Queries to check whether a given digit is present in the given Range

Pre-requisites: Segment Tree Given an array of digits arr[]. Given a number of range [L, R] and a digit X with each range. The task is to check for each given range [L, R] whether the digit X is present within that range in the array arr[]. Examples:

Input : arr = [1, 3, 3, 9, 8, 7]
        l1=0, r1=3, x=2   // Range 1
        l1=2, r1=5, x=3   // Range 2
Output : NO  
         YES
For Range 1: The digit 2 is not present within
             range [0, 3] in the array.
For Range 2: The digit 3 is present within the range
             [2, 5] at index 2 in the given array.

Naive Approach: A naive approach is to traverse through each of the given range of the digits in the array and check whether the digit is present or not. Time Complexity: O(N) for each query. Better Approach: A better approach is to use Segment Tree. Since there are only 10 digits possible from (0-9), so each node of the segment tree will contain all the digits within the range of that node. We will use Set Data Structure at every node to store the digits. Set is a special data structure which removes redundant elements and store them in ascending order. We have used set data structure since it will be easier to merge 2 child nodes to get the parent node in the segment tree. We will insert all the digits present in the children nodes in the parent set and it will automatically remove the redundant digits. Hence at every set(node) there will be at max 10 elements (0-9 all the digits). Also there are inbuilt count function which returns the count of the element present in the set which will be helpful in the query function to check whether a digit is present at the node or not. If the count will be greater than 0 that means the element is present in the set we will return true else return false. Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

// CPP program to answer Queries to check whether
// a given digit is present in the given range

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define N 6

// Segment Tree with set at each node
set<int> Tree[6 * N];

// Function to build the segment tree
void buildTree(int* arr, int idx, int s, int e)
{
    if (s == e) {
        Tree[idx].insert(arr[s]);
        return;
    }

    int mid = (s + e) >> 1;

    // Left child node
    buildTree(arr, 2 * idx, s, mid);

    // Right child node
    buildTree(arr, 2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e);

    // Merging child nodes to get parent node.
    // Since set is used, it will remove
    // redundant digits.
    for (auto it : Tree[2 * idx]) {
        Tree[idx].insert(it);
    }
    for (auto it : Tree[2 * idx + 1]) {
        Tree[idx].insert(it);
    }
}

// Function to query a range
bool query(int idx, int s, int e, int qs, int qe, int x)
{
    // Complete Overlap condition
    // return true if digit is present.
    // else false.
    if (qs <= s && e <= qe) {
        if (Tree[idx].count(x) != 0) {
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }

    // No Overlap condition
    // Return false
    if (qe < s || e < qs) {
        return false;
    }

    int mid = (s + e) >> 1;

    // If digit is found in any child
    // return true, else False
    bool LeftAns = query(2 * idx, s, mid, qs, qe, x);
    bool RightAns = query(2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e, qs, qe, x);

    return LeftAns or RightAns;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 3, 3, 9, 8, 7 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    // Build the tree
    buildTree(arr, 1, 0, n - 1);

    int l, r, x;

    // Query 1
    l = 0, r = 3, x = 2;
    if (query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x))
        cout << "YES" << '\n';
    else
        cout << "NO" << '\n';

    // Query 2
    l = 2, r = 5, x = 3;
    if (query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x))
        cout << "YES" << '\n';
    else
        cout << "NO" << '\n';

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to answer Queries to check whether
// a given digit is present in the given range
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class GFG
{
    static int N = 6;

    // Segment Tree with set at each node
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    static HashSet<Integer>[] Tree = new HashSet[6 * N];
    static
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 6 * N; i++)
            Tree[i] = new HashSet<>();
    }

    // Function to build the segment tree
    static void buildTree(int[] arr, int idx, int s, int e)
    {
        if (s == e)
        {
            Tree[idx].add(arr[s]);
            return;
        }

        int mid = (s + e) / 2;

        // Left child node
        buildTree(arr, 2 * idx, s, mid);

        // Right child node
        buildTree(arr, 2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e);

        // Merging child nodes to get parent node.
        // Since set is used, it will remove
        // redundant digits.
        for (int it : Tree[2 * idx])
            Tree[idx].add(it);
        for (int it : Tree[2 * idx + 1])
            Tree[idx].add(it);
    }

    // Function to query a range
    static boolean query(int idx, int s, int e,
                        int qs, int qe, int x)
    {

        // Complete Overlap condition
        // return true if digit is present.
        // else false.
        if (qs <= s && e <= qe)
        {
            if (Collections.frequency(Tree[idx], x) != 0)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        // No Overlap condition
        // Return false
        if (qe < s || e < qs)
            return false;

        int mid = (s + e) / 2;

        // If digit is found in any child
        // return true, else False
        boolean LeftAns = query(2 * idx, s, mid, qs, qe, x);
        boolean RightAns = query(2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e, qs, qe, x);

        return (LeftAns || RightAns);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        int[] arr = { 1, 3, 3, 9, 8, 7 };
        int n = arr.length;

        // Build the tree
        buildTree(arr, 1, 0, n - 1);

        int l, r, x;

        // Query 1
        l = 0;
        r = 3;
        x = 2;
        if (query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x))
            System.out.println("Yes");
        else
            System.out.println("No");

        // Query 2
        l = 2;
        r = 5;
        x = 3;
        if (query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x))
            System.out.println("Yes");
        else
            System.out.println("No");
    }
}

// This code is contributed by
// sanjeev2552

Python3

# Python3 program to answer Queries to check whether
# a given digit is present in the given range
N = 6

# Segment Tree with set at each node
Tree = [0] * (6 * N)
for i in range(6 * N):
    Tree[i] = set()

# Function to build the segment tree
def buildTree(arr: list, idx: int,
                   s: int, e: int) -> None:
    global Tree
    if s == e:
        Tree[idx].add(arr[s])
        return

    mid = (s + e) // 2

    # Left child node
    buildTree(arr, 2 * idx, s, mid)

    # Right child node
    buildTree(arr, 2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e)

    # Merging child nodes to get parent node.
    # Since set is used, it will remove
    # redundant digits.
    for it in Tree[2 * idx]:
        Tree[idx].add(it)

    for it in Tree[2 * idx + 1]:
        Tree[idx].add(it)

# Function to query a range
def query(idx: int, s: int, e: int,
          qs: int, qe: int, x: int) -> bool:
    global Tree

    # Complete Overlap condition
    # return true if digit is present.
    # else false.
    if qs <= s and e <= qe:
        if list(Tree[idx]).count(x) != 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    # No Overlap condition
    # Return false
    if qe < s or e < qs:
        return False

    mid = (s + e) // 2

    # If digit is found in any child
    # return true, else False
    leftAns = query(2 * idx, s, mid, qs, qe, x)
    rightAns = query(2 * idx + 1,
                         mid + 1, e, qs, qe, x)

    return (leftAns or rightAns)

# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    arr = [1, 3, 3, 9, 8, 7]
    n = len(arr)

    # Build the tree
    buildTree(arr, 1, 0, n - 1)

    # Query 1
    l = 0
    r = 3
    x = 2
    if query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x):
        print("YES")
    else:
        print("NO")

    # Query 2
    l = 2
    r = 5
    x = 3
    if query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x):
        print("YES")
    else:
        print("NO")

# This code is contributed by
# sanjeev2552

C#

// C# program to answer Queries to check whether
// a given digit is present in the given range
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class GFG
{
    static int N = 6;

    // Segment Tree with set at each node
    static SortedSet<int>[] Tree = new SortedSet<int>[6 * N];

    // Function to build the segment tree
    static void buildTree(int[] arr, int idx, int s, int e)
    {
        if (s == e)
        {
            Tree[idx].Add(arr[s]);
            return;
        }

        int mid = (s + e) / 2;

        // Left child node
        buildTree(arr, 2 * idx, s, mid);

        // Right child node
        buildTree(arr, 2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e);

        // Merging child nodes to get parent node.
        // Since set is used, it will remove
        // redundant digits.
        foreach (int it in Tree[2 * idx])
            Tree[idx].Add(it);
        foreach (int it in Tree[2 * idx + 1])
            Tree[idx].Add(it);
    }

    // Function to query a range
    static bool query(int idx, int s, int e,
                        int qs, int qe, int x)
    {

        // Complete Overlap condition
        // return true if digit is present.
        // else false.
        if (qs <= s && e <= qe)
        {
            if (Tree[idx].Contains(x))
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        // No Overlap condition
        // Return false
        if (qe < s || e < qs)
            return false;

        int mid = (s + e) / 2;

        // If digit is found in any child
        // return true, else False
        bool LeftAns = query(2 * idx, s, mid, qs, qe, x);
        bool RightAns = query(2 * idx + 1, mid + 1, e, qs, qe, x);

        return (LeftAns || RightAns);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {

        int[] arr = { 1, 3, 3, 9, 8, 7 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        for (int i = 0; i < 6 * N; i++)
            Tree[i] = new SortedSet<int>();

        // Build the tree
        buildTree(arr, 1, 0, n - 1);

        int l, r, x;

        // Query 1
        l = 0;
        r = 3;
        x = 2;
        if (query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x))
            Console.WriteLine("Yes");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("No");

        // Query 2
        l = 2;
        r = 5;
        x = 3;
        if (query(1, 0, n - 1, l, r, x))
            Console.WriteLine("Yes");
        else
            Console.WriteLine("No");
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Output:

NO
YES

Time Complexity: O(N) once for building the segment tree, then O(logN) for each query.