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Search an element in a sorted array formed by reversing subarrays from a random index

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Given a sorted array arr[] of size N and an integer key, the task is to find the index at which key is present in the array. The given array has been obtained by reversing subarrays {arr[0], arr[R]} and {arr[R + 1], arr[N – 1]} at some random index R. If the key is not present in the array, print -1.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {4, 3, 2, 1, 8, 7, 6, 5}, key = 2
Output: 2

Input: arr[] = {10, 8, 6, 5, 2, 1, 13, 12}, key = 4
Output: -1

Naive Approach: The simplest approach to solve the problem is to traverse the array and check if key is present in the array or not. If found, then print the index. Otherwise, print -1.

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Efficient Approach: To optimize the above approach, the idea is to apply a modified Binary Search on the array to find key. Follow the steps below to solve this problem:

  • Initialize l as 0 and h as N – 1, to store the indices of the boundary elements of a search space for the binary search.
  • Iterate while l is less than or equal to h:
    • Store the middle value in a variable, mid as (l+h)/2.
    • If arr[mid] is equal to key, then print mid as the answer and return.
    • If arr[l] is greater than or equal to arr[mid], this means the random index lies on the right side of mid.
      • If the value of key is between arr[mid] and arr[l] then update h to mid-1
      • Otherwise, update l to mid+1.
    • Otherwise, it means that the random point lies to the left side of mid.
    • If the value of key is between arr[h] and arr[mid], update l to mid+1.
    • Otherwise, update h to mid-1.
  • Finally, print -1 if key is not found.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to search an element in a
// sorted array formed by reversing
// subarrays from a random index
int find(vector<int> arr, int N, int key)
{
     
    // Set the boundaries
    // for binary search
    int l = 0;
    int h = N - 1;
 
    // Apply binary search
    while (l <= h)
    {
         
        // Initialize the middle element
        int mid = (l + h) / 2;
 
        // If element found
        if (arr[mid] == key)
            return mid;
 
        // Random point is on
        // right side of mid
        if (arr[l] >= arr[mid])
        {
             
            // From l to mid arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr[l] >= key && key >= arr[mid])
                h = mid - 1;
            else
                l = mid + 1;
        }
         
        // Random point is on
        // the left side of mid
        else
        {
             
            // From mid to h arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr[mid] >= key && key >= arr[h])
                l = mid + 1;
            else
                h = mid - 1;
        }
    }
     
    // Return Not Found
    return -1;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
     
    // Given Input
    vector<int> arr = { 10, 8, 6, 5, 2, 1, 13, 12 };
     
    int N = arr.size();
    int key = 8;
     
    // Function Call
    int ans = find(arr, N, key);
     
    cout << ans;
}
 
// This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29


Java




// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
public class GFG {
 
// Function to search an element in a
// sorted array formed by reversing
// subarrays from a random index
public static int find(Vector<Integer> arr, int N, int key)
{
     
    // Set the boundaries
    // for binary search
    int l = 0;
    int h = N - 1;
 
    // Apply binary search
    while (l <= h)
    {
         
        // Initialize the middle element
        int mid = (l + h) / 2;
 
        // If element found
        if (arr.get(mid) == key)
            return mid;
 
        // Random point is on
        // right side of mid
        if (arr.get(l) >= arr.get(mid))
        {
             
            // From l to mid arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr.get(l) >= key && key >= arr.get(mid))
                h = mid - 1;
            else
                l = mid + 1;
        }
         
        // Random point is on
        // the left side of mid
        else
        {
             
            // From mid to h arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr.get(mid) >= key && key >= arr.get(h))
                l = mid + 1;
            else
                h = mid - 1;
        }
    }
     
    // Return Not Found
    return -1;
}
 
 
// Drive Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
   Vector<Integer> arr = new Vector <Integer>();
   arr.add(10);
   arr.add(8);
   arr.add(6);
   arr.add(5);
   arr.add(2);
   arr.add(1);
   arr.add(13);
   arr.add(12);
    int N = arr.size();
    int key = 8;
     
