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Rearrange a Linked List in Zig-Zag fashion | Set-2

Given a linked list, rearrange it such that converted list should be of the form a < b > c < d > e < f .. where a, b, c.. are consecutive data node of linked list. Note that it is not allowed to swap data.

Examples: 

Input:  1->2->3->4
Output: 1->3->2->4 

Input:  11->15->20->5->10
Output: 11->20->5->15->10

Approach: 
A solution that converts given list into zigzag form is discussed in previous post. The solution discussed performs conversion by swapping data of nodes. Swapping data of nodes may be expensive in many situations when the data contains many fields. In this post, a solution that performs conversion by swapping links is discussed.

The idea is to traverse the given linked list and check if current node maintains the zigzag order or not. To check if given node maintains zigzag order or not, a variable ind is used. If ind = 0, then the current node’s data should be less than its adjacent node’s data and if ind = 1, then current node’s data should be greater than its adjacent node’s data. If the current node violates the zigzag order, then swap the position of both nodes. For doing this step, maintain two pointers prev and next. prev stores previous node of current node and next stores new next node of current node. To swap both nodes, the following steps are performed: 

Below is the implementation of above approach: 




// C++ program to arrange linked list in
// zigzag fashion
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
/* Link list Node */
struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
 
// This function converts the Linked list in
// zigzag fashion
Node* zigZagList(Node* head)
{
    if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL) {
        return head;
    }
 
    // to store new head
    Node* res = NULL;
 
    // to traverse linked list
    Node* curr = head;
 
    // to store previous node of current node
    Node* prev = NULL;
 
    // to store new next node of current node
    Node* next;
 
    // to check if current element should
    // be less than or greater than.
    // ind = 0 --> less than
    // ind = 1 --> greater than
    int ind = 0;
 
    while (curr->next) {
 
        // If elements are not in zigzag fashion
        // swap them.
        if ((ind == 0 && curr->data > curr->next->data)
            || (ind == 1 && curr->data < curr->next->data)) {
 
            if (res == NULL)
                res = curr->next;
 
            // Store new next element of current
            // node
            next = curr->next->next;
 
            // Previous node of current node will
            // now point to next node of current node
            if (prev)
                prev->next = curr->next;
 
            // Change next pointers of both
            // adjacent nodes
            curr->next->next = curr;
            curr->next = next;
 
            // Change previous pointer.
            if (prev)
                prev = prev->next;
            else
                prev = res;
        }
 
        // If already in zig zag form, then move
        // to next element.
        else {
            if (res == NULL) {
                res = curr;
            }
 
            prev = curr;
            curr = curr->next;
        }
 
        // Update info whether next element should
        // be less than or greater than.
        ind = 1 - ind;
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to push a Node */
void push(Node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate Node */
    struct Node* new_Node = new Node;
 
    /* put in the data */
    new_Node->data = new_data;
 
    /* link the old list of the new Node */
    new_Node->next = (*head_ref);
 
    /* move the head to point to the new Node */
    (*head_ref) = new_Node;
}
 
/* Function to print linked list */
void printList(struct Node* Node)
{
    while (Node != NULL) {
        printf("%d->", Node->data);
        Node = Node->next;
    }
}
 
/* Driver program to test above function*/
int main(void)
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    struct Node* head = NULL;
 
    // create a list 4 -> 3 -> 7 -> 8 -> 6 -> 2 -> 1
    // answer should be -> 3 7 4 8 2 6 1
    push(&head, 1);
    push(&head, 2);
    push(&head, 6);
    push(&head, 8);
    push(&head, 7);
    push(&head, 3);
    push(&head, 4);
 
    printf("Given linked list \n");
    printList(head);
 
    head = zigZagList(head);
 
    printf("\nZig Zag Linked list \n");
    printList(head);
 
    return 0;
}




// Java program to arrange linked list in
// zigzag fashion
class GFG
{
 
/* Link list Node */
static class Node
{
    int data;
    Node next;
};
 
static Node head;
 
// This function converts the Linked list in
// zigzag fashion
static Node zigZagList(Node head)
{
    if (head == null || head.next == null)
    {
        return head;
    }
 
    // to store new head
    Node res = null;
 
    // to traverse linked list
    Node curr = head;
 
    // to store previous node of current node
    Node prev = null;
 
    // to store new next node of current node
    Node next;
 
    // to check if current element should
    // be less than or greater than.
    // ind = 0 -. less than
    // ind = 1 -. greater than
    int ind = 0;
 
    while (curr.next != null)
    {
 
        // If elements are not in zigzag fashion
        // swap them.
        if ((ind == 0 && curr.data > curr.next.data) ||
            (ind == 1 && curr.data < curr.next.data))
        {
            if (res == null)
                res = curr.next;
 
            // Store new next element of current
            // node
            next = curr.next.next;
 
