Root to leaf path sum equal to a given number

Given a binary tree and a number, return true if the tree has a root-to-leaf path such that adding up all the values along the path equals the given number. Return false if no such path can be found.

For example, in the above tree root to leaf paths exist with following sums.

21 –> 10 – 8 – 3
23 –> 10 – 8 – 5
14 –> 10 – 2 – 2

So the returned value should be true only for numbers 21, 23 and 14. For any other number, returned value should be false.

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

Algorithm:
Recursively check if left or right child has path sum equal to ( number – value at current node)

Implementation:

C

#include<stdio.h> 
#include<stdlib.h> 
#define bool int 
  
/* A binary tree node has data, pointer to left child 
   and a pointer to right child */
struct node 
{ 
   int data; 
   struct node* left; 
   struct node* right; 
}; 
  
/* 
 Given a tree and a sum, return true if there is a path from the root 
 down to a leaf, such that adding up all the values along the path 
 equals the given sum. 
  
 Strategy: subtract the node value from the sum when recurring down, 
 and check to see if the sum is 0 when you run out of tree. 
*/
bool hasPathSum(struct node* node, int sum) 
{ 
  /* return true if we run out of tree and sum==0 */
  if (node == NULL) 
  { 
     return (sum == 0); 
  } 
   
  else
  { 
    bool ans = 0;   
   
    /* otherwise check both subtrees */
    int subSum = sum - node->data; 
   
    /* If we reach a leaf node and sum becomes 0 then return true*/
    if ( subSum == 0 && node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL ) 
      return 1; 
   
    if(node->left) 
      ans = ans || hasPathSum(node->left, subSum); 
    if(node->right) 
      ans = ans || hasPathSum(node->right, subSum); 
   
    return ans; 
  } 
} 
  
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the 
   given data and NULL left and right pointers. */
struct node* newnode(int data) 
{ 
  struct node* node = (struct node*) 
                       malloc(sizeof(struct node)); 
  node->data = data; 
  node->left = NULL; 
  node->right = NULL; 
  
  return(node); 
} 
  
/* Driver program to test above functions*/
int main() 
{ 
  
  int sum = 21; 
  
  /* Constructed binary tree is 
            10 
          /   \ 
        8      2 
      /  \    / 
    3     5  2 
  */
  struct node *root = newnode(10); 
  root->left        = newnode(8); 
  root->right       = newnode(2); 
  root->left->left  = newnode(3); 
  root->left->right = newnode(5); 
  root->right->left = newnode(2); 
  
  if(hasPathSum(root, sum)) 
    printf("There is a root-to-leaf path with sum %d", sum); 
  else
    printf("There is no root-to-leaf path with sum %d", sum); 
  
  getchar(); 
  return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to print to print root to leaf path sum equal to 
// a given number 
   
/* A binary tree node has data, pointer to left child 
   and a pointer to right child */
class Node  
{ 
    int data; 
    Node left, right; 
   
    Node(int item)  
    { 
        data = item; 
        left = right = null; 
    } 
} 
   
class BinaryTree { 
   
    Node root; 
       
    /* 
     Given a tree and a sum, return true if there is a path from the root 
     down to a leaf, such that adding up all the values along the path 
     equals the given sum. 
    
     Strategy: subtract the node value from the sum when recurring down, 
     and check to see if the sum is 0 when you run out of tree. 
     */
   
    boolean haspathSum(Node node, int sum)  
    { 
        if (node == null) 
            return (sum == 0); 
        else 
        { 
            boolean ans = false; 
   
            /* otherwise check both subtrees */
            int subsum = sum - node.data; 
            if (subsum == 0 && node.left == null && node.right == null) 
                return true; 
            if (node.left != null) 
                ans = ans || haspathSum(node.left, subsum); 
            if (node.right != null) 
                ans = ans || haspathSum(node.right, subsum); 
            return ans; 
        } 
    } 
      
    /* Driver program to test the above functions */
    public static void main(String args[])  
    { 
        int sum = 21; 
          
