Print array of strings in sorted order without copying one string into another

Given an array of n strings. The task is to print the strings in sorted order. The approach should be such that no string should be copied to another string during the sorting process.

Examples:

Input : {"geeks", "for", "geeks", "quiz")
Output : for geeks geeks quiz

Input : {"ball", "pen", "apple", "kite"}
Output : apple ball kite pen

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Approach: It has the following steps:

Maintain another array indexed_arr which stores/maintains the index of each string.
We can apply any sorting technique to this indexed_arr.

An Illustration:

--> str[] = {"world", "hello"}
--> corresponding index array will be
    indexed_arr = {0, 1}
--> Now, how the strings are compared and 
    accordingly values in indexed_arr are changed.
--> Comparison process:
    if (str[index[0]].compare(str[index[1]] > 0
        temp = index[0]
        index[0] = index[1]
        index[1] = temp

// after sorting values of
// indexed_arr = {1, 0}
--> for i=0 to 1
        print str[index[i]]

This is how the strings are compared and their 
corresponding indexes in the indexed_arr
are being manipulated/swapped so that after the sorting process
is completed, the order of indexes in the indexed_arr
gives us the sorted order of the strings.

C++

// C++ implementation to print array of strings in sorted 
// order without copying one string into another 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
// function to print strings in sorted order 
void printInSortedOrder(string arr[], int n) 
{ 
    int index[n]; 
    int i, j, min; 
      
    // Initially the index of the strings 
    // are assigned to the 'index[]'  
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) 
        index[i] = i; 
      
    // selection sort technique is applied     
    for (i=0; i<n-1; i++)     
    { 
        min = i; 
        for (j=i+1; j<n; j++) 
        { 
            // with the help of 'index[]' 
            // strings are being compared 
            if (arr[index[min]].compare(arr[index[j]]) > 0) 
                min = j; 
        } 
          
        // index of the smallest string is placed 
        // at the ith index of 'index[]' 
        if (min != i) 
        { 
            int temp = index[min]; 
            index[min] = index[i]; 
            index[i] = temp; 
        } 
    } 
      
    // printing strings in sorted order 
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) 
        cout << arr[index[i]] << " "; 
} 
  
// Driver program to test above 
int main() 
{ 
    string arr[] = {"geeks", "quiz", "geeks", "for"}; 
    int n = 4; 
    printInSortedOrder(arr, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

//Java implementation to print array of strings in sorted 
// order without copying one string into another 
  
class GFG { 
  
    // function to print strings in sorted order 
    static void printInSortedOrder(String arr[], int n) { 
        int index[] = new int[n]; 
        int i, j, min; 
  
        // Initially the index of the strings 
        // are assigned to the 'index[]'  
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            index[i] = i; 
        } 
  
        // selection sort technique is applied     
        for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { 
            min = i; 
            for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) { 
                // with the help of 'index[]' 
                // strings are being compared 
                if (arr[index[min]].compareTo(arr[index[j]]) > 0) { 
                    min = j; 
                } 
            } 
  
            // index of the smallest string is placed 
            // at the ith index of 'index[]' 
            if (min != i) { 
                int temp = index[min]; 
                index[min] = index[i]; 
                index[i] = temp; 
            } 
        } 
  
        // printing strings in sorted order 
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            System.out.print(arr[index[i]] + " "); 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Driver program to test above 
    static public void main(String[] args) { 
        String arr[] = {"geeks", "quiz", "geeks", "for"}; 
        int n = 4; 
        printInSortedOrder(arr, n); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 

Python 3

# Python 3 implementation to print array  
# of strings in sorted order without  
# copying one string into another 
  
# function to print strings in sorted order 
def printInSortedOrder(arr, n): 
    index = [0] * n 
      
    # Initially the index of the strings 
    # are assigned to the 'index[]'  
    for i in range(n): 
        index[i] = i 
      
    # selection sort technique is applied  
    for i in range(n - 1): 
        min = i 
        for j in range(i + 1, n): 
              
            # with the help of 'index[]' 
            # strings are being compared 
            if (arr[index[min]] > arr[index[j]]): 
                min = j 
          
        # index of the smallest string is placed 
        # at the ith index of 'index[]' 
        if (min != i): 
            index[min], index[i] = index[i], index[min] 
      
    # printing strings in sorted order 
    for i in range(n): 
        print(arr[index[i]], end = " ") 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
      
    arr = ["geeks", "quiz", "geeks", "for"] 
    n = 4
    printInSortedOrder(arr, n) 
  
# This code is contributed by ita_c 

C#

      
//C# implementation to print an array of strings in sorted 
// order without copying one string into another 
 using System; 
public class GFG { 
   
    // function to print strings in sorted order 
    static void printInSortedOrder(String []arr, int n) { 
        int []index = new int[n]; 
        int i, j, min; 
   
        // Initially the index of the strings 
        // are assigned to the 'index[]'  
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            index[i] = i; 
        } 
   
        // selection sort technique is applied     
        for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { 
            min = i; 
            for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) { 
                // with the help of 'index[]' 
                // strings are being compared 
                if (arr[index[min]].CompareTo(arr[index[j]]) > 0) { 
                    min = j; 
                } 
            } 
   
            // index of the smallest string is placed 
            // at the ith index of 'index[]' 
            if (min != i) { 
                int temp = index[min]; 
                index[min] = index[i]; 
                index[i] = temp; 
            } 
        } 
   
        // printing strings in sorted order 
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { 
            Console.Write(arr[index[i]] + " "); 
        } 
    } 
   
    // Driver program to test above 
    static public void Main() { 
        String []arr = {"geeks", "quiz", "geeks", "for"}; 
        int n = 4; 
        printInSortedOrder(arr, n); 
    } 
} 
   
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 

Output:

for geeks geeks quiz

Time Complexity: O(n²)

The approach can have its usage when we have to minimize the number of disc writes as in the case of an array of structures. The structure values are compared but their values are not being swapped, instead, their index is maintained in another array, which is manipulated so as to keep the indexes in an order which represents the sorted array of structures.

Exercise: Apply this approach with the help of other sorting techniques like merge sort, insertion sort, etc.

This article is contributed by Ayush Jauhari. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python 3

C#

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