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Python program to represent floating number as hexadecimal by IEEE 754 standard

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Prerequisite : IEEE Standard 754 Floating Point Numbers
Given a floating point number, the task is to find the hexadecimal representation for the number by IEEE 754 standard.
The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point computation which was established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The standard addressed many problems found in the diverse floating point implementations that made them difficult to use reliably and reduced their portability. IEEE Standard 754 floating point is the most common representation today for real numbers on computers, including Intel-based PC’s, Macs, and most Unix platforms. 
 

Examples : 
 

Input :  -6744.90
Output :  C5D2C733

Input :  -263.3
Output :  C383A666

Approach : 
 

  • Check whether the number is positive or negative. Save the sign as 0 for positive and 1 for negative, and then convert the number into positive if it is negative.
  • Convert the floating point number to binary.
  • Separate the decimal part and the whole number part.
  • Calculate the exponent(E) and convert it to binary.
  • Find the mantissa.
  • Concatenate the sign of mantissa, exponent and the mantissa.
  • Convert it into hexadecimal.

Let’s write a Python program to represent a floating number as hexadecimal by IEEE 754 standard. 
 

Python3




# Function for converting decimal to binary
def float_bin(my_number, places = 3):
    my_whole, my_dec = str(my_number).split(".")
    my_whole = int(my_whole)
    res = (str(bin(my_whole))+".").replace('0b','')
 
    for x in range(places):
        my_dec = str('0.')+str(my_dec)
        temp = '%1.20f' %(float(my_dec)*2)
        my_whole, my_dec = temp.split(".")
        res += my_whole
    return res
 
 
 
def IEEE754(n) :
    # identifying whether the number
    # is positive or negative
    sign = 0
    if n < 0 :
        sign = 1
        n = n * (-1)
    p = 30
    # convert float to binary
    dec = float_bin (n, places = p)
 
    dotPlace = dec.find('.')
    onePlace = dec.find('1')
    # finding the mantissa
    if onePlace > dotPlace:
        dec = dec.replace(".","")
        onePlace -= 1
        dotPlace -= 1
    elif onePlace < dotPlace:
        dec = dec.replace(".","")
        dotPlace -= 1
    mantissa = dec[onePlace+1:]
 
    # calculating the exponent(E)
    exponent = dotPlace - onePlace
    exponent_bits = exponent + 127
 
    # converting the exponent from
    # decimal to binary
    exponent_bits = bin(exponent_bits).replace("0b",'')
 
    mantissa = mantissa[0:23]
 
    # the IEEE754 notation in binary    
    final = str(sign) + exponent_bits.zfill(8) + mantissa
 
    # convert the binary to hexadecimal
    hstr = '0x%0*X' %((len(final) + 3) // 4, int(final, 2))
    return (hstr, final)
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__" :
    print (IEEE754(263.3))
    print (IEEE754(-263.3))


Output: 

4383A666
C383A666

 

Time complexity: The time complexity of this function is O(p) where p is the number of places of the decimal value passed to the function. This is because the function uses a for loop that runs for p iterations to convert the decimal value to binary.

Space complexity: The space complexity of this function is O(1), as the function uses only a few variables that are independent of the input size. The function does not use any data structures with size dependent on the input.



Last Updated : 31 Jan, 2023
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