Remove all even parity nodes from a Doubly and Circular Singly Linked List

Last Updated : 31 May, 2021

Given a Doubly linked list and Circular singly linked list containing N nodes, the task is to remove all the nodes from each list which contains elements whose parity is even.

Example:

Input: CLL = 9 -> 11 -> 34 -> 6 -> 13 -> 21
Output: 11 -> 13 -> 21
Explanation:
The circular singly linked list contains :
11 -> 1011, parity = 3
9 -> 1001, parity = 2
34 -> 100010, parity = 2
6 -> 110, parity = 2
13 -> 1101, parity = 3
21 -> 10101, parity = 3
Here, parity for nodes containing 9, 34, and 6 are even.
Hence, these nodes have been deleted.
Input: DLL = 18 <=> 15 <=> 8 <=> 9 <=> 14
Output: 8 <=> 14
Explanation:
The linked list contains :
18 -> 10010, parity = 2
15 -> 1111, parity = 4
8 -> 1000, parity = 1
9 -> 1001, parity = 2
14 -> 1110, parity = 3
Here, parity for nodes containing 18, 15 and 9 are even.
Hence, these nodes have been deleted.

Approach:
A simple approach is to traverse the nodes of the list one by one and for each node first, find the parity for the value present in the node by iterating through each bit and then finally remove the nodes whose parity is even.

Doubly Linked List

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation to remove all
// the Even Parity Nodes from a
// doubly linked list
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
// Node of the doubly linked list
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node *prev, *next;
};
 
// Function to insert a node at the beginning
// of the Doubly Linked List
void push(Node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    // Allocate the node
    Node* new_node
        = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
 
    // Insert the data
    new_node->data = new_data;
 
    // Since we are adding at the beginning,
    // prev is always NULL
    new_node->prev = NULL;
 
    // Link the old list off the new node
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);
 
    // Change the prev of
    // head node to new node
    if ((*head_ref) != NULL)
        (*head_ref)->prev = new_node;
 
    // Move the head to point
    // to the new node
    (*head_ref) = new_node;
}
 
// Function that returns true if count
// of set bits in x is even
bool isEvenParity(int x)
{
    // parity will store the
    // count of set bits
    int parity = 0;
    while (x != 0) {
        if (x & 1)
            parity++;
        x = x >> 1;
    }
 
    if (parity % 2 == 0)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
// Function to delete a node
// in a Doubly Linked List.
// head_ref --> pointer to head node pointer.
// del --> pointer to node to be deleted
void deleteNode(Node** head_ref, Node* del)
{
    // Base case
    if (*head_ref == NULL || del == NULL)
        return;
 
    // If the node to be
    // deleted is head node
    if (*head_ref == del)
        *head_ref = del->next;
 
    // Change next only if node to be
    // deleted is not the last node
    if (del->next != NULL)
        del->next->prev = del->prev;
 
    // Change prev only if node to be
    // deleted is not the first node
    if (del->prev != NULL)
        del->prev->next = del->next;
 
    // Finally, free the memory
    // occupied by del
    free(del);
 
    return;
}
 
// Function to to remove all
// the Even Parity Nodes from a
// doubly linked list
void deleteEvenParityNodes(
    Node** head_ref)
{
    Node* ptr = *head_ref;
    Node* next;
 
    // Iterating through
    // the linked list
    while (ptr != NULL) {
        next = ptr->next;
 
        // If node's data's parity
        // is even
        if (isEvenParity(ptr->data))
            deleteNode(head_ref, ptr);
 
        ptr = next;
    }
}
 
// Function to print nodes in a
// given doubly linked list
void printList(Node* head)
{
    if (head == NULL) {
        cout << "Empty list\n";
        return;
    }
 
    while (head != NULL) {
        cout << head->data << " ";
        head = head->next;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
 
    Node* head = NULL;
 
    // Create the doubly linked list
    // 18 <-> 15 <-> 8 <-> 9 <-> 14
    push(&head, 14);
    push(&head, 9);
    push(&head, 8);
    push(&head, 15);
    push(&head, 18);
 
    // Uncomment to view the list
    // cout << "Original List: ";
    // printList(head);
 
    deleteEvenParityNodes(&head);
 
