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Print all unique paths from given source to destination in a Matrix moving only down or right

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Given a 2-D array mat[][], a source ‘s’ and a destination ‘d’, print all unique paths from given ‘s’ to ‘d’.  From each cell, you can either move only to the right or down.

Examples:

Input: mat[][] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}, s[] = {0, 0}, d[]={1, 2}
Output:  
1 4 5 6
1 2 5 6
1 2 3 6

Input: mat[][] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}, s[] = {0, 1}, d[] = {1, 1}
Output: 2 4

Approach: Use recursion to move first right then down from each cell in the path of the matrix mat[][], starting from source, and store each value in a vector. If the destination is reached, print the vector as one of the possible paths. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

  • If the current cell is out of the boundary, then return.
  • Push the current cell’s value into the vector path[].
  • If the current cell is the destination, then print the current path.
  • Call the same function for the values {i+1, j} and {i, j+1}.

Below is the implementation of the above approach.

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
vector<vector<int> > mat;
vector<int> s;
vector<int> d;
int m = 2, n = 3;
 
// Function to print all the  paths
void printVector(vector<int> path)
{
    int cnt = path.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i += 2)
        cout << mat[path[i]][path[i + 1]]
             << " ";
    cout << endl;
}
 
// Function to find all the paths recursively
void countPaths(int i, int j, vector<int> path)
{
 
    // Base Case
    if (i > d[0] || j > d[1])
        return;
    path.push_back(i);
    path.push_back(j);
 
    // Destination is reached
    if (i == d[0] && j == d[1]) {
        printVector(path);
        return;
    }
 
    // Calling the function
    countPaths(i, j + 1, path);
    countPaths(i + 1, j, path);
}
 
// DriverCode
int main()
{
    mat = { { 1, 2, 3 },
            { 4, 5, 6 } };
    s = { 0, 0 };
    d = { 1, 2 };
    vector<int> path;
 
    countPaths(s[0], s[1], path);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{
 
  static Vector<Integer> s = new Vector<>();
  static Vector<Integer> d = new Vector<>();
  static int m = 2, n = 3;
 
  // Function to print all the  paths
  static void printVector(Vector<Integer> path, int[][] mat)
  {
    int cnt = path.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i += 2)
      System.out.print(mat[path.get(i)][path.get(i + 1)]+ " ");
    System.out.println();
  }
 
  // Function to find all the paths recursively
  static void countPaths(int i, int j, Vector<Integer> path, int[][]mat)
  {
 
    // Base Case
    if (i > d.get(0) || j > d.get(1))
      return;
    path.add(i);
    path.add(j);
 
    // Destination is reached
    if (i == d.get(0) && j == d.get(1)) {
      printVector(path,mat);
      path.remove(path.size()-1);
      path.remove(path.size()-1);
      return;
    }
 
    // Calling the function
    countPaths(i, j + 1, path,mat);
    countPaths(i + 1, j, path,mat);
    path.remove(path.size()-1);
    path.remove(path.size()-1);
  }
 
  // DriverCode
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[][] mat = {{ 1, 2, 3 },
                   { 4, 5, 6 } };
    s.add(0);
    s.add(0);
    d.add(1);
    d.add(2);
    Vector<Integer> path = new Vector<>();
 
    countPaths(s.get(0), s.get(1), path, mat);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji.


Python3




# Python code for the above approach
mat = None
s = None
d = None
m = 2
n = 3
 
# Function to print all the  paths
def printVector(path):
    cnt = len(path)
    for i in range(0, cnt, 2):
        print(mat[path[i]][path[i + 1]], end=" ")
 
    print("")
 
# Function to find all the paths recursively
def countPaths(i, j, path):
 
    # Base Case
    if (i > d[0] or j > d[1]):
        return
    path.append(i)
    path.append(j)
 
    # Destination is reached
    if (i == d[0] and j == d[1]):
        printVector(path)
        path.pop()
        path.pop()
        return
 
    # Calling the function
    countPaths(i, j + 1, path)
 
    countPaths(i + 1, j, path)
    path.pop()
    path.pop()
 
# DriverCode
mat = [[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]]
s = [0, 0]
d = [1, 2]
path = []
 
countPaths(s[0], s[1], path)
 
# This code is contributed by Saurabh Jaiswal


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class GFG {
 
  static List<int> s = new List<int>();
  static List<int> d = new List<int>();
  static int m = 2, n = 3;
 
  // Function to print all the paths
  static void printList(List<int> path, int[,] mat)
  {
    int cnt = path.Count;
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i += 2)
      Console.Write(mat[path[i],path[i + 1]] + " ");
    Console.WriteLine();
  }
 
  // Function to find all the paths recursively
  static void countPaths(int i, int j,
                         List<int> path, int[,] mat)
  {
 
    // Base Case
    if (i > d[0] || j > d[1])
      return;
    path.Add(i);
    path.Add(j);
 
    // Destination is reached
    if (i == d[0] && j == d[1]) {
      printList(path, mat);
      path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);
      path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);
      return;
    }
 
    // Calling the function
    countPaths(i, j + 1, path, mat);
    countPaths(i + 1, j, path, mat);
    path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);
    path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);
  }
 
  // DriverCode
  public static void Main(String[] args)
  {
    int[,] mat = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
    s.Add(0);
    s.Add(0);
    d.Add(1);
    d.Add(2);
    List<int> path = new List<int>();
 
    countPaths(s[0], s[1], path, mat);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji


Javascript




<script>
       // JavaScript code for the above approach
       let mat;
       let s;
       let d;
       let m = 2, n = 3;
 
       // Function to print all the  paths
       function printVector(path) {
           let cnt = path.length;
           for (let i = 0; i < cnt; i += 2)
               document.write(mat[path[i]][path[i + 1]] + " ")
 
           document.write("<br>")
       }
 
       // Function to find all the paths recursively
       function countPaths(i, j, path)
       {
 
           // Base Case
           if (i > d[0] || j > d[1])
               return;
           path.push(i);
           path.push(j);
 
           // Destination is reached
           if (i == d[0] && j == d[1]) {
               printVector(path);
               path.pop();
               path.pop();
               return;
           }
 
           // Calling the function
           countPaths(i, j + 1, path);
 
           countPaths(i + 1, j, path);
           path.pop();
           path.pop();
 
       }
 
       // DriverCode
       mat = [[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]];
       s = [0, 0];
       d = [1, 2];
       let path = [];
 
       countPaths(s[0], s[1], path);
 
 // This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh
   </script>


 
 

Output: 

1 2 3 6 
1 2 5 6 
1 4 5 6

 

Time Complexity: O(2n+m)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)



Last Updated : 04 Jan, 2022
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