Reorder an array according to given indexes

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 26 Mar, 2021

Given two integer arrays of same size, “arr[]” and “index[]”, reorder elements in “arr[]” according to given index array. It is not allowed to given array arr’s length.

Example:

Input:  arr[]   = [10, 11, 12];
        index[] = [1, 0, 2];
Output: arr[]   = [11, 10, 12]
        index[] = [0,  1,  2] 

Input:  arr[]   = [50, 40, 70, 60, 90]
        index[] = [3,  0,  4,  1,  2]
Output: arr[]   = [40, 60, 90, 50, 70]
        index[] = [0,  1,  2,  3,   4]

Expected time complexity O(n) and auxiliary space O(1)

We strongly recommend you to minimize your browser and try this yourself first.
A Simple Solution is to use an auxiliary array temp[] of same size as given arrays. Traverse the given array and put all elements at their correct place in temp[] using index[]. Finally copy temp[] to arr[] and set all values of index[i] as i.

C++

// C++ program to sort an array according to given
// indexes
#include<iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to reorder elements of arr[] according
// to index[]
void reorder(int arr[], int index[], int n)
{
    int temp[n];
 
    // arr[i] should be present at index[i] index
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
        temp[index[i]] = arr[i];
 
    // Copy temp[] to arr[]
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
       arr[i]   = temp[i];
       index[i] = i;
    }
}
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    int index[] = {3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    reorder(arr, index, n);
 
    cout << "Reordered array is: \n";
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
 
    cout << "\nModified Index array is: \n";
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
        cout << index[i] << " ";
    return 0;
}

Java

//Java to find positions of zeroes flipping which
// produces maximum number of consecutive 1's
 
import java.util.Arrays;
 
class Test
{
    static int arr[] = new int[]{50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    static int index[] = new int[]{3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
     
    // Method to reorder elements of arr[] according
    // to index[]
    static void reorder()
    {
        int temp[] = new int[arr.length];
      
        // arr[i] should be present at index[i] index
        for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
            temp[index[i]] = arr[i];
      
        // Copy temp[] to arr[]
        for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
        {
           arr[i]   = temp[i];
           index[i] = i;
        }
    }
     
    // Driver method to test the above function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
         
        reorder();
         
        System.out.println("Reordered array is: ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
        System.out.println("Modified Index array is:");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(index));
         
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 program to sort
# an array according to given
# indexes
 
# Function to reorder
# elements of arr[] according
# to index[]
def reorder(arr,index, n):
 
    temp = [0] * n;
 
    # arr[i] should be
        # present at index[i] index
    for i in range(0,n):
        temp[index[i]] = arr[i]
 
    # Copy temp[] to arr[]
    for i in range(0,n):
        arr[i] = temp[i]
        index[i] = i
     
# Driver program
arr = [50, 40, 70, 60, 90]
index = [3, 0, 4, 1, 2]
n = len(arr)
 
reorder(arr, index, n)
 
print("Reordered array is:")
for i in range(0,n):
    print(arr[i],end = " ")
 
print("\nModified Index array is:")
for i in range(0,n):
    print(index[i],end = " ")
 
# This code is contributed by
# Smitha Dinesh Semwal

C#

// C# to find positions of zeroes flipping which
// produces maximum number of consecutive 1's
using System;
  
public class Test{
     
    static int []arr = new int[]{50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    static int []index = new int[]{3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
      
    // Method to reorder elements of arr[] according
    // to index[]
    static void reorder()
    {
        int []temp = new int[arr.Length];
       
        // arr[i] should be present at index[i] index
        for (int i=0; i<arr.Length; i++)
            temp[index[i]] = arr[i];
       
        // Copy temp[] to arr[]
        for (int i=0; i<arr.Length; i++)
        {
           arr[i]   = temp[i];
           index[i] = i;
        }
    }
      
    // Driver method to test the above function
    public static void Main()
    {
          
        reorder();
          
        Console.WriteLine("Reordered array is: ");
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", arr));
        Console.WriteLine("Modified Index array is:");
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", index));
          
    }
}
/*This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar*/

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to sort an array
// according to given indexes
 
// Function to reorder elements
// of arr[] according to index[]
function reorder($arr, $index, $n)
{
    // $temp[$n];
 
    // arr[i] should be present
    // at index[i] index
    for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
    {
        $temp[$index[$i]] = $arr[$i];
    }
     
     
    // Copy temp[] to arr[]
    for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
    {
        $arr[$i] = $temp[$i];
        $index[$i] = $i;
    }
     
    echo "Reordered array is: \n";
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
{
    echo $arr[$i] . " ";
}
 
echo "\nModified Index array is: \n";
for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
{
    echo $index[$i] . " ";
}
}
 
