Program to add and Subtract Complex Numbers using Class in Java

In this article, we will try to add and subtract these two Complex Numbers by creating a Class for Complex Numbers, in which:

• The complex numbers will be initialized with the help of the constructor.
• The addition and subtraction will be performed with the help of function calls.
• The function will be called with the help of another class.

Example:

Input: a1 = 4, b1 = 8
        a2 = 5, b2 = 7
Output: 
Sum = 9 + i15
Difference = -1 + i
Explanation:
(4 + i8) + (5 + i7)
= (4 + 5) + i(8 + 7) 
= 9 + i15
(4 + i8) - (5 + i7)
= (4 - 5) + i(8 - 7) 
= -1 - i

Input: a1 = 9, b1 = 3
        a2 = 6, b2 = 1
Output: 
Sum = 15 + i4
Difference = 3 + 2i

Java

// Java program to add and subtract two
// complex numbers using Class

import java.util.*;

// User Defined Complex class
class Complex {

    // Declaring variables
    int real, imaginary;

    // Empty Constructor
    Complex()
    {
    }

    // Constructor to accept
    // real and imaginary part
    Complex(int tempReal, int tempImaginary)
    {
        real = tempReal;
        imaginary = tempImaginary;
    }

    // Defining addComp() method
    // for adding two complex number
    Complex addComp(Complex C1, Complex C2)
    {
        // creating temporary variable
        Complex temp = new Complex();

        // adding real part of complex numbers
        temp.real = C1.real + C2.real;

        // adding Imaginary part of complex numbers
        temp.imaginary = C1.imaginary + C2.imaginary;

        // returning the sum
        return temp;
    }

    // Defining subtractComp() method
    // for subtracting two complex number
    Complex subtractComp(Complex C1, Complex C2)
    {
        // creating temporary variable
        Complex temp = new Complex();

        // subtracting real part of complex numbers
        temp.real = C1.real - C2.real;

        // subtracting Imaginary part of complex numbers
        temp.imaginary = C1.imaginary - C2.imaginary;

        // returning the difference
        return temp;
    }

    // Function for printing complex number
    void printComplexNumber()
    {
        System.out.println("Complex number: "
                           + real + " + "
                           + imaginary + "i");
    }
}

// Main Class
public class GFG {

    // Main function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        // First Complex number
        Complex C1 = new Complex(3, 2);

        // printing first complex number
        C1.printComplexNumber();

        // Second Complex number
        Complex C2 = new Complex(9, 5);

        // printing second complex number
        C2.printComplexNumber();

        // for Storing the sum
        Complex C3 = new Complex();

        // calling addComp() method
        C3 = C3.addComp(C1, C2);

        // printing the sum
        System.out.print("Sum of ");
        C3.printComplexNumber();

        // calling subtractComp() method
        C3 = C3.subtractComp(C1, C2);

        // printing the difference
        System.out.print("Difference of ");
        C3.printComplexNumber();
    }
}

Output:

Complex number: 3 + 2i
Complex number: 9 + 5i
Sum of Complex number: 12 + 7i
Difference of Complex number: -6 + -3i

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)