Print Right View of a Binary Tree

Given a Binary Tree, print Right view of it. Right view of a Binary Tree is set of nodes visible when tree is visited from Right side.

Right view of following tree is 1 3 7 8

          1
       /     \
     2        3
   /   \     /  \
  4     5   6    7
                  \
                   8

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

The Right view contains all nodes that are last nodes in their levels. A simple solution is to do level order traversal and print the last node in every level.

The problem can also be solved using simple recursive traversal. We can keep track of level of a node by passing a parameter to all recursive calls. The idea is to keep track of maximum level also. And traverse the tree in a manner that right subtree is visited before left subtree. Whenever we see a node whose level is more than maximum level so far, we print the node because this is the last node in its level (Note that we traverse the right subtree before left subtree). Following is the implementation of this approach.

C++

// C++ program to print right view of Binary Tree 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
  
struct Node 
{ 
    int data; 
    struct Node *left, *right; 
}; 
  
// A utility function to  
// create a new Binary Tree Node 
struct Node *newNode(int item) 
{ 
    struct Node *temp = (struct Node *)malloc( 
                          sizeof(struct Node)); 
    temp->data = item; 
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL; 
    return temp; 
} 
  
// Recursive function to print 
// right view of a binary tree. 
void rightViewUtil(struct Node *root,  
                   int level, int *max_level) 
{ 
    // Base Case 
    if (root == NULL) return; 
  
    // If this is the last Node of its level 
    if (*max_level < level) 
    { 
        cout << root->data << "\t"; 
        *max_level = level; 
    } 
  
    // Recur for right subtree first,  
    // then left subtree 
    rightViewUtil(root->right, level + 1, max_level); 
    rightViewUtil(root->left, level + 1, max_level); 
} 
  
// A wrapper over rightViewUtil() 
void rightView(struct Node *root) 
{ 
    int max_level = 0; 
    rightViewUtil(root, 1, &max_level); 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
int main() 
{ 
    struct Node *root = newNode(1); 
    root->left = newNode(2); 
    root->right = newNode(3); 
    root->left->left = newNode(4); 
    root->left->right = newNode(5); 
    root->right->left = newNode(6); 
    root->right->right = newNode(7); 
    root->right->left->right = newNode(8); 
  
    rightView(root); 
  
    return 0; 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10 

C

// C program to print right view of Binary Tree 
#include<stdio.h> 
#include<stdlib.h> 
  
struct Node 
{ 
    int data; 
    struct Node *left, *right; 
}; 
  
// A utility function to create a new Binary Tree Node 
struct Node *newNode(int item) 
{ 
    struct Node *temp =  (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); 
    temp->data = item; 
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL; 
    return temp; 
} 
  
// Recursive function to print right view of a binary tree. 
void rightViewUtil(struct Node *root, int level, int *max_level) 
{ 
    // Base Case 
    if (root==NULL)  return; 
  
    // If this is the last Node of its level 
    if (*max_level < level) 
    { 
        printf("%d\t", root->data); 
        *max_level = level; 
    } 
  
    // Recur for right subtree first, then left subtree 
    rightViewUtil(root->right, level+1, max_level); 
    rightViewUtil(root->left, level+1, max_level); 
} 
  
// A wrapper over rightViewUtil() 
void rightView(struct Node *root) 
{ 
    int max_level = 0; 
    rightViewUtil(root, 1, &max_level); 
} 
  
// Driver Program to test above functions 
int main() 
{ 
    struct Node *root = newNode(1); 
    root->left = newNode(2); 
    root->right = newNode(3); 
    root->left->left = newNode(4); 
    root->left->right = newNode(5); 
    root->right->left = newNode(6); 
    root->right->right = newNode(7); 
    root->right->left->right = newNode(8); 
  
    rightView(root); 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to print right view of binary tree  
  
// A binary tree node 
class Node { 
  
    int data; 
    Node left, right; 
  
    Node(int item) { 
        data = item; 
        left = right = null; 
    } 
} 
  
// class to access maximum level by reference 
class Max_level { 
  
    int max_level; 
} 
  
class BinaryTree { 
  
    Node root; 
    Max_level max = new Max_level(); 
  
    // Recursive function to print right view of a binary tree. 
    void rightViewUtil(Node node, int level, Max_level max_level) { 
  
        // Base Case 
        if (node == null)  
            return; 
  