// Driver Code
$arr = array(50, 40, 70, 60, 90);
$index = array(3, 0, 4, 1, 2);
$n = sizeof($arr);
 
reorder($arr, $index, $n);
 
// This code is contributed
// by Abby_akku
?>

Javascript

<script>
      // JavaScript program to sort an array according to given
      // indexes
 
      // Function to reorder elements of arr[] according
      // to index[]
      function reorder(arr, index, n) {
        var temp = [...Array(n)];
 
        // arr[i] should be present at index[i] index
        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) temp[index[i]] = arr[i];
 
        // Copy temp[] to arr[]
        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
          arr[i] = temp[i];
          index[i] = i;
        }
      }
 
      // Driver program
 
      var arr = [50, 40, 70, 60, 90];
      var index = [3, 0, 4, 1, 2];
      var n = arr.length;
 
      reorder(arr, index, n);
 
      document.write("Reordered array is: ");
      document.write("<br>");
      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) document.write(arr[i] + " ");
      document.write("<br>");
      document.write("Modified Index array is: ");
      document.write("<br>");
      for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) document.write(index[i] + " ");
       
      // This code is contributed by rdtank.
    </script>

Output:

Reordered array is: 
40 60 90 50 70 
Modified Index array is: 
0 1 2 3 4

Thanks to gccode for suggesting above solution.
We can solve it Without Auxiliary Array. Below is algorithm.

1) Do following for every element arr[i]
   a) While index[i] is not equal to i
       (i)  Store array and index values of the target (or 
            correct) position where arr[i] should be placed.
            The correct position for arr[i] is index[i]
       (ii) Place arr[i] at its correct position. Also
            update index value of correct position.
       (iii) Copy old values of correct position (Stored in
            step (i)) to arr[i] and index[i] as the while 
            loop continues for i.

Below is implementation of above algorithm.

C++

// A O(n) time and O(1) extra space C++ program to
// sort an array according to given indexes
#include<iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
// Function to reorder elements of arr[] according
// to index[]
void reorder(int arr[], int index[], int n)
{
    // Fix all elements one by one
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
    {
        // While index[i] and arr[i] are not fixed
        while (index[i] != i)
        {
            // Store values of the target (or correct)
            // position before placing arr[i] there
            int  oldTargetI  = index[index[i]];
            char oldTargetE  = arr[index[i]];
 
            // Place arr[i] at its target (or correct)
            // position. Also copy corrected index for
            // new position
            arr[index[i]] = arr[i];
            index[index[i]] = index[i];
 
            // Copy old target values to arr[i] and
            // index[i]
            index[i] = oldTargetI;
            arr[i]   = oldTargetE;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = {50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    int index[] = {3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    reorder(arr, index, n);
 
    cout << "Reordered array is: \n";
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
 
    cout << "\nModified Index array is: \n";
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
        cout << index[i] << " ";
    return 0;
}

Java

//A O(n) time and O(1) extra space Java program to
//sort an array according to given indexes
 
import java.util.Arrays;
 
class Test
{
    static int arr[] = new int[]{50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    static int index[] = new int[]{3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
     
    // Method to reorder elements of arr[] according
    // to index[]
    static void reorder()
    {
        // Fix all elements one by one
        for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)
        {
            // While index[i] and arr[i] are not fixed
            while (index[i] != i)
            {
                // Store values of the target (or correct)
                // position before placing arr[i] there
                int  oldTargetI  = index[index[i]];
                char oldTargetE  = (char)arr[index[i]];
      
                // Place arr[i] at its target (or correct)
                // position. Also copy corrected index for
                // new position
                arr[index[i]] = arr[i];
                index[index[i]] = index[i];
      
                // Copy old target values to arr[i] and
                // index[i]
                index[i] = oldTargetI;
                arr[i]   = oldTargetE;
            }
        }
    }
     
    // Driver method to test the above function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
         
        reorder();
         
        System.out.println("Reordered array is: ");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
        System.out.println("Modified Index array is:");
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(index));
         
    }
}

Python3

# A O(n) time and O(1) extra space Python3 program to
# sort an array according to given indexes
 
# Function to reorder elements of arr[] according
# to index[]
def reorder(arr, index, n):
 
    # Fix all elements one by one
    for i in range(0,n):
 
           #  While index[i] and arr[i] are not fixed
           while (index[i] != i):
         
               # Store values of the target (or correct)
               # position before placing arr[i] there
               oldTargetI = index[index[i]]
               oldTargetE = arr[index[i]]
 
               # Place arr[i] at its target (or correct)
               # position. Also copy corrected index for
               # new position
               arr[index[i]] = arr[i]
               index[index[i]] = index[i]
 
