Practice Set for Biological Classification

Biological classification is the scientific process of arranging organisms into a hierarchical series of groups and sub-groups based on their similarities and dissimilarities. Organisms are usually grouped together on the basis of their unique characteristics. The classification of an organism often provides useful information about its evolutionary history and other related organisms.

Q.1 Who is the author of “Species Plantarum”?
a) John Rey 
b) Darvin
c) Lamarck
d) Linnaeus

Ans- (D)

• Carl Linnaeus is the author of “Species Plantarum”.
• “Species Plantarum” was published in the year 1753.
• The Species Plantarum includes names and descriptions of 5900 species of plants, the binomial nomenclature was given by Linnaeus.
• Carl Linnaeus was a botanist, scientist, and physician.
• Their purpose is the modern system of naming organisms for binomial nomenclature.
• Carl Linnaeus is the “father of modern classification”.

Q2. Which of the following kingdom living beings are multicellular producers?
a) Protista
b) Animalia
c) Plantae
d) Fungi

Ans- ( c) 

• Plantae kingdom living beings are multicellular producers.
• Cellulose is present around the cells or vacuoles are found in cells.  
• Plantae kingdom is autotrophs because they make their own food by photosynthesis, and store the food in foam starch.
• Their cells are Eukaryotes and a cell wall is present. 
• For example –  Algae, Furn

Q3. Who is the author of Systema Naturae?
a) Carolus Linnaeus
b) Charles Darvin
c) John Ray 
d) Gregor Johann Mendel

Ans- (a)

• Carolus Linnaeus is the author of Systema Naturae.
• Carolus Linnaeus is the “father of modern classification”.
• He wrote many books like – Species Plantarum, Genera Plantarum, Skanska Ressa.
• He was the first attempt to classify plants and animals which was published in the year 1735 as Systema Naturae.
• He organized a new system of classification for all living things.

Q4. Who is the father of botany?
a) Aristotle
b) Theophrastus
c) Linnaeus 
d) John Ray 

Ans- (b) 

• Theophrastus is known as the father of botany for his works on plants.
• Theophrastus (371–287 BC), a Greek native of Aresos in Lesbos, was Aristotle’s successor in the Peripatetic school.
• Theophrastus’ concern was broad, spanning from biology and physics to ethics and metaphysics.
• He wrote many books and the most famous of them were On the Investigation of Plants and the Causes of Plants.

Q5. Which of the following group is the place of the blue-green algae?
a) Eukaryotic 
b) Prokaryotic 
c) Myxomycetes
d) Ascomycetes

Ans- (b)

• Blue-green algae are included in the group of cyanobacteria and are a heterogeneous group of prokaryotic predominantly photosynthetic organisms.
• Blue-green algae do not arrange multicellular body designs like plants.
• The nuclear material isn’t enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
• Cell organelles are also not combined with the membrane.
• All these traits suggest that the blue-green algae belong to the Monera kingdom rather than the Plantae.

Q6. In which two parts of the kingdom Monera has been divided into six kingdom classifications?
a) Eubacteria and Archaea
b) Algae and Fungi
c) Unicellular and Multicellular 
d) None of these

Ans- (a)

• Carl Woese proposed the Six Kingdoms classification system in the year 1990
• In the Six Kingdoms classification, Monera was divided into two parts Archaea and Eubacteria.
• These organisms are unicellular prokaryotes that do not have well-developed cell organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, etc. 

Q7. What is the plant classification of Linnaeus?
a) Artificial 
b) Natural 
c) Phylogenetic 
d) None of these 

Ans- (a)  Artificial  

• Plant classification of Linnaeus is an artificial system.
• The artificial system consists of knowledge of the colour, form, shape, size, location and use of animals for humans. Some examples of artificial systems are- Aquatic Animals, Terrestrial animals, Domestic animals, Useful Animals, and Parasitic animals.

Q8. What is the phylogenetic classification based on?
a) Utility System
b) Behavior of Plants 
c) Evolutionary Relationship
d) None of these 

Ans- (c)

• Phylogenetic systems of taxonomy demonstrate the evolutionary relationships of entities
• Organisms that are closely related and have a common ancestor are placed in the same group.
• The classification of organisms based on their phylogeny (evolutionary relationships) is called a cladogram and each group of cladograms is called a clade.

Q9. In which class are prokaryotes placed?
a) Monera
b) Protista 
c) Arthropoda 
d) Trichophyte

Ans- (a) 

• A prokaryote is a relatively simple single-celled organism.
• They belong to the Kingdom of Monera.
• Eukaryotes are complex organisms that include all multi-celled organisms.