        /* Constructed binary tree is 
              10 
             /  \ 
           8     2 
          / \   / 
         3   5 2 
        */
        BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); 
        tree.root = new Node(10); 
        tree.root.left = new Node(8); 
        tree.root.right = new Node(2); 
        tree.root.left.left = new Node(3); 
        tree.root.left.right = new Node(5); 
        tree.root.right.left = new Node(2); 
   
        if (tree.haspathSum(tree.root, sum)) 
            System.out.println("There is a root to leaf path with sum " + sum); 
        else
            System.out.println("There is no root to leaf path with sum " + sum); 
    } 
} 
   
// This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal(mayank_24) 

Python

# Python program to find if there is a root to sum path 
  
# A binary tree node  
class Node: 
  
    # Constructor to create a new node 
    def __init__(self, data): 
        self.data = data  
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
  
"""  
 Given a tree and a sum, return true if there is a path from the root 
 down to a leaf, such that adding up all the values along the path 
 equals the given sum. 
   
 Strategy: subtract the node value from the sum when recurring down, 
 and check to see if the sum is 0 when you run out of tree. 
"""
# s is the sum 
def hasPathSum(node, s): 
      
    # Return true if we run out of tree and s = 0  
    if node is None: 
        return (s == 0) 
  
    else: 
        ans = 0 
          
        # Otherwise check both subtrees 
        subSum = s - node.data  
          
        # If we reach a leaf node and sum becomes 0, then  
        # return True  
        if(subSum == 0 and node.left == None and node.right == None): 
            return True 
  
        if node.left is not None: 
            ans = ans or hasPathSum(node.left, subSum) 
        if node.right is not None: 
            ans = ans or hasPathSum(node.right, subSum) 
  
        return ans  
  
# Driver program to test above functions 
  
s = 21
root = Node(10) 
root.left = Node(8) 
root.right = Node(2) 
root.left.right = Node(5) 
root.left.left = Node(3) 
root.right.left = Node(2) 
  
if hasPathSum(root, s): 
    print "There is a root-to-leaf path with sum %d" %(s) 
else: 
    print "There is no root-to-leaf path with sum %d" %(s) 
  
# This code is contributed by Nikhil Kumar Singh(nickzuck_007) 

C#

// C# program to print to print root to  
// leaf path sum equal to a given number  
using System; 
  
/* A binary tree node has data, pointer  
to left child and a pointer to right child */
public class Node 
{ 
    public int data; 
    public Node left, right; 
  
    public Node(int item) 
    { 
        data = item; 
        left = right = null; 
    } 
} 
  
class GFG 
{ 
public Node root; 
  
/*  
Given a tree and a sum, return true if  
there is a path from the root down to a  
leaf, such that adding up all the values   
along the path equals the given sum.  
  
Strategy: subtract the node value from the  
sum when recurring down, and check to see 
if the sum is 0 when you run out of tree.  
*/
  
public virtual bool haspathSum(Node node,  
                               int sum) 
{ 
    if (node == null) 
    { 
        return (sum == 0); 
    } 
    else
    { 
        bool ans = false; 
  
        /* otherwise check both subtrees */
        int subsum = sum - node.data; 
        if (subsum == 0 && node.left == null &&  
                           node.right == null) 
        { 
            return true; 
        } 
        if (node.left != null) 
        { 
            ans = ans || haspathSum(node.left, subsum); 
        } 
        if (node.right != null) 
        { 
            ans = ans || haspathSum(node.right, subsum); 
        } 
        return ans; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
public static void Main(string[] args) 
{ 
    int sum = 21; 
  
    /* Constructed binary tree is  
        10  
        / \  
    8    2  
    / \ /  
    3 5 2  
    */
    GFG tree = new GFG(); 
    tree.root = new Node(10); 
    tree.root.left = new Node(8); 
    tree.root.right = new Node(2); 
    tree.root.left.left = new Node(3); 
    tree.root.left.right = new Node(5); 
    tree.root.right.left = new Node(2); 
  
    if (tree.haspathSum(tree.root, sum)) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine("There is a root to leaf " + 
                              "path with sum " + sum); 
    } 
    else
    { 
        Console.WriteLine("There is no root to leaf " +  
                               "path with sum " + sum); 
    } 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Shrikant13 

Output :

There is a root to leaf path with sum 21

Time Complexity: O(n)

References: http://cslibrary.stanford.edu/110/BinaryTrees.html

Author: Tushar Roy

Please write comments if you find any bug in above code/algorithm, or find other ways to solve the same problem

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Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

C

Java

Python

C#

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