Recursive selection sort for singly linked list | Swapping node links

Given a singly linked list containing n nodes. The problem is to sort the list using recursive selection sort technique. The approach should be such that it involves swapping node links instead of swapping nodes data.
sorting image

Examples:

Input : 10 -> 12 -> 8 -> 4 -> 6
Output : 4 -> 6 -> 8 -> 10 -> 12

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

In Selection Sort, we first find minimum element, swap it with the beginning node and recur for remaining list. Below is recursive implementation of these steps for linked list.

recurSelectionSort(head)
     if head->next == NULL
         return head
     Initialize min = head
     Initialize beforeMin = NULL
     Initialize ptr = head
    
     while ptr->next != NULL 
         if min->data > ptr->next->data
         min = ptr->next
         beforeMin = ptr
     ptr = ptr->next    
    
     if min != head
         swapNodes(&head, head, min, beforeMin)
    
     head->next = recurSelectionSort(head->next)
     return head

swapNodes(head_ref, currX, currY, prevY)
     head_ref = currY
     prevY->next = currX

     Initialize temp = currY->next
     currY->next = currX->next
     currX->next  = temp

The swapNodes(head_ref, currX, currY, prevY) is based on the approach discussed here but it is modified accordingly for the implementation of this post.

C++

// C++ implementation of recursive selection sort 
// for singly linked list | Swapping node links 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// A Linked list node 
struct Node { 
    int data; 
    struct Node* next; 
}; 
  
// function to swap nodes 'currX' and 'currY' in a 
// linked list without swapping data 
void swapNodes(struct Node** head_ref, struct Node* currX, 
               struct Node* currY, struct Node* prevY) 
{ 
    // make 'currY' as new head 
    *head_ref = currY; 
  
    // adjust links 
    prevY->next = currX; 
  
    // Swap next pointers 
    struct Node* temp = currY->next; 
    currY->next = currX->next; 
    currX->next = temp; 
} 
  
// function to sort the linked list using 
// recursive selection sort technique 
struct Node* recurSelectionSort(struct Node* head) 
{ 
    // if there is only a single node 
    if (head->next == NULL) 
        return head; 
  
    // 'min' - pointer to store the node having 
    // minimum data value 
    struct Node* min = head; 
  
    // 'beforeMin' - pointer to store node previous 
    // to 'min' node 
    struct Node* beforeMin = NULL; 
    struct Node* ptr; 
  
    // traverse the list till the last node 
    for (ptr = head; ptr->next != NULL; ptr = ptr->next) { 
  
        // if true, then update 'min' and 'beforeMin' 
        if (ptr->next->data < min->data) { 
            min = ptr->next; 
            beforeMin = ptr; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // if 'min' and 'head' are not same, 
    // swap the head node with the 'min' node 
    if (min != head) 
        swapNodes(&head, head, min, beforeMin); 
  
    // recursively sort the remaining list 
    head->next = recurSelectionSort(head->next); 
  
    return head; 
} 
  
// function to sort the given linked list 
void sort(struct Node** head_ref) 
{ 
    // if list is empty 
    if ((*head_ref) == NULL) 
        return; 
  
    // sort the list using recursive selection 
    // sort technique 
    *head_ref = recurSelectionSort(*head_ref); 
} 
  
// function to insert a node at the 
// beginning of the linked list 
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data) 
{ 
    // allocate node 
    struct Node* new_node =  
         (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
  
    // put in the data 
    new_node->data = new_data; 
  
    // link the old list to the new node 
    new_node->next = (*head_ref); 
  
    // move the head to point to the new node 
    (*head_ref) = new_node; 
} 
  
// function to print the linked list 
void printList(struct Node* head) 
{ 
    while (head != NULL) { 
        cout << head->data << " "; 
        head = head->next; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver program to test above 
int main() 
{ 
    struct Node* head = NULL; 
  
    // create linked list 10->12->8->4->6 
    push(&head, 6); 
    push(&head, 4); 
    push(&head, 8); 
    push(&head, 12); 
    push(&head, 10); 
  
    cout << "Linked list before sorting:n"; 
    printList(head); 
  
    // sort the linked list 
    sort(&head); 
  
    cout << "\nLinked list after sorting:n"; 
    printList(head); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java implementation of recursive selection sort  
// for singly linked list | Swapping node links  
class GFG 
{ 
      
// A Linked list node  
static class Node 
{  
    int data;  
    Node next;  
};  
  