            // Previous node of current node will
            // now point to next node of current node
            if (prev != null)
                prev.next = curr.next;
 
            // Change next pointers of both
            // adjacent nodes
            curr.next.next = curr;
            curr.next = next;
 
            // Change previous pointer.
            if (prev != null)
                prev = prev.next;
            else
                prev = res;
        }
 
        // If already in zig zag form, then move
        // to next element.
        else
        {
            if (res == null)
            {
                res = curr;
            }
 
            prev = curr;
            curr = curr.next;
        }
 
        // Update info whether next element should
        // be less than or greater than.
        ind = 1 - ind;
    }
    return res;
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to push a Node */
static void push(Node head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate Node */
    Node new_Node = new Node();
 
    /* put in the data */
    new_Node.data = new_data;
 
    /* link the old list of the new Node */
    new_Node.next = head_ref;
 
    /* move the head to point to the new Node */
    head_ref = new_Node;
    head = head_ref;
}
 
/* Function to print linked list */
static void printList(Node Node)
{
    while (Node != null)
    {
        System.out.printf("%d->", Node.data);
        Node = Node.next;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    head = null;
 
    // create a list 4 -> 3 -> 7 -> 8 -> 6 -> 2 -> 1
    // answer should be -> 3 7 4 8 2 6 1
    push(head, 1);
    push(head, 2);
    push(head, 6);
    push(head, 8);
    push(head, 7);
    push(head, 3);
    push(head, 4);
 
    System.out.printf("Given linked list \n");
    printList(head);
 
    head = zigZagList(head);
 
    System.out.printf("\nZig Zag Linked list \n");
    printList(head);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji




# Python3 program to arrange
# linked list in zigzag fashion
 
class Node:
     
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None
  
# This function converts the
# Linked list in zigzag fashion
def zigZagList(head):
  
    if head == None or head.next == None
        return head
      
    # To store new head
    res = None
 
    # To traverse linked list
    curr = head
 
    # To store previous node of current node
    prev = None
 
    # to check if current element should
    # be less than or greater than.
    # ind = 0 -. less than
    # ind = 1 -. greater than
    ind = 0
 
    while curr.next
 
        # If elements are not in
        # zigzag fashion swap them.
        if ((ind == 0 and curr.data > curr.next.data)
            or (ind == 1 and curr.data < curr.next.data)): 
 
            if res == None:
                res = curr.next
 
            # Store new next element of current
            # node
            next = curr.next.next
 
            # Previous node of current node will
            # now point to next node of current node
            if prev:
                prev.next = curr.next
 
            # Change next pointers of
            # both adjacent nodes
            curr.next.next = curr
            curr.next = next
 
            # Change previous pointer.
            if prev:
                prev = prev.next
            else:
                prev = res
         
        # If already in zig zag form,
        # then move to next element.
        else:
            if res == None
                res = curr
     
            prev = curr
            curr = curr.next
          
        # Update info whether next element
        # should be less than or greater than.
        ind = 1 - ind
     
    return res
  
# UTILITY FUNCTIONS
# Function to push a Node
def push(head_ref, new_data):
  
    # put in the data
    new_Node = Node(new_data)
 
    # link the old list of the new Node
    new_Node.next = head_ref
 
    # move the head to point to the new Node
    head_ref = new_Node
    return head_ref
  
# Function to print linked list
def printList(Node):
  
    while Node != None:
        print(Node.data, end = "->")
        Node = Node.next
 
# Driver program to test above function
if __name__ == "__main__":
  
    # Start with the empty list
    head = None
 
    # create a list 4 . 3 . 7 . 8 . 6 . 2 . 1
    # answer should be . 3 7 4 8 2 6 1
    head = push(head, 1)
    head = push(head, 2)
    head = push(head, 6)
    head = push(head, 8)
    head = push(head, 7)
    head = push(head, 3)
    head = push(head, 4)
 
    print("Given linked list")
    printList(head)
 
    head = zigZagList(head)
 
    print("\nZig Zag Linked list")
    printList(head)
         
# This code is contributed by Rituraj Jain




// C# program to arrange linked list in
// zigzag fashion
using System;
     
class GFG
{
 
/* Link list Node */
public class Node
{
    public int data;
    public Node next;
};
 
static Node head;
 
// This function converts the Linked list in
// zigzag fashion
static Node zigZagList(Node head)
{
    if (head == null || head.next == null)
    {
        return head;
    }
 
    // to store new head
    Node res = null;
 
    // to traverse linked list
    Node curr = head;
 
    // to store previous node of current node
    Node prev = null;
 
    // to store new next node of current node
    Node next;
 
    // to check if current element should
    // be less than or greater than.
    // ind = 0 -. less than
    // ind = 1 -. greater than
    int ind = 0;
 
    while (curr.next != null)
    {
 
        // If elements are not in zigzag fashion
        // swap them.
        if ((ind == 0 && curr.data > curr.next.data) ||
            (ind == 1 && curr.data < curr.next.data))
        {
            if (res == null)
                res = curr.next;
 