    // Modified List
    printList(head);
}

Python3

# Python3 implementation to remove all
# the Even Parity Nodes from a
# doubly linked list
  
# Node of the doubly linked list
class Node:
     
    def __init__(self):
         
        self.data = 0
        self.prev = None
        self.next = None
  
# Function to insert a node at the
# beginning of the Doubly Linked List
def push(head_ref, new_data):
 
    # Allocate the node
    new_node = Node()
  
    # Insert the data
    new_node.data = new_data
  
    # Since we are adding at the
    # beginning, prev is always None
    new_node.prev = None
  
    # Link the old list off the new node
    new_node.next = (head_ref)
  
    # Change the prev of
    # head node to new node
    if ((head_ref) != None):
        (head_ref).prev = new_node
  
    # Move the head to point
    # to the new node
    (head_ref) = new_node
     
    return head_ref
 
# Function that returns true if count
# of set bits in x is even
def isEvenParity(x):
 
    # parity will store the
    # count of set bits
    parity = 0
     
    while (x != 0):
        if (x & 1):
            parity += 1
             
        x = x >> 1
  
    if (parity % 2 == 0):
        return True
    else:
        return False
 
# Function to delete a node
# in a Doubly Linked List.
# head_ref -. pointer to head node pointer.
# delt -. pointer to node to be deleted
def deleteNode(head_ref, delt):
 
    # Base case
    if (head_ref == None or delt == None):
        return
  
    # If the node to be
    # deleted is head node
    if (head_ref == delt):
        head_ref = delt.next
  
    # Change next only if node to be
    # deleted is not the last node
    if (delt.next != None):
        delt.next.prev = delt.prev
  
    # Change prev only if node to be
    # deleted is not the first node
    if (delt.prev != None):
        delt.prev.next = delt.next
  
    # Finally, free the memory
    # occupied by delt
    del(delt)
  
    return head_ref
 
# Function to to remove all
# the Even Parity Nodes from a
# doubly linked list
def deleteEvenParityNodes(head_ref):
 
    ptr = head_ref
    next = None
  
    # Iterating through
    # the linked list
    while (ptr != None):
        next = ptr.next
  
        # If node's data's parity
        # is even
        if (isEvenParity(ptr.data)):
            head_ref = deleteNode(head_ref, ptr)
  
        ptr = next
         
    return head_ref
     
# Function to print nodes in a
# given doubly linked list
def printList(head):
 
    if (head == None):
        print("Empty list\n")
        return
 
    while (head != None):
        print(head.data, end = ' ')
        head = head.next
  
# Driver Code
if __name__=='__main__':
  
    head = None
     
    # Create the doubly linked list
    # 18 <. 15 <. 8 <. 9 <. 14
    head = push(head, 14)
    head = push(head, 9)
    head = push(head, 8)
    head = push(head, 15)
    head = push(head, 18)
  
    # Uncomment to view the list
    # cout << "Original List: ";
    # printList(head);
    head = deleteEvenParityNodes(head)
  
    # Modified List
    printList(head)
 
# This code is contributed by rutvik_56

Output:

8 14

Circular Singly Linked List

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to remove all
// the Even Parity Nodes from a
// circular singly linked list
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Structure for a node
struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
 
// Function to insert a node at the beginning
// of a Circular linked list
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int data)
{
    // Create a new node
    // and make head as next
    // of it.
    struct Node* ptr1
        = (struct Node*)malloc(
            sizeof(struct Node));
 
    struct Node* temp = *head_ref;
    ptr1->data = data;
    ptr1->next = *head_ref;
 
    // If linked list is not NULL then
    // set the next of last node
    if (*head_ref != NULL) {
 
        // Find the node before head
        // and update next of it.
        while (temp->next != *head_ref)
            temp = temp->next;
 
        temp->next = ptr1;
    }
    else
 
        // Point for the first node
        ptr1->next = ptr1;
 
    *head_ref = ptr1;
}
 
// Function to delete the node from a
// Circular Linked list
void deleteNode(
    Node*& head_ref, Node* del)
{
    // If node to be deleted is head node
    if (head_ref == del)
        head_ref = del->next;
 
    struct Node* temp = head_ref;
 
    // Traverse list till not found
    // delete node
    while (temp->next != del) {
        temp = temp->next;
    }
 
    // Copy the address of the node
    temp->next = del->next;
 
    // Finally, free the memory
    // occupied by del
    free(del);
 
    return;
}
 
// Function that returns true if count
// of set bits in x is even
bool isEvenParity(int x)
{
    // parity will store the
    // count of set bits
    int parity = 0;
    while (x != 0) {
        if (x & 1)
            parity++;
        x = x >> 1;
    }
 
    if (parity % 2 == 0)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
// Function to delete all
// the Even Parity Nodes
// from the singly circular linked list
void deleteEvenParityNodes(Node*& head)
{
    if (head == NULL)
        return;
 
    if (head == head->next) {
        if (isEvenParity(head->data))
            head = NULL;
        return;
    }
 
    struct Node* ptr = head;
 
    struct Node* next;
 