               # Copy old target values to arr[i] and
               # index[i]
               index[i] = oldTargetI
               arr[i] = oldTargetE
 
 
# Driver program
arr = [50, 40, 70, 60, 90]
index= [3, 0, 4, 1, 2]
n = len(arr)
 
reorder(arr, index, n)
 
print("Reordered array is:")
for  i in range(0, n):
    print(arr[i],end=" ")
 
print("\nModified Index array is:")
for i in range(0, n):
    print(index[i] ,end=" ")
 
# This code is contributed by
# Smitha Dinesh Semwal

C#

//A O(n) time and O(1) extra space C# program to
//sort an array according to given indexes
using System;
 
public class Test
{
    static int []arr = new int[]{50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    static int []index = new int[]{3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
      
    // Method to reorder elements of arr[] according
    // to index[]
    static void reorder()
    {
        // Fix all elements one by one
        for (int i=0; i<arr.Length; i++)
        {
            // While index[i] and arr[i] are not fixed
            while (index[i] != i)
            {
                // Store values of the target (or correct)
                // position before placing arr[i] there
                int  oldTargetI  = index[index[i]];
                char oldTargetE  = (char)arr[index[i]];
       
                // Place arr[i] at its target (or correct)
                // position. Also copy corrected index for
                // new position
                arr[index[i]] = arr[i];
                index[index[i]] = index[i];
       
                // Copy old target values to arr[i] and
                // index[i]
                index[i] = oldTargetI;
                arr[i]   = oldTargetE;
            }
        }
    }
      
    // Driver method to test the above function
    public static void Main()
    {
          
        reorder();
          
        Console.WriteLine("Reordered array is: ");
        Console.WriteLine(String.Join(" ",arr));
        Console.WriteLine("Modified Index array is:");
        Console.WriteLine(String.Join(" ",index));
          
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992

Output:

Reordered array is: 
40 60 90 50 70 
Modified Index array is: 
0 1 2 3 4

Thanks to shyamala_lokre for suggesting above solution.

Another Method without using an auxiliary array is to sort the arrays.
Sort the index array and customize the sort to swap the arr[] data whenever you swap the index[] data.

C++

//C++ code to reorder an array according to given indices
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
int heapSize;
 
void swap ( int &a, int &b ) {
    int temp = a;
    a = b;
    b = temp;
}
 
void heapify( int arr[], int index[], int i )
{
    int largest = i;
    // left child in 0 based indexing
    int left = 2 * i + 1;
    // right child in 1 based indexing
    int right = 2 * i + 2;
    // find largest index from root, left and right child
    if( left < heapSize && index[left] > index[largest] )
    {
        largest = left;
    }
    if( right < heapSize && index[right] > index[largest] )
    {
        largest = right;
    }
     
    if ( largest != i ) {
        //swap arr whenever index is swapped
        swap(arr[largest], arr[i]);
        swap(index[largest], index[i]);
        heapify(arr, index, largest);
    }
}
 
void heapSort( int arr[], int index[], int n ) {
// Build heap
    for ( int i = ( n - 1 ) / 2 ; i >= 0 ; i-- ) {
        heapify(arr, index, i);
    }
    // Swap the largest element of index(first element)
    // with the last element
    for ( int i = n - 1 ; i > 0 ; i-- ) {
        swap(index[0], index[i]);
        //swap arr whenever index is swapped
        swap(arr[0], arr[i]);
        heapSize--;
        heapify(arr, index, 0);
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main() {
    int arr[] = {50, 40, 70, 60, 90};
    int index[] = {3,  0,  4,  1,  2};
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    heapSize = n;
    heapSort(arr, index, n);
 
    cout << "Reordered array is: \n";
    for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ )
        cout << arr[i] << " ";
         
        cout << "\nModified Index array is: \n";
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
        cout << index[i] << " ";
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java code to reorder an array
// according to given indices
class GFG{
     
static int heapSize;
 
public static void heapify(int arr[],
                           int index[], int i)
{
    int largest = i;
     
    // left child in 0 based indexing
    int left = 2 * i + 1;
     
    // right child in 1 based indexing
    int right = 2 * i + 2;
     
    // Find largest index from root,
    // left and right child
    if (left < heapSize &&
        index[left] > index[largest] )
    {
        largest = left;
    }
    if (right < heapSize &&
        index[right] > index[largest] )
    {
        largest = right;
    }
      
    if (largest != i)
    {
         
        // swap arr whenever index is swapped
        int temp = arr[largest];
        arr[largest] = arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
         
        temp = index[largest];
        index[largest] = index[i];
        index[i] = temp;
         
        heapify(arr, index, largest);
    }
}
  
public static void heapSort(int arr[],
                            int index[], int n)
{
     