Important Point

• The five-kingdom classification intended by Whitaker is Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
• Carl Woese was the object of a six-kingdom classification by Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria.
• In the six-kingdom classification, Monera was divided into two parts Archaea and Eubacteria.

Q10. The organism that receives nutrition by ingestion is called? 
a) Plantae 
b) Fungi 
c) Animalia 
d) Monera

Ans- (c)

Animalia

• The organism that receives nutrition by ingestion is called Animalia.
• Animalia kingdom organisms are multicellular eukaryotes
• The mode of nutrition is heterotrophic i.e. they depend on other organisms for food. 

Q11. Who was given the binomial system?
a) John Rey 
b) Linnaeus 
c) Bentham and Hooker
d) Hutchinson

Ans- (b) 

• Carl Linnaeus was a botanist, scientist and physician.
• Their purpose is the modern system of naming organisms for binomial nomenclature.
• Carl Linnaeus is the “father of modern classification”.
• He gave this naming system in his book ‘Species Plantarum’.
• In this technique, the name of any organism is kept in two parts.
• For example – Humans are called “Homo Sapiens”.
• In this, the name ‘Homo’ denotes its genus while ‘Sapiens’ denotes species.

Q12. Which one of the following acids is not produced by Aspergillus Niger.
a) Gallic Acid
b) Oxalic Acid
c) Citric Acid
d) Gluconic Acid

Ans- (a)

• Aspergillus niger is a fungus commonly known as the black mould.
• Aspergillus niger is a filamentous fungus that occurs naturally on leftover fruits and vegetables.
• It is widely used by industries for the production of different enzymes and other compounds.
• It is the main source of industrial citric acid.
• Production of gluconic acid and oxalic acid by A. Niger can also be done on a selective medium.
• These organic acids are produced by submerged fermentation using different carbohydrate sources like molasses.

Q13. The virion is
a) Nucleic acid
b) Nucleocapsid
c) Capsid
d) None of the above

Ans- (b)

• Virion is a completely infectious virus particle that can enter outside of the host cell.
• The virion consists of:
  • Capsid – It is the upper protein layer that is made up of the smaller subunits called capsomeres.
  • Core – It is the inside  part that consists of the nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  • the virion is also called a ‘nucleocapsid’
  • The primary function of the capsid is to protect the viral genome.
• Mistake Points A virus is different from a virion because, unlike virions, they cannot survive outside the host cell.…

Q14. Which of the following scientist was given the word of species?
a) Darvin 
b) Lamarck 
c) John Ray 
d) Linnaeus

Ans- ( c)

• John Ray was given the word of species.
• A species is a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of interbreeding.
• Taxonomic studies treat a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species.
• Species are the basic unit of classification.
• Species are ranked at the bottom of a genus and are denoted by the Latin binomial.
• Each genus may have one or more distinct adjectives representing different organisms.

Q15. Who are the largest Bacteria?
a) Spirillum volutans
b) Diplococcus pneumoniae
c) Dialister pneumosintes
d) Beggiatoa mirabilis 

Ans- (d) 

• Beggiatoa mirabilis is the largest bacteria.
• Beggiatoa mirabilis is one of the first bacteria founded by Sergei Winogradsky.
• He was the father of modern geomicrobiology. 
• Beggiatoa is a genus of colourless, filamentous proteobacteria with cells up to 200 µm in diameter, species of Beggiatoa are among the largest prokaryotes.

Q16. What is a plasmid?
a) Virus 
b) Different DNA In Chromosome
c) Genetics Unit In Bacteria
d) None of these 

Ans- (b) 

Different DNA In Chromosome

• A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule that is present in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms. 
• A plasmid measures 1 to 200 kb in size and produces enzymes that can degrade antibiotics or heavy metals
• Plasmids are also called extrachromosomal DNA

Q17. Who is the father of Bacteriology?
a) Louis Pasture 
b) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
c) Robert Coach 
d) Linnaeus 

Ans- (a)

• Louis Pasteur is considered the father of bacteriology.
• He was a French microbiologist and chemist who invented pasteurization, which made milk safer.
• They also explored the association between bacteria through milk.

Q18. Vinegar is made from alcohol?
a) Acetobacter 
b) Azotobacterial
c) Rhizobium
d) Bacillus 

Ans- (a) 

• Vinegar is a product made from the conversion of ethyl alcohol into acetic acid by a genus of bacteria called Acetobacter.
• Vinegar can be produced from any alcoholic content, from wine-water mixtures to various fruit wines (Peepler and Beaman 1967).

Q19. What is Nostoke’s formula called?
a) Trichomes
b) Periplasm
c) Hype
d) Mycelium

Ans- (a) 

Trichomes

• Nostoke’s formula is called Trichomes