Practice Set For Cell Biology

As we know that the cell is a structural and functional unit of life. So let us practice some important questions based on it-

Q.1 Who was given the cell term?
a) Robert Hooke
b) T. Schwann 
c) M. Schleiden 
d) Ernest
Ans- (a) Robert Hooke

• Robert Hooke first discovered the cell in 1665. 
• They observed cell thin slices of cork. 
• He observed from the cavities of the hollow space of cork and used the term cell. 
• The term cell is achieved from the Latin word “cella” which means hollow space.

      T. Schwann and M. Schleiden

• The cell theory was purposed by T. Schwann in the year 1839.
• These parts were based on a conclusion made by  T. Schwann and M. Schleiden in 1838, after differing their observations of plant and animal cells.

     Ernest

• The plasma membrane was the first time observed by Ernest Overton in the year 1899 in the plant cell.  

Q.2 Which of the following organelles shows similarity to a prokaryotic cell?
a) None of these
b) only mitochondria
c) chloroplast only
d) Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast
Ans- (d) Both Mitochondria and Chloroplast

• both chloroplast and mitochondria show similarities to a prokaryotic cell.
• The prokaryotic cell does not present a nucleus and the organism is not in complete development it is called a Premature or Primary cell
• Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms that are the earliest known on Earth.
• A prokaryotic cell has a membrane and hence all the reactions take place in the cytoplasm.
• They can be free-living or parasites

Q.3 Which material is a plant cell wall made up of?
a) Lipid
b) Carbohydrate
c) Cellulose
d) Protein
Ans-(c) Cellulose

• The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose.
• Cellulose fibres are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules. 
• Cellulose fibres aggregate into bundles of about 40, which are called microfibrils.
• Cellulose chains are arranged in microfibrils or bundles of polysaccharides arranged in fibrils.
• Cellulose is hard and fibrous. Cellulose is a water-insoluble polysaccharide that plays an important role in stabilizing the structure of plant cell walls.

Q.4 Which of the following is the most giant body cell?
a)  Ovum
b) Sperm
c) Neuron
d) RBCs
Ans-(a) Ovum

• The cell is the structural and functional unit of lifestyle.
• The size and shape of cells varies with their functions, for example, mycoplasma, the smallest cells, are only 0.3 µm in length whereas bacteria can range from 3 to 5 µm.
• The ovum is the largest cell in the human body.
• it has a diameter of about 0.1 mm.
• A nerve cell is the second-longest cell in the human body.
• Human red blood cells are about 7.0 μm in diameter

Q.5 How many DNA molecules are in each chromosome
a) One 
b) Two
c) Ten
d) Infinite
Ans-(a) One

• A single chromosome consists of only one DNA molecule and so many genes.
• In the nucleus of the cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes.
• A chromosome is made up of DNA, tightly coiled several times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
• DNA is a double helix structure.
• The information in DNA is stored as a  genetic code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
• DNA consists of two base pairs, A–T and G–C, linked by a sugar-phosphate backbone. 

Q,6 Which of the following organelles is known to be the “powerhouse” of the cell?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Cytoplast
d) Ribosome
Ans-( b)  Mitochondria

• Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelle that can be considered the Powerhouse of the cell.
• Mitochondria are tubular-shaped organelle that is found in the cytoplasm of every Eukaryotic cell.
• The chemical energy produced by mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called (ATP)  adenosine triphosphate.
  Chloroplast
• A chloroplast is an organelle within plant cells and some algae that are the site of photosynthesis, which is the process by which energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy for growth.

Cytoplast

• Cytoplast is a medical term used to explain cell membrane and cytoplasm.

Ribosomes

• Ribosomes are attached to the surface of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
• Ribosomes are the site for the manufacture of protein.

Q.7 Cell wall is not present in which cell?
a) Bacteria
b) Plant
c)  Fungi
d)  Human
Ans-(d) Human

• Cell walls are present in eukaryotes including most prokaryotes (except Mollicute bacteria), algae, fungi, and plants, but are absent in eukaryotes.
• Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast and other specialized plastids and a large central vacuole, whereas the animal cell is not. 

Q.8 What is a cell without a cell wall called?
a) Tonoplast
b)Protoplast
c)Symplast
d)Apoplast
Ans-(b ) Protoplast

• A cell without a cell wall is called a protoplast.
• The semipermeable membrane surrounding a vacuole in a plant cell is called Tonoplast
• The Symplast of a plant is the inner side of the plasma membrane in which water and low-molecular-weight solutes can freely diffuse. 
• The apoplast pathway includes the cell wall and the intercellular space. 

Q.9 The rRNA is synthesized by Which organelle  _________?
Golgi body
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Ans-(c) Nucleolus

• The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in the cell’s nucleus whose primary function is to produce and assemble the cell’s ribosomes. 
• The nucleolus is also where ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed.
• This serves as a site for active rRNA synthesis.
• Rough ER helps in the synthesis of ER proteins. 

    Golgi Body

• The Golgi body prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell. 