    // Build heap
    for(int i = (n - 1) / 2 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
    {
        heapify(arr, index, i);
    }
     
    // Swap the largest element of
    // index(first element)
    // with the last element
    for(int i = n - 1 ; i > 0 ; i--)
    {
        int temp = index[0];
        index[0] = index[i];
        index[i] = temp;
         
        // swap arr whenever index is swapped
        temp = arr[0];
        arr[0] = arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
         
        heapSize--;
        heapify(arr, index, 0);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int arr[] = { 50, 40, 70, 60, 90 };
    int index[] = { 3, 0, 4, 1, 2 };
    int n = arr.length;
     
    heapSize = n;
    heapSort(arr, index, n);
     
    System.out.println("Reordered array is: ");
    for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
        System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
         
    System.out.println();  
     
    System.out.println("Modified Index array is: ");
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        System.out.print(index[i] + " ");
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07

Python3

# Python3 code to reorder an array
# according to given indices
def heapify(arr, index, i):
     
    largest = i
     
    # left child in 0 based indexing
    left = 2 * i + 1
     
    # right child in 1 based indexing
    right = 2 * i + 2
     
    global heapSize
 
    # Find largest index from root,
    # left and right child
    if (left < heapSize and
        index[left] > index[largest]):
        largest = left
 
    if (right < heapSize and
        index[right] > index[largest]):
        largest = right
 
    if (largest != i):
         
        # Swap arr whenever index is swapped
        arr[largest], arr[i] = arr[i], arr[largest]
        index[largest], index[i] = index[i], index[largest]
 
        heapify(arr, index, largest)
 
def heapSort(arr, index, n):
     
    # Build heap
    global heapSize
     
    for i in range(int((n - 1) / 2), -1, -1):
        heapify(arr, index, i)
         
    # Swap the largest element of
    # index(first element) with
    # the last element
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
        index[0], index[i] = index[i], index[0]
         
        # Swap arr whenever index is swapped
        arr[0], arr[i] = arr[i], arr[0]
 
        heapSize -= 1
        heapify(arr, index, 0)
 
# Driver Code
arr = [ 50, 40, 70, 60, 90 ]
index = [ 3, 0, 4, 1, 2 ]
 
n = len(arr)
global heapSize
heapSize = n
heapSort(arr, index, n)
 
print("Reordered array is: ")
print(*arr, sep = ' ')
print("Modified Index array is: ")
print(*index, sep = ' ')
 
# This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155

C#

// C# code to reorder an array
// according to given indices
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
     
static int heapSize;
 
public static void heapify(int[] arr,
                           int[] index,
                           int i)
{
    int largest = i;
     
    // left child in 0 based indexing
    int left = 2 * i + 1;
      
    // right child in 1 based indexing
    int right = 2 * i + 2;
      
    // Find largest index from root,
    // left and right child
    if (left < heapSize &&
        index[left] > index[largest] )
    {
        largest = left;
    }
    if (right < heapSize &&
        index[right] > index[largest] )
    {
        largest = right;
    }
       
    if (largest != i)
    {
         
        // Swap arr whenever index is swapped
        int temp = arr[largest];
        arr[largest] = arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
          
        temp = index[largest];
        index[largest] = index[i];
        index[i] = temp;
          
        heapify(arr, index, largest);
    }
}
   
public static void heapSort(int[] arr,
                            int[] index,
                            int n)
{
     
    // Build heap
    for(int i = (n - 1) / 2 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
    {
        heapify(arr, index, i);
    }
      
    // Swap the largest element of
    // index(first element)
    // with the last element
    for(int i = n - 1 ; i > 0 ; i--)
    {
        int temp = index[0];
        index[0] = index[i];
        index[i] = temp;
          
        // Swap arr whenever index
        // is swapped
        temp = arr[0];
        arr[0] = arr[i];
        arr[i] = temp;
          
        heapSize--;
        heapify(arr, index, 0);
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
static void Main()
{
    int[] arr = { 50, 40, 70, 60, 90 };
    int[] index = { 3, 0, 4, 1, 2 };
    int n = arr.Length;
      
    heapSize = n;
    heapSort(arr, index, n);
      
    Console.WriteLine("Reordered array is: ");
    for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
        Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
          
    Console.WriteLine();
      
    Console.WriteLine("Modified Index array is: ");
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        Console.Write(index[i] + " ");
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by divyesh072019

Output:

Reordered array is: 
40 60 90 50 70 
Modified Index array is: 
0 1 2 3 4

Time Complexity: O(nlogn)
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