            // Store new next element of current
            // node
            next = curr.next.next;
 
            // Previous node of current node will
            // now point to next node of current node
            if (prev != null)
                prev.next = curr.next;
 
            // Change next pointers of both
            // adjacent nodes
            curr.next.next = curr;
            curr.next = next;
 
            // Change previous pointer.
            if (prev != null)
                prev = prev.next;
            else
                prev = res;
        }
 
        // If already in zig zag form, then move
        // to next element.
        else
        {
            if (res == null)
            {
                res = curr;
            }
 
            prev = curr;
            curr = curr.next;
        }
 
        // Update info whether next element should
        // be less than or greater than.
        ind = 1 - ind;
    }
    return res;
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to push a Node */
static void push(Node head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate Node */
    Node new_Node = new Node();
 
    /* put in the data */
    new_Node.data = new_data;
 
    /* link the old list of the new Node */
    new_Node.next = head_ref;
 
    /* move the head to point to the new Node */
    head_ref = new_Node;
    head = head_ref;
}
 
/* Function to print linked list */
static void printList(Node Node)
{
    while (Node != null)
    {
        Console.Write("{0}->", Node.data);
        Node = Node.next;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    head = null;
 
    // create a list 4 -> 3 -> 7 -> 8 -> 6 -> 2 -> 1
    // answer should be -> 3 7 4 8 2 6 1
    push(head, 1);
    push(head, 2);
    push(head, 6);
    push(head, 8);
    push(head, 7);
    push(head, 3);
    push(head, 4);
 
    Console.Write("Given linked list \n");
    printList(head);
 
    head = zigZagList(head);
 
    Console.Write("\nZig Zag Linked list \n");
    printList(head);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar




<script>
 
// JavaScript program to arrange linked list in
// zigzag fashion
 
/* Link list Node */
class Node
{
    constructor()
    {
        this.data = 0;
        this.next = null;
    }
}
 
var head = null;
 
// This function converts the Linked list in
// zigzag fashion
function zigZagList(head)
{
    if (head == null || head.next == null)
    {
        return head;
    }
     
    // To store new head
    var res = null;
     
    // To traverse linked list
    var curr = head;
     
    // To store previous node of current node
    var prev = null;
     
    // To store new next node of current node
    var next;
     
    // To check if current element should
    // be less than or greater than.
    // ind = 0 -. less than
    // ind = 1 -. greater than
    var ind = 0;
     
    while (curr.next != null)
    {
         
        // If elements are not in zigzag fashion
        // swap them.
        if ((ind == 0 && curr.data > curr.next.data) ||
            (ind == 1 && curr.data < curr.next.data))
        {
            if (res == null) res = curr.next;
             
            // Store new next element of current
            // node
            next = curr.next.next;
             
            // Previous node of current node will
            // now point to next node of current node
            if (prev != null) prev.next = curr.next;
             
            // Change next pointers of both
            // adjacent nodes
            curr.next.next = curr;
            curr.next = next;
             
            // Change previous pointer.
            if (prev != null) prev = prev.next;
            else prev = res;
        }
     
        // If already in zig zag form, then move
        // to next element.
        else
        {
            if (res == null)
            {
                res = curr;
            }
            prev = curr;
            curr = curr.next;
        }
         
        // Update info whether next element should
        // be less than or greater than.
        ind = 1 - ind;
    }
    return res;
}
 
/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS */
/* Function to push a Node */
function push(head_ref, new_data)
{
     
    /* Allocate Node */
    var new_Node = new Node();
     
    /* Put in the data */
    new_Node.data = new_data;
     
    /* Link the old list of the new Node */
    new_Node.next = head_ref;
     
    /* Move the head to point to the new Node */
    head_ref = new_Node;
    head = head_ref;
}
 
/* Function to print linked list */
function printList(Node)
{
    while (Node != null)
    {
        document.write(Node.data + "->");
        Node = Node.next;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
/* Start with the empty list */
head = null;
 
// Create a list 4 -> 3 -> 7 -> 8 -> 6 -> 2 -> 1
// answer should be -> 3 7 4 8 2 6 1
push(head, 1);
push(head, 2);
push(head, 6);
push(head, 8);
push(head, 7);
push(head, 3);
push(head, 4);
 
document.write("Given linked list <br>");
printList(head);
 
head = zigZagList(head);
 
document.write("<br>Zig Zag Linked list <br>");
printList(head);
 
// This code is contributed by rdtank
 
</script>

Output: 
Given linked list 
4->3->7->8->6->2->1->
Zig Zag Linked list 
3->7->4->8->2->6->1->

 

Time Complexity: O(N) 
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
 


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