    // Function Call
    int ans = find(arr, N, key);
     
      System.out.println( ans);
}
 
}
 
//This code is contributed by SoumikMondal


Python3




# Python program for the above approach
 
# Function to search an element in a
# sorted array formed by reversing
# subarrays from a random index
def find(arr, N, key):
   
    # Set the boundaries
    # for binary search
    l = 0
    h = N-1
 
    # Apply binary search
    while l <= h:
       
          # Initialize the middle element
        mid = (l+h)//2
 
        # If element found
        if arr[mid] == key:
            return mid
 
        # Random point is on
        # right side of mid
        if arr[l] >= arr[mid]:
 
            # From l to mid arr
            # is reverse sorted
            if arr[l] >= key >= arr[mid]:
                h = mid-1
            else:
                l = mid+1
 
        # Random point is on
        # the left side of mid
        else:
 
            # From mid to h arr
            # is reverse sorted
            if arr[mid] >= key >= arr[h]:
                l = mid+1
            else:
                h = mid-1
 
    # Return Not Found
    return -1
 
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
 
    # Given Input
    arr = [10, 8, 6, 5, 2, 1, 13, 12]
    N = len(arr)
    key = 8
 
    # Function Call
    ans = find(arr, N, key)
    print(ans)


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to search an element in a
// sorted array formed by reversing
// subarrays from a random index
static int find(List<int> arr, int N, int key)
{
     
    // Set the boundaries
    // for binary search
    int l = 0;
    int h = N - 1;
 
    // Apply binary search
    while (l <= h)
    {
         
        // Initialize the middle element
        int mid = (l + h) / 2;
 
        // If element found
        if (arr[mid] == key)
            return mid;
 
        // Random point is on
        // right side of mid
        if (arr[l] >= arr[mid])
        {
             
            // From l to mid arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr[l] >= key && key >= arr[mid])
                h = mid - 1;
            else
                l = mid + 1;
        }
         
        // Random point is on
        // the left side of mid
        else
        {
             
            // From mid to h arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr[mid] >= key && key >= arr[h])
                l = mid + 1;
            else
                h = mid - 1;
        }
    }
     
    // Return Not Found
    return -1;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
     
    // Given Input
    List<int> arr = new List<int>(){ 10, 8, 6, 5,
                                     2, 1, 13, 12 };
     
    int N = arr.Count;
    int key = 8;
     
    // Function Call
    int ans = find(arr, N, key);
     
    Console.Write(ans);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by ipg2016107


Javascript




<script>
// Javascript program for the above approach
 
// Function to search an element in a
// sorted array formed by reversing
// subarrays from a random index
function find(arr, N, key)
{
     
    // Set the boundaries
    // for binary search
    let l = 0;
    let h = N - 1;
 
    // Apply binary search
    while (l <= h)
    {
         
        // Initialize the middle element
        let mid = Math.floor((l + h) / 2);
 
        // If element found
        if (arr[mid] == key)
            return mid;
 
        // Random point is on
        // right side of mid
        if (arr[l] >= arr[mid])
        {
             
            // From l to mid arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr[l] >= key && key >= arr[mid])
                h = mid - 1;
            else
                l = mid + 1;
        }
         
        // Random point is on
        // the left side of mid
        else
        {
             
            // From mid to h arr
            // is reverse sorted
            if (arr[mid] >= key && key >= arr[h])
                l = mid + 1;
            else
                h = mid - 1;
        }
    }
     
    // Return Not Found
    return -1;
}
 
// Driver Code
     
    // Given Input
    let arr = [ 10, 8, 6, 5, 2, 1, 13, 12 ];
     
    let N = arr.length;
    let key = 8;
     
    // Function Call
    let ans = find(arr, N, key);
     
    document.write(ans);
 
 
// This code is contributed by _saurabh_jaiswal
</script>


Output: 

1

 

Time Complexity: O(log(N))
Auxiliary Space: O(1)



Last Updated : 02 Jul, 2021
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