    // Traverse the list till the end
    do {
        next = ptr->next;
 
        // If the node's data has even parity,
        // delete node 'ptr'
        if (isEvenParity(ptr->data))
            deleteNode(head, ptr);
 
        // Point to the next node
        ptr = next;
 
    } while (ptr != head);
 
    if (head == head->next) {
        if (isEvenParity(head->data))
            head = NULL;
        return;
    }
}
 
// Function to print nodes in a
// given Circular linked list
void printList(struct Node* head)
{
    if (head == NULL) {
        cout << "Empty List\n";
        return;
    }
 
    struct Node* temp = head;
    if (head != NULL) {
        do {
            printf("%d ", temp->data);
            temp = temp->next;
        } while (temp != head);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Initialize lists as empty
    struct Node* head = NULL;
 
    // Created linked list will be
    // 11->9->34->6->13->21
    push(&head, 21);
    push(&head, 13);
    push(&head, 6);
    push(&head, 34);
    push(&head, 9);
    push(&head, 11);
 
    deleteEvenParityNodes(head);
 
    printList(head);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to remove all
// the Even Parity Nodes from a
// circular singly linked list
class GFG{
 
// Structure for a node
static class Node
{
    int data;
    Node next;
};
 
// Function to insert a node at
// the beginning of a Circular
// linked list
static Node push(Node head_ref, int data)
{
     
    // Create a new node
    // and make head as next
    // of it.
    Node ptr1 = new Node();
 
    Node temp = head_ref;
    ptr1.data = data;
    ptr1.next = head_ref;
 
    // If linked list is not null then
    // set the next of last node
    if (head_ref != null)
    {
         
        // Find the node before head
        // and update next of it.
        while (temp.next != head_ref)
            temp = temp.next;
 
        temp.next = ptr1;
    }
    else
 
        // Point for the first node
        ptr1.next = ptr1;
 
    head_ref = ptr1;
    return head_ref;
}
 
// Function to delete the node
// from a Circular Linked list
static void deleteNode(Node head_ref,
                       Node del)
{
     
    // If node to be deleted is
    // head node
    if (head_ref == del)
        head_ref = del.next;
 
    Node temp = head_ref;
 
    // Traverse list till not found
    // delete node
    while (temp.next != del)
    {
        temp = temp.next;
    }
 
    // Copy the address of the node
    temp.next = del.next;
 
    // Finally, free the memory
    // occupied by del
    System.gc();
 
    return;
}
 
// Function that returns true if count
// of set bits in x is even
static boolean isEvenParity(int x)
{
     
    // Parity will store the
    // count of set bits
    int parity = 0;
     
    while (x != 0)
    {
        if ((x & 1) != 0)
            parity++;
             
        x = x >> 1;
    }
 
    if (parity % 2 == 0)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
// Function to delete all the
// Even Parity Nodes from the
// singly circular linked list
static void deleteEvenParityNodes(Node head)
{
    if (head == null)
        return;
 
    if (head == head.next)
    {
        if (isEvenParity(head.data))
            head = null;
             
        return;
    }
 
    Node ptr = head;
    Node next;
 
    // Traverse the list till the end
    do
    {
        next = ptr.next;
 
        // If the node's data has
        // even parity, delete node 'ptr'
        if (isEvenParity(ptr.data))
            deleteNode(head, ptr);
 
        // Point to the next node
        ptr = next;
 
    } while (ptr != head);
 
    if (head == head.next)
    {
        if (isEvenParity(head.data))
            head = null;
             
        return;
    }
}
 
// Function to print nodes in a
// given Circular linked list
static void printList(Node head)
{
    if (head == null)
    {
        System.out.print("Empty List\n");
        return;
    }
 
    Node temp = head;
    if (head != null)
    {
        do
        {
            System.out.printf("%d ", temp.data);
            temp = temp.next;
        } while (temp != head);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
     
    // Initialize lists as empty
    Node head = null;
 
    // Created linked list will be
    // 11.9.34.6.13.21
    head = push(head, 21);
    head = push(head, 13);
    head = push(head, 6);
    head = push(head, 34);
    head = push(head, 9);
    head = push(head, 11);
 
    deleteEvenParityNodes(head);
 
    printList(head);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar

Python3

# Python3 program to remove all
# the Even Parity Nodes from a
# circular singly linked list
  
# Structure for a node
class Node:
     
    def __init__(self):
         
        self.data = 0
        self.next = None
  
# Function to insert a node at the beginning
# of a Circular linked list
def push(head_ref, data):
 
    # Create a new node
    # and make head as next
    # of it.
    ptr1 = Node()
          
    temp = head_ref;
    ptr1.data = data;
    ptr1.next = head_ref;
  