// function to swap nodes 'currX' and 'currY' in a  
// linked list without swapping data  
static Node swapNodes( Node head_ref, Node currX,  
                        Node currY, Node prevY)  
{  
    // make 'currY' as new head  
    head_ref = currY;  
  
    // adjust links  
    prevY.next = currX;  
  
    // Swap next pointers  
    Node temp = currY.next;  
    currY.next = currX.next;  
    currX.next = temp;  
    return head_ref; 
}  
  
// function to sort the linked list using  
// recursive selection sort technique  
static Node recurSelectionSort( Node head)  
{  
    // if there is only a single node  
    if (head.next == null)  
        return head;  
  
    // 'min' - pointer to store the node having  
    // minimum data value  
    Node min = head;  
  
    // 'beforeMin' - pointer to store node previous  
    // to 'min' node  
    Node beforeMin = null;  
    Node ptr;  
  
    // traverse the list till the last node  
    for (ptr = head; ptr.next != null; ptr = ptr.next)  
    {  
  
        // if true, then update 'min' and 'beforeMin'  
        if (ptr.next.data < min.data)  
        {  
            min = ptr.next;  
            beforeMin = ptr;  
        }  
    }  
  
    // if 'min' and 'head' are not same,  
    // swap the head node with the 'min' node  
    if (min != head)  
        head = swapNodes(head, head, min, beforeMin);  
  
    // recursively sort the remaining list  
    head.next = recurSelectionSort(head.next);  
  
    return head;  
}  
  
// function to sort the given linked list  
static Node sort( Node head_ref)  
{  
    // if list is empty  
    if ((head_ref) == null)  
        return null;  
  
    // sort the list using recursive selection  
    // sort technique  
    head_ref = recurSelectionSort(head_ref);  
    return head_ref; 
}  
  
// function to insert a node at the  
// beginning of the linked list  
static Node push( Node head_ref, int new_data)  
{  
    // allocate node  
    Node new_node = new Node();  
  
    // put in the data  
    new_node.data = new_data;  
  
    // link the old list to the new node  
    new_node.next = (head_ref);  
  
    // move the head to point to the new node  
    (head_ref) = new_node;  
    return head_ref; 
}  
  
// function to print the linked list  
static void printList( Node head)  
{  
    while (head != null)  
    {  
        System.out.print( head.data + " ");  
        head = head.next;  
    }  
}  
  
// Driver code  
public static void main(String args[]) 
{  
    Node head = null;  
  
    // create linked list 10.12.8.4.6  
    head = push(head, 6);  
    head = push(head, 4);  
    head = push(head, 8);  
    head = push(head, 12);  
    head = push(head, 10);  
  
    System.out.println( "Linked list before sorting:");  
    printList(head);  
  
    // sort the linked list  
    head = sort(head);  
  
    System.out.print( "\nLinked list after sorting:");  
    printList(head);  
}  
}  
  
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu 

Python

# Python implementation of recursive selection sort  
# for singly linked list | Swapping node links  
  
# Linked List node  
class Node:  
    def __init__(self, data):  
        self.data = data  
        self.next = None
  
# function to swap nodes 'currX' and 'currY' in a  
# linked list without swapping data  
def swapNodes(head_ref, currX, currY, prevY) : 
  
    # make 'currY' as new head  
    head_ref = currY  
  
    # adjust links  
    prevY.next = currX  
  
    # Swap next pointers  
    temp = currY.next
    currY.next = currX.next
    currX.next = temp  
    return head_ref 
  
# function to sort the linked list using  
# recursive selection sort technique  
def recurSelectionSort( head) : 
  
    # if there is only a single node  
    if (head.next == None) : 
        return head  
  
    # 'min' - pointer to store the node having  
    # minimum data value  
    min = head  
  
    # 'beforeMin' - pointer to store node previous  
    # to 'min' node  
    beforeMin = None
    ptr = head 
      
    # traverse the list till the last node  
    while ( ptr.next != None ) : 
      
        # if true, then update 'min' and 'beforeMin'  
        if (ptr.next.data < min.data) : 
          
            min = ptr.next
            beforeMin = ptr  
              
        ptr = ptr.next
      
    # if 'min' and 'head' are not same,  
    # swap the head node with the 'min' node  
    if (min != head) : 
        head = swapNodes(head, head, min, beforeMin)  
  
    # recursively sort the remaining list  
    head.next = recurSelectionSort(head.next)  
  
    return head  
  
# function to sort the given linked list  
def sort( head_ref) : 
  
    # if list is empty  
    if ((head_ref) == None) : 
        return None
  
    # sort the list using recursive selection  
    # sort technique  
    head_ref = recurSelectionSort(head_ref)  
    return head_ref 
  