        // If this is the last Node of its level 
        if (max_level.max_level < level) { 
            System.out.print(node.data + " "); 
            max_level.max_level = level; 
        } 
  
        // Recur for right subtree first, then left subtree 
        rightViewUtil(node.right, level + 1, max_level); 
        rightViewUtil(node.left, level + 1, max_level); 
    } 
  
    void rightView() 
    { 
        rightView(root); 
    } 
  
    // A wrapper over rightViewUtil() 
    void rightView(Node node) { 
  
        rightViewUtil(node, 1, max); 
    } 
  
    // Driver program to test the above functions 
    public static void main(String args[]) { 
        BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); 
        tree.root = new Node(1); 
        tree.root.left = new Node(2); 
        tree.root.right = new Node(3); 
        tree.root.left.left = new Node(4); 
        tree.root.left.right = new Node(5); 
        tree.root.right.left = new Node(6); 
        tree.root.right.right = new Node(7); 
        tree.root.right.left.right = new Node(8); 
          
        tree.rightView(); 
  
        } 
} 
  
// This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal 

Python

# Python program to print right view of Binary Tree 
  
# A binary tree node 
class Node: 
    # A constructor to create a new Binary tree Node 
    def __init__(self, item): 
        self.data = item 
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
      
# Recursive function to print right view of Binary Tree 
# used max_level as reference list ..only max_level[0]  
# is helpful to us 
def rightViewUtil(root, level, max_level): 
      
    # Base Case 
    if root is None: 
        return
      
    # If this is the last node of its level 
    if (max_level[0] < level): 
        print "%d   " %(root.data), 
        max_level[0] = level 
  
    # Recur for right subtree first, then left subtree 
    rightViewUtil(root.right, level+1, max_level) 
    rightViewUtil(root.left, level+1, max_level) 
  
def rightView(root): 
    max_level = [0] 
    rightViewUtil(root, 1, max_level) 
  
  
# Driver program to test above function 
root = Node(1) 
root.left = Node(2) 
root.right = Node(3) 
root.left.left = Node(4) 
root.left.right = Node(5) 
root.right.left = Node(6) 
root.right.right = Node(7) 
root.right.left.right = Node(8) 
  
rightView(root) 
  
# This code is contributed by Nikhil Kumar Singh(nickzuck_007) 

C#

using System; 
  
// C# program to print right view of binary tree  
  
// A binary tree node  
public class Node 
{ 
  
    public int data; 
    public Node left, right; 
  
    public Node(int item) 
    { 
        data = item; 
        left = right = null; 
    } 
} 
  
// class to access maximum level by reference  
public class Max_level 
{ 
  
    public int max_level; 
} 
  
public class BinaryTree 
{ 
  
    public Node root; 
    public Max_level max = new Max_level(); 
  
    // Recursive function to print right view of a binary tree.  
    public virtual void rightViewUtil(Node node, int level, 
                                        Max_level max_level) 
    { 
  
        // Base Case  
        if (node == null) 
        { 
            return; 
        } 
  
        // If this is the last Node of its level  
        if (max_level.max_level < level) 
        { 
            Console.Write(node.data + " "); 
            max_level.max_level = level; 
        } 
  
        // Recur for right subtree first, then left subtree  
        rightViewUtil(node.right, level + 1, max_level); 
        rightViewUtil(node.left, level + 1, max_level); 
    } 
  
    public virtual void rightView() 
    { 
        rightView(root); 
    } 
  
    // A wrapper over rightViewUtil()  
    public virtual void rightView(Node node) 
    { 
  
        rightViewUtil(node, 1, max); 
    } 
  
    // Driver program to test the above functions  
    public static void Main(string[] args) 
    { 
        BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); 
        tree.root = new Node(1); 
        tree.root.left = new Node(2); 
        tree.root.right = new Node(3); 
        tree.root.left.left = new Node(4); 
        tree.root.left.right = new Node(5); 
        tree.root.right.left = new Node(6); 
        tree.root.right.right = new Node(7); 
        tree.root.right.left.right = new Node(8); 
  
        tree.rightView(); 
  
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Shrikant13 

Output:

1      3      7     8

Right view of Binary Tree using Queue

Time Complexity: The function does a simple traversal of the tree, so the complexity is O(n).

This article is contributed by Shalki Agarwal. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above

My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

C

Java

Python

C#

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