    # If linked list is not None then
    # set the next of last node
    if (head_ref != None):
  
        # Find the node before head
        # and update next of it.
        while (temp.next != head_ref):
            temp = temp.next;
  
        temp.next = ptr1;
     
    else:
  
        # Pofor the first node
        ptr1.next = ptr1;
  
    head_ref = ptr1;
     
    return head_ref
  
# Function to deltete the node from a
# Circular Linked list
def delteteNode( head_ref, delt):
 
    # If node to be delteted is head node
    if (head_ref == delt):
        head_ref = delt.next;
  
    temp = head_ref;
  
    # Traverse list till not found
    # deltete node
    while (temp.next != delt):
        temp = temp.next;
  
    # Copy the address of the node
    temp.next = delt.next;
  
    # Finally, free the memory
    # occupied by delt
    del(delt);
  
    return head_ref;
  
# Function that returns true if count
# of set bits in x is even
def isEvenParity(x):
 
    # parity will store the
    # count of set bits
    parity = 0;
    while (x != 0):
        if (x & 1) != 0:
            parity += 1
        x = x >> 1;
      
    if (parity % 2 == 0):
        return True;
    else:
        return False;
  
# Function to deltete all
# the Even Parity Nodes
# from the singly circular linked list
def delteteEvenParityNodes(head):
 
    if (head == None):
        return head;
  
    if (head == head.next):
        if (isEvenParity(head.data)):
            head = None;
        return head;
     
    ptr = head;
  
    next = None
  
    # Traverse the list till the end
    while True:
 
        next = ptr.next;
  
        # If the node's data has even parity,
        # deltete node 'ptr'
        if (isEvenParity(ptr.data)):
            head=delteteNode(head, ptr);
  
        # Poto the next node
        ptr = next;
         
        if(ptr == head):
            break
 
    if (head == head.next):
        if (isEvenParity(head.data)):
            head = None;
        return head;
         
    return head;
    
# Function to prnodes in a
# given Circular linked list
def printList(head):
 
    if (head == None):
        print("Empty List")
        return;
  
    temp = head;
     
    if (head != None):       
        while True:           
            print(temp.data, end=' ')
            temp = temp.next
             
            if temp == head:
                break
             
# Driver code
if __name__=='__main__':
     
    # Initialize lists as empty
    head = None;
  
    # Created linked list will be
    # 11.9.34.6.13.21
    head=push(head, 21);
    head=push(head, 13);
    head=push(head, 6);
    head=push(head, 34);
    head=push(head, 9);
    head=push(head, 11);
  
    head=delteteEvenParityNodes(head);
  
    printList(head);
  
# This code is contributed by pratham_76

C#

// C# program to remove all
// the Even Parity Nodes from a
// circular singly linked list
using System;
class GFG{
 
// Structure for a node
public class Node
{
  public int data;
  public Node next;
};
 
// Function to insert a node at
// the beginning of a Circular
// linked list
static Node push(Node head_ref,
                 int data)
{   
  // Create a new node
  // and make head as next
  // of it.
  Node ptr1 = new Node();
 
  Node temp = head_ref;
  ptr1.data = data;
  ptr1.next = head_ref;
 
  // If linked list is not
  // null then set the next
  // of last node
  if (head_ref != null)
  {
    // Find the node before head
    // and update next of it.
    while (temp.next != head_ref)
      temp = temp.next;
 
    temp.next = ptr1;
  }
  else
 
    // Point for the first node
    ptr1.next = ptr1;
 
  head_ref = ptr1;
  return head_ref;
}
 
// Function to delete the node
// from a Circular Linked list
static void deleteNode(Node head_ref,
                       Node del)
{   
  // If node to be deleted is
  // head node
  if (head_ref == del)
    head_ref = del.next;
 
  Node temp = head_ref;
 
  // Traverse list till not
  // found delete node
  while (temp.next != del)
  {
    temp = temp.next;
  }
 
  // Copy the address of
  // the node
  temp.next = del.next;
 
  return;
}
 
// Function that returns true
// if count of set bits in x
// is even
static bool isEvenParity(int x)
{
  // Parity will store the
  // count of set bits
  int parity = 0;
 
  while (x != 0)
  {
    if ((x & 1) != 0)
      parity++;
 
    x = x >> 1;
  }
 
  if (parity % 2 == 0)
    return true;
  else
    return false;
}
 
// Function to delete all the
// Even Parity Nodes from the
// singly circular linked list
static void deleteEvenParityNodes(Node head)
{
  if (head == null)
    return;
 
  if (head == head.next)
  {
    if (isEvenParity(head.data))
      head = null;
 
    return;
  }
 
  Node ptr = head;
  Node next;
 
