Role Of Objective Resolution In The Constitution

Nowadays in competitive exams like SSC, Banking, Railways, State commission, etc we may find a good number of questions from the General Studies section. This section covers a vast portion of history and polity topics. some topics cover both the history and polity sections. one of the topics is “Making of the constitution and the role of objective resolution”. This article gives students a comprehensive understanding and helps them in answering questions.

Making of the constitution : 

In1934, the concept of a Constituent Assembly for India was advocated for the 1st time by M.N. Roy, a pioneer of the communist movement in India. In 1935, the Indian National Congress (INC), for the first time, formally demanded a Constituent Assembly to border the Constitution of India. 

In 1938, Jawaharlal Nehru, on behalf of the INC, declared that ‘The Constitution of free India should be framed, while not outside interference, by a Constituent Assembly elective on the premise of the adult franchise’. The demand was finally accepted in essence by a people’s Government in what’s called the ‘August Offer’ of 1940.

In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a Member of the Cabinet, came to India with a draft proposal of the British Government on the framing of the draft Constitution to be adopted aftermath of World War II. The Cripps Proposals were rejected by the Muslim League, which wished India to be divided into 2 autonomous states with two separate Constituent Assemblies. Finally, Cabinet Mission was sent to India. whereas it rejected the concept of two Constituent
Assemblies, it places forth a theme for the Constituent Assembly.

Main features of the Constituent Assembly:

Composition :

The overall strength of the Constituent Assembly was 389 of that 296 seats were from British India and ninety-three seats delineated to the Princely states. 
Out of those 296 seats assigned to British India, 292 seats were stuffed from the eleven governors’ provinces and 4 from the Chief commissioners provinces.
Allocation of seats within the Constituent Assembly supported the proportion of the population. Seats were allotted among the three major communities Muslims, Sikhs, and therefore the general population.
Every community electoral its own representative through the tactic of representation by one transferable vote and representatives of the princely states were nominative by the pinnacle of the state.
Before the partition of India, once the assembly met on the thirty-first Oct 1947, the membership of the assembly was reduced to 299, out of those solely 284 members were present on the twenty-sixth of November 1949 for appending their signatures to formalize the Constitution of India.

Functioning of the Constituent Assembly:

The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on the 9^th of December 1946. This meeting, however, was boycotted by the Muslim League to claim their demand for Pakistan, as a result, there have been 211 members present at the assembly’s initial meeting.

Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha who was the assembly’s eldest member was appointed as the temporary President. The assembly later elected  Dr. B.R. Ambedkar elected as President, and H.C. Mookherjee and V.T. Krishnamachari were the 2 Vice Presidents. B.N. Rao was appointed as the constitutional advisor.

A draft Constitution comprehensive of all proposals and clauses was revealed by the Assembly in February 1948, underneath the steering of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

The assembly once more met in November 1948 to think about each clause of the Draft Constitution. The presentation of the Draft Constitution was completed by the seventeenth of Oct 1949 and therefore the third Reading was completed by the ordinal in November 1949, on the twenty-sixth of November the Constitution of India received the signature of the members of the assembly. The assembly conducted its last session on the twenty-fourth of January 1950.

The provisions relating to citizenship, elections, provincial Parliament, and temporary and transmutation conditional were enforced forthwith from twenty-sixth November 1949, whereas the remaining provisions of the Constitution were enforced on 26th January 1950. A total of eleven sessions were conducted by the Constituent Assembly over a fundamental measure of 2 years  11 months and 18 days.

Role of Objective Resolution :

It set down the philosophical base and therefore the guiding principles for framing the Constitution. It absolutely was initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru on the thirteenth of December 1946. It set down the idea of the Preamble of the Constitution of India. The guiding principles laid down by the Resolution are:

• It is geared toward fostering economic and political security in India by a written constitution and declaring India a Sovereign, Democratic Republic.
• It fostered the formulation of a federal with the evenhanded distribution of powers between the Centre and the states.
• It strives to secure equality, justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, association, and associated action for each subject of the country.
• It is geared toward providing necessary protection to the minority and backward section of society.
• It strives to secure the integrity of the territory of the Indian republic and follow the law of any civilized nation to secure rights on land, sea, and air.
• Last to realize an honorable place within the world and play an efficient role in securing world peace and therefore the welfare of mankind.
  

4. Constituent Assembly had some major Committees and  minor committees :

(a) Major Committees of Constituent Assembly:

1. Drafting Committee – Dr. B.R.Ambedkar

2. Union Power Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru

3. Union Constitution Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru

4. States Committee –  Jawaharlal Nehru

5. Provincial Constitution Committee – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

6. Consultatory Committee –  Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

7. Rules and Procedure Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad

8. Steering Committee –  Dr. Rajendra Prasad

(b) Minor Committees of Constituent Assembly:

Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar – The Credentials Committee 

B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya – House Committee 

Dr. K.M. Munshi – The Order of Business Committee.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad – Committee on the national flag. & Finance and employees Committee

G.V. Mavalankar – Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly.

S. Varadachari – Ad-hoc Committee on the Supreme Court & citizenship.

Significance of Draft Constitution:

1. Lengthiest Written Constitution consisted of the Preamble, 465 Articles (divided into 25 Parts), and 12 Schedules.

2. Most of its provisions are borrowed from other countries like the USA, Ireland, Canada, Australia, Germany, British, and others.

3. It is partially rigid and partially flexible.

4. Parliamentary form of government.

5. Universal Adult Franchise.

Frequently Asked Questions :

Que 1. Constitution Day is celebrated on which day every year?
Ans . 26th November

Que2. Who proposed the Objective Resolution of 1946?
Ans. Jawahar Lal Nehru

Que3. Concept of Fundamental Rights are taken from which Country?
Ans. The USA, where these are called Bill of Rights

Que4. Concept of Directive Principles Of State policy borrowed from?
Ans. Irish Constitution

Que5. A steering committee was headed by?
Ans. Dr. Rajendra Prasad