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Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol that uses hop count as a routing metric to find the best path between the source and the destination network. It is a distance-vector routing protocol that has an AD value of 120 and works on the Network layer of the OSI model. RIP uses port number 520. 

Hop Count 

Hop count is the number of routers occurring in between the source and destination network. The path with the lowest hop count is considered as the best route to reach a network and therefore placed in the routing table. RIP prevents routing loops by limiting the number of hops allowed in a path from source and destination. The maximum hop count allowed for RIP is 15 and a hop count of 16 is considered as network unreachable. 

Features of RIP 

1. Updates of the network are exchanged periodically. 
2. Updates (routing information) are always broadcast. 
3. Full routing tables are sent in updates. 
4. Routers always trust routing information received from neighbor routers. This is also known as Routing on rumors. 

RIP versions: 

There are three versions of routing information protocol – RIP Version1, RIP Version2, and RIPng

RIP v1 RIP v2 RIPng
Sends update as broadcast Sends update as multicast Sends update as multicast
Broadcast at 255.255.255.255 Multicast at 224.0.0.9 Multicast at FF02::9 (RIPng can only run on IPv6 networks) 
 
Doesn’t support authentication of updated messages Supports authentication of RIPv2 update messages
Classful routing protocol Classless protocol updated supports classful Classless updates are sent

RIP v1 is known as Classful Routing Protocol because it doesn’t send information of subnet mask in its routing update. 
RIP v2 is known as Classless Routing Protocol because it sends information of subnet mask in its routing update. 
 

>> Use debug command to get the details : 

 # debug ip rip 

>> Use this command to show all routes configured in router, say for router R1 :  

R1# show ip route

>> Use this command to show all protocols configured in router, say for router R1 :  

R1# show ip protocols

Configuration :  

Consider the above-given topology which has 3-routers R1, R2, R3. R1 has IP address 172.16.10.6/30 on s0/0/1, 192.168.20.1/24 on fa0/0. R2 has IP address 172.16.10.2/30 on s0/0/0, 192.168.10.1/24 on fa0/0. R3 has IP address 172.16.10.5/30 on s0/1, 172.16.10.1/30 on s0/0, 10.10.10.1/24 on fa0/0. 

Configure RIP for R1 : 

R1(config)# router rip
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.20.0
R1(config-router)# network 172.16.10.4
R1(config-router)# version 2
R1(config-router)# no auto-summary

Note: no auto-summary command disables the auto-summarisation. If we don’t select any auto-summary, then the subnet mask will be considered as classful in Version 1. 

Configuring RIP for R2:  

R2(config)# router rip
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.10.0
R2(config-router)# network 172.16.10.0
R2(config-router)# version 2
R2(config-router)# no auto-summary

Similarly, Configure RIP for R3 :  

R3(config)# router rip
R3(config-router)# network 10.10.10.0
R3(config-router)# network 172.16.10.4
R3(config-router)# network 172.16.10.0
R3(config-router)# version 2
R3(config-router)# no auto-summary

RIP timers:  

Note that all these times are adjustable. Use this command to change the timers :  

R1(config-router)#  timers basic
R1(config-router)#  timers basic 20   80    80    90  

Normal utilization of RIP:

  1. Small to medium-sized networks: RIP is normally utilized in little to medium-sized networks that have moderately basic directing prerequisites. It is not difficult to design and requires little support, which goes with it a famous decision for little organizations.
  2. Legacy organizations: RIP is as yet utilized in some heritage networks that were set up before further developed steering conventions were created. These organizations may not merit the expense and exertion of overhauling, so they keep on involving RIP as their directing convention.
  3. Lab conditions: RIP is much of the time utilized in lab conditions for testing and learning purposes. A basic convention is not difficult to set up, which pursues it a decent decision for instructive purposes.
  4. Backup or repetitive steering: In certain organizations, RIP might be utilized as a reinforcement or excess directing convention, on the off chance that the essential steering convention falls flat or encounters issues. RIP isn’t generally so productive as other directing conventions, however, it very well may be helpful as a reinforcement if there should be an occurrence of crisis.

Advantages of RIP :

Disadvantages of RIP :


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