  // Traverse the list
  // till the end
  do
  {
    next = ptr.next;
 
    // If the node's data has
    // even parity, delete node 'ptr'
    if (isEvenParity(ptr.data))
      deleteNode(head, ptr);
 
    // Point to the next node
    ptr = next;
 
  } while (ptr != head);
 
  if (head == head.next)
  {
    if (isEvenParity(head.data))
      head = null;
 
    return;
  }
}
 
// Function to print nodes in a
// given Circular linked list
static void printList(Node head)
{
  if (head == null)
  {
    Console.Write("Empty List\n");
    return;
  }
 
  Node temp = head;
  if (head != null)
  {
    do
    {
      Console.Write(temp.data + " ");
      temp = temp.next;
    } while (temp != head);
  }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{   
  // Initialize lists as empty
  Node head = null;
 
  // Created linked list will be
  // 11.9.34.6.13.21
  head = push(head, 21);
  head = push(head, 13);
  head = push(head, 6);
  head = push(head, 34);
  head = push(head, 9);
  head = push(head, 11);
 
  deleteEvenParityNodes(head);
  printList(head);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Javascript

<script>
 
// Javascript program to remove all
// the Even Parity Nodes from a
// circular singly linked list
 
// Structure for a node
class Node
{
    constructor(val)
    {
        this.data = val;
        this.next = null;
    }
}
 
// Function to insert a node at
// the beginning of a Circular
// linked list
function push(head_ref, data)
{
     
    // Create a new node
    // and make head as next
    // of it.
    var ptr1 = new Node();
 
    var temp = head_ref;
    ptr1.data = data;
    ptr1.next = head_ref;
 
    // If linked list is not null then
    // set the next of last node
    if (head_ref != null)
    {
         
        // Find the node before head
        // and update next of it.
        while (temp.next != head_ref)
            temp = temp.next;
 
        temp.next = ptr1;
    }
    else
     
        // Point for the first node
        ptr1.next = ptr1;
 
    head_ref = ptr1;
    return head_ref;
}
 
// Function to delete the node
// from a Circular Linked list
function deleteNode(head_ref, del)
{
     
    // If node to be deleted is
    // head node
    if (head_ref == del)
        head_ref = del.next;
 
    var temp = head_ref;
 
    // Traverse list till not found
    // delete node
    while (temp.next != del)
    {
        temp = temp.next;
    }
 
    // Copy the address of the node
    temp.next = del.next;
 
    // Finally, free the memory
    // occupied by del
    return;
}
 
// Function that returns true if count
// of set bits in x is even
function isEvenParity(x)
{
     
    // Parity will store the
    // count of set bits
    var parity = 0;
 
    while (x != 0)
    {
        if ((x & 1) != 0)
            parity++;
 
        x = x >> 1;
    }
 
    if (parity % 2 == 0)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
 
// Function to delete all the
// Even Parity Nodes from the
// singly circular linked list
function deleteEvenParityNodes(head)
{
    if (head == null)
        return;
 
    if (head == head.next)
    {
        if (isEvenParity(head.data))
            head = null;
 
        return;
    }
     
    var ptr = head;
    var next;
 
    // Traverse the list till the end
    do
    {
        next = ptr.next;
 
        // If the node's data has
        // even parity, delete node 'ptr'
        if (isEvenParity(ptr.data))
            deleteNode(head, ptr);
 
        // Point to the next node
        ptr = next;
 
    } while (ptr != head);
 
    if (head == head.next)
    {
        if (isEvenParity(head.data))
            head = null;
 
        return;
    }
}
 
// Function to prvar nodes in a
// given Circular linked list
function printList(head)
{
    if (head == null)
    {
        document.write("Empty List\n");
        return;
    }
     
    var temp = head;
    if (head != null)
    {
        do
        {
            document.write(temp.data + " ");
            temp = temp.next;
        } while (temp != head);
    }
}
 
// Driver code
 
// Initialize lists as empty
var head = null;
 
// Created linked list will be
// 11.9.34.6.13.21
head = push(head, 21);
head = push(head, 13);
head = push(head, 6);
head = push(head, 34);
head = push(head, 9);
head = push(head, 11);
 
deleteEvenParityNodes(head);
 
printList(head);
 
// This code is contributed by gauravrajput1
 
</script>

Output:

11 13 21

Time Complexity: O(K*N), where N is the size of the linked list and K is the number of bits in the maximum number present in the linked list.

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