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Python | Encoding Decoding using Matrix

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This article is about how we use the matrix to encode and decode a text message and simple strings.
Encoding process :

  1. Take a String convert to corresponding number shown below
  2. convert to 2D matrix(array). Now we have 2×2 matrix!
  3. When we multiply this matrix with encoding matrix we get encoded 2×2 matrix.
  4. now convert to vector(1D array) and Display to user

Decoding process

  • Take Encoded number convert into 2D matrix(array)
  • Inverse Encoding matrix!
  • Multiply Encoded matrix with inverse of encoding matrix.
  • convert to 1D Matrix(array).then convert to corresponding Alphabets.
  • Code : Encode.py




    # loading libraries
    import numpy as np
      
    =  [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
    =  [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
           [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]
      
    # encode matrix
    ecm = [[3,4], [3,6]]
    i = 0
    l = 0
       
    # Lists of Alphabets and its values
    smallalpha = [" ","a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h",
                  "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q",
                  "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"]
    capitalalpha = [" ","A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H",
                    "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q",
                    "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"]
    alphavalues = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
                   13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
                   23, 24, 25, 26, 27]
      
    # string to convert 
    b = "India"
    listb = list(b)
    lenb = len(listb)
       
    # Loop to convert Word to Values that 
    # are further useful for Encoding
    for i in range(lenb):
        for j in range(27):
            if(listb[i]  == smallalpha[j]):
                a[i] = alphavalues[j]
                if(j  == 23):
                    j = 0
                break
            if(j  == 23):
                for k in range(27):
                    if(listb[i]  == capitalalpha[k]):
                        a[i] = alphavalues[k]
                        break
                         
                       
    if(lenb%2 == 1):
        lenb = lenb+1
    a = a[0:lenb]
    tb = b
       
       
    # convert this array to 2D array for further 
    # multiplication with encoding matrix
      
    j = 0
    k = 0
      
    # b[m][n] m is always 2
    n = int(lenb/2)
    for i in range(0,lenb):
        if(j<n):
            c[k][j] = a[i]
            j = j+1
        else:
            k = k+1
            j = 0
            c[k][j] = a[i]
            j = j+1
               
               
    # Multiplay matrix by Encoding 2x2 matrix 
    c = np.matmul(ecm, c)
       
       
    # Convert to 1D array for displaying 
    i = 0
    j = 0
    k = 0
    for i in range(2):
        for in range(int(lenb/2)):
            a[k] = c[i][j]
            k = k+1
       
              
    a = a[0:lenb]
    print("Encoding matrix  =  ", ecm)
    print("encrypted form =  ", a)

    
    

    Time Complexity : O(n)(where n is length of message)
    Space Complexity : O(n)
     

    Output:

    Encoding matrix =  [[3, 4], [3, 6]]
    Encrypted form =  [63, 46, 12, 81, 48, 12]
    

    Code : Decode.py




    # importing libraries
    import numpy as np
    from numpy.linalg import inv
      
      
    # Initial values
    a =[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
      
    tdm =[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], 
          [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
      
    # encoding matrix
    ecm =[[3, 4],
         [3, 6]]
      
    # Lists of Alphabets and its values
    smallalpha = [" ","a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h",
                  "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q",
                  "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"]
    capitalalpha = [" ","A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H",
                    "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q",
                    "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"]
    alphavalues = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
                   13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
                   23, 24, 25, 26, 27]
      
      
    # Take inputs
    # elements in Encrypted Matrix
    lenb = 6
    a = [63, 46, 12, 81, 48, 12]
      
    sobj = slice(lenb)
    a = a[sobj]
      
      
    # convert array to 2d matrix to further 
    # multiplication with inverse of 2d matrix
    j = 0
    k = 0
      
    # b[m][n] m is always 2
    n = int(lenb / 2)
    for i in range(0, lenb):
        if(j<n):
            tdm[k][j]= a[i]
            j = j + 1
        else:
            k = k + 1
            j = 0
            tdm[k][j]= a[i]
            j = j + 1
      
              
    # Multiply by inverse matrix
    dcm = inv(ecm)
    dcm = np.matmul(dcm, tdm)
      
      
    # Convert to 1d array for extracting word
    i = 0
    j = 0
    k = 0
    for i in range(2):
        for j in range(int(lenb / 2)):
            a[k]= dcm[i][j]
            k = k + 1
               
      
    # Creating a decoded word
    text = ""
    for i in range(0, lenb):
        for j in range(0, 27):
            if(a[i]== alphavalues[j]):
                text =''.join([text, smallalpha[j]])
      
    print("Decoded message = "+text)

    
    


    Time Complexity :
    O(n)(where n is number of elements)
    Space Complexity : O(n)

    Output:

    Decoded message = india 


    Last Updated : 30 Dec, 2020
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