number | mask.

C++




// Simple CPP program to set all even
// bits of a number
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
//function to set all the even bits
long long int setEvenBits(long long int n) {
    //calculating number of bits using log
    int numOfBits = 1 + (int)log2(n);
      //if there is only one bit,
      if (numOfBits == 1)
          return n;
           
    //calculating the max power of GP series
    int m = (numOfBits - !(numOfBits % 1)) / 2 ;
     
    //calculating mask using GP sum
      //which is a(r ^ n - 1) / (r - 1)
      //where a = 2, r = 4, n = m
       
    int mask = (2 * ((1 << (2 * m)) - 1)) / 3;
     
    //toggling all even bits using mask | n
    return mask | n;
    }
 
//Driver Code
int main()
{
    int n = 102121;
    cout << setEvenBits(n);
    return 0;
}
 
//This approach is contributed by phasing17


Java




// Simple Java program to set all even
// bits of a number
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
 
  // function to set all the even bits
  static int setEvenBits(int n)
  {
 
    // calculating number of bits using log
    int numOfBits
      = 1 + (int)(Math.log(n) / Math.log(2));
     
    // if there is only one bit,
    if (numOfBits == 1)
      return n;
 
    // calculating the max power of GP series
    int m = (numOfBits - 1 ^ (numOfBits % 1)) / 2;
 
    // calculating mask using GP sum
    // which is a(r ^ n - 1) / (r - 1)
    // where a = 2, r = 4, n = m
 
    int mask = (2 * ((1 << (2 * m)) - 1)) / 3;
 
    // toggling all even bits using mask | n
    return mask | n;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    int n = 102121;
    System.out.println(setEvenBits(n));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17


Python3




# Simple Python3 program to set all even
# bits of a number
from math import log
 
# function to set all the even bits
def setEvenBits(n):
 
    # calculating number of bits using log
    numOfBits = 1 + int(log(n, 2))
 
    # if there is only one bit,
    if numOfBits == 1:
        return n
 
    # calculating the max power of GP series
    m = int((numOfBits - 1 ^ (numOfBits % 1)) / 2)
 
    # calculating mask using GP sum
    # which is a(r ^ n - 1) / (r - 1)
    # where a = 2, r = 4, n = m
    mask = int((2 * ((1 << (2 * m)) - 1)) / 3)
 
    # toggling all even bits using mask | n
    return mask | n
 
# Driver Code
n = 102121
print(setEvenBits(n))
 
# This code is contributed by phasing17


C#




// Simple C# program to set all even
// bits of a number
using System;
 
class GFG
{
 
  // function to set all the even bits
  static int setEvenBits(int n)
  {
 
    // calculating number of bits using log
    int numOfBits
      = 1 + (int)(Math.Log(n) / Math.Log(2));
    // if there is only one bit,
    if (numOfBits == 1)
      return n;
 
    // calculating the max power of GP series
    int m = (numOfBits - 1 ^ (numOfBits % 1)) / 2;
 
    // calculating mask using GP sum
    // which is a(r ^ n - 1) / (r - 1)
    // where a = 2, r = 4, n = m
 
    int mask = (2 * ((1 << (2 * m)) - 1)) / 3;
 
    // toggling all even bits using mask | n
    return mask | n;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    int n = 102121;
    Console.WriteLine(setEvenBits(n));
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17


Javascript




// Simple JavaScript program to set all even
// bits of a number
 
// function to set all the even bits
function setEvenBits(n) {
     
    // calculating number of bits using log
    let numOfBits = 1 + Math.floor(Math.log2(n));
     
      // if there is only one bit,
      if (numOfBits == 1)
          return n;
           
    // calculating the max power of GP series
    let m = Math.floor((numOfBits - !(numOfBits % 1)) / 2);
     
    // calculating mask using GP sum
      // which is a(r ^ n - 1) / (r - 1)
      // where a = 2, r = 4, n = m
    let mask = Math.floor((2 * ((1 << (2 * m)) - 1)) / 3);
     
    // toggling all even bits using mask | n
    return mask | n;
    }
 
// Driver Code
let n = 102121;
console.log(setEvenBits(n));
 
// This approach is contributed by phasing17


Output

110315

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)



Last Updated : 21 Nov, 2022
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