 Nucleus

• The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell 

     Cytoplasm

• The cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell 

Q.10  Which of the following scientist first observed Plasma Membrane?
a) T. Schwann 
b) Robert Hooke
c) Ernest Overton
d) All of the Above
Ans-(c) Ernest Overton

• A plasma Membrane was provided protection for a cell
• It was first observed in plant cells by Ernest Overton in the year 1899.
• It is isolating cell cytoplasm from the external medium to help in maintaining in term of composition and regulating the entrance and exit of molecules and ions in and out of the cell.
• Robert Hooke first discovered the cell in 1665. 
• T. Schwann was purposed cell theory in the year 1839. 

Q.11 When the word cell was used?
a) 1665
b) 1666
c) 1667
d) 1668
Ans-(a) 1665

• Robert Hooke first discovered the cell in the year 1665. 
• Robert Hooke was an English scientist who coined the term cell for the honeycomb structures seen in cork slices.
• He didn’t look inside a cell, he searched for the cell and coined the term.
• He used a primitive compound microscope.
• He only saw the cell wall as dead tissue. 

Q.12 Ribosomes are formed of?
a) DNA and RNA
b) RNA and Protein
c) Protein and DNA 
d) Amino Acid and Protein
Ans-(b) RNA and Protein

• Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. The molecule of RNA which is a component of the ribosome organelle is called ribosomal RNA.
• Ribosomes are composed of ribonucleic acids and proteins.
• The ribosome is made up of two subunits-
  • Large subunits -to join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Small subunits- to reads RNA. 

Q.13  Which of the following cell division occur in the Eukaryotic Cell?
a) Simple fission
b) Mitosis
c) Meiosis
d) Both Mitosis and Meiosis
Ans-( d) Both Mitosis and Meiosis

• Cell division occurs in the Eukaryotic Cell Both Mitosis and Meiosis
• Cell division in eukaryotic organisms is necessary for the development, growth, and repair of the organism. 
• Cell division is the process by which a matured cell divides and forms 2 nearly equal daughter cells that resemble the parental cell in a number of characteristics.
• Mitosis is the most dramatic stage of the cell cycle, corresponding to the separation of daughter chromosomes and usually ending with cell division.
• Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. 

Q.14 The study of the cell is called as ………….?
a) Cell Biology
b) Biology
c) Biotechnology
d) Zoology
Ans-(a) Cell Biology

• The study of the cell is called cell Biology.
• The study of living organisms is divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behaviour, origin, and distribution.
• The study of new technology is called Biotechnology.
• The study of animals is called zoology. 

Q.15 Which cell organelle are known as “suicidal bags”?
a) Ribosome
b) Lysosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Chromosome
Ans-( b) Lysosome
Lysosome

• Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus. 
• These are also called ”Suicidal bags” because of their phagocytic activity.
• Lysosome keeps the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. 

     Ribosomes 

• The ribosome is also known as the’ Protein Factory’ as the site of protein Synthesis.

     Mitochondria

• The Mitochondria are known as the ‘Power House of Energy’. The chemical energy produced by mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called (ATP)  adenosine triphosphate.

     Chromosome

• A chromosome is a thread-like structure.it consists of genetic material. 

Q.16 Which of the following cell organelle is involved in apoptosis?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosome
d) ER
Ans-(b) Mitochondria

• Mitochondria play key roles in activating apoptosis in mammalian cells.
• Mitochondria are pivotal in the control of apoptosis, being involved not only in the intrinsic but also in the extrinsic pathway.
• The death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism’s growth or development is called apoptosis. 

Q.17 Which of the following cell organelles is absent in prokaryotic cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Lysosome
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) All of the above
Ans-(d) All of the above.

• A prokaryotic cell is a primitive cell which lacks membrane-bounded organelles and an organised nucleus. 
• Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a membrane-bound true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, E.R. etc.  

Q.18 Which cell organelles are involved in the storage of food, and other nutrients, required for a cell to survive?
a) Vacuoles
b) Lysosome
c) Mitochondria
d) Cell membrane
Ans- (a) Vacuoles

• The word “vacuole” means “empty space”. They help in the storage and disposal of various substances. They can store food or other nutrients needed by a cell.
• vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products 

Q.19 Which of the following cell organelles is involved in the breakdown of organic matter?
a) Lysosomes
b) Cytoplasm
c) Golgi bodies
d) Mitochondria
Ans-(a) Lysosomes

• The lysosome is involved in the breakdown of organic matter.
• Lysosomes are organelles that digest and dispose of unwanted protein, DNA, RNA, carbohydrates, and lipids in the cell. 
• The inside of the lysosome is acidic and contains many enzymes that break down molecules.
• Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus. 
• These are also called ”Suicidal bags” because of their phagocytic activity.
• Lysosome keeps the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. 

Q.20 Which of the following is not a double membrane-bound organelle?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) All of the above
Ans-(c) Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Endoplasmic Reticulum, not a double membrane-bound organelle.
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.