# function to insert a node at the  
# beginning of the linked list  
def push( head_ref, new_data) : 
  
    # allocate node  
    new_node = Node(0)  
  
    # put in the data  
    new_node.data = new_data  
  
    # link the old list to the new node  
    new_node.next = (head_ref)  
  
    # move the head to point to the new node  
    (head_ref) = new_node  
    return head_ref 
  
# function to print the linked list  
def printList( head) : 
  
    while (head != None) : 
      
        print( head.data ,end = " ")  
        head = head.next
      
# Driver code  
head = None
  
# create linked list 10.12.8.4.6  
head = push(head, 6)  
head = push(head, 4)  
head = push(head, 8)  
head = push(head, 12)  
head = push(head, 10)  
  
print( "Linked list before sorting:")  
printList(head)  
  
# sort the linked list  
head = sort(head)  
  
print( "\nLinked list after sorting:")  
printList(head)  
  
# This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu 

C#

// C# implementation of recursive selection sort  
// for singly linked list | Swapping node links  
using System; 
public class GFG 
{ 
      
// A Linked list node  
public class Node 
{  
    public int data;  
    public Node next;  
};  
  
// function to swap nodes 'currX' and 'currY' in a  
// linked list without swapping data  
static Node swapNodes(Node head_ref, Node currX,  
                      Node currY, Node prevY)  
{  
    // make 'currY' as new head  
    head_ref = currY;  
  
    // adjust links  
    prevY.next = currX;  
  
    // Swap next pointers  
    Node temp = currY.next;  
    currY.next = currX.next;  
    currX.next = temp;  
    return head_ref; 
}  
  
// function to sort the linked list using  
// recursive selection sort technique  
static Node recurSelectionSort(Node head)  
{  
    // if there is only a single node  
    if (head.next == null)  
        return head;  
  
    // 'min' - pointer to store the node having  
    // minimum data value  
    Node min = head;  
  
    // 'beforeMin' - pointer to store node  
    // previous to 'min' node  
    Node beforeMin = null;  
    Node ptr;  
  
    // traverse the list till the last node  
    for (ptr = head; ptr.next != null;  
                     ptr = ptr.next)  
    {  
  
        // if true, then update 'min' and 'beforeMin'  
        if (ptr.next.data < min.data)  
        {  
            min = ptr.next;  
            beforeMin = ptr;  
        }  
    }  
  
    // if 'min' and 'head' are not same,  
    // swap the head node with the 'min' node  
    if (min != head)  
        head = swapNodes(head, head, min, beforeMin);  
  
    // recursively sort the remaining list  
    head.next = recurSelectionSort(head.next);  
  
    return head;  
}  
  
// function to sort the given linked list  
static Node sort( Node head_ref)  
{  
    // if list is empty  
    if ((head_ref) == null)  
        return null;  
  
    // sort the list using recursive selection  
    // sort technique  
    head_ref = recurSelectionSort(head_ref);  
    return head_ref; 
}  
  
// function to insert a node at the  
// beginning of the linked list  
static Node push(Node head_ref, int new_data)  
{  
    // allocate node  
    Node new_node = new Node();  
  
    // put in the data  
    new_node.data = new_data;  
  
    // link the old list to the new node  
    new_node.next = (head_ref);  
  
    // move the head to point to the new node  
    (head_ref) = new_node;  
    return head_ref; 
}  
  
// function to print the linked list  
static void printList( Node head)  
{  
    while (head != null)  
    {  
        Console.Write(head.data + " ");  
        head = head.next;  
    }  
}  
  
// Driver code  
public static void Main(String []args) 
{  
    Node head = null;  
  
    // create linked list 10->12->8->4->6 
    head = push(head, 6);  
    head = push(head, 4);  
    head = push(head, 8);  
    head = push(head, 12);  
    head = push(head, 10);  
  
    Console.WriteLine("Linked list before sorting:");  
    printList(head);  
  
    // sort the linked list  
    head = sort(head);  
  
    Console.Write("\nLinked list after sorting:");  
    printList(head);  
}  
}  
  
  
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh 

Output:

Linked list before sorting:
10 12 8 4 6
Linked list after sorting:
4 6 8 10 12

Time Complexity: O(n²)

This article is contributed by Ayush Jauhari. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python

C#

Recommended Posts: