Python str() function

Python str() function is used to convert an object to its string representation. It is a built-in function that can be used to convert objects of different data types, such as integers, and floats.

Example:

In the given example, we assign an integer value to a variable and convert that integer variable to the string variable and print it in Python.

Python3

val=10
val_str= str(val)
print(val_str)

Output:

10

Python str() Function Syntax

Syntax: str(object, encoding=’utf-8?, errors=’strict’)

Parameters:

• object: The object whose string representation is to be returned.
• encoding: Encoding of the given object.
• errors: Response when decoding fails.

Returns: String version of the given object

str() function in Python Example

Demonstration of str() function

In the given example, we are using str() on an empty string and string.

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate
# strings

# Empty string
s = str()
print(s)

# String with values
s = str("GFG")
print(s)

Output:

GFG

Convert an Integer/Float to a String in Python

In the given code, we are converting integer and float to the string type with str() in Python. For more

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate
# strings

num = 100
s = str(num)
print(s, type(s))

num = 100.1
s = str(num)
print(s, type(s))

Output:

100 <class 'str'>
100.1 <class 'str'>

Convert Bytes to a String in Python

In the first example, the errors=’replace’ argument is used. When we are founding abnormal characters in the string, it replaces them with the ‘?’ character. In the second example, the errors=’backslashreplace’ argument is used. It replaces abnormal characters in a string with backslash escapes. In the third example, the errors=’xmlcharrefreplace’ argument is used. It replaces abnormal characters in a string with XML character references.

Python3

# Declare a byte object
b = bytes('Café', encoding='utf-8')

# Convert UTF-8 byte object to ASCII with errors replaced
print(str(b, encoding='ascii', errors='replace'))

# Convert UTF-8 byte object to ASCII with backslashreplace
print(str(b, encoding='ascii', errors='backslashreplace'))

Output :

Caf��
Caf\xc3\xa9

Exceptions of str() in Python

There are six types of error taken by this function.

• strict (default): it raises a UnicodeDecodeError.
• ignore: It ignores the unencodable Unicode
• replace: It replaces the unencodable Unicode with a question mark
• xmlcharrefreplace: It inserts XML character reference instead of the unencodable Unicode
• backslashreplace: inserts a \uNNNN Espace sequence instead of an unencodable Unicode
• namereplace: inserts a \N{…} escape sequence instead of an unencodable Unicode

Example:

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate
# str()

a = bytes("ŽString", encoding = 'utf-8')
s = str(a, encoding = "ascii", errors ="ignore")
print(s)

Output:

String

In the above example, the character Ž should raise an error as it cannot be decoded by ASCII. But it is ignored because the errors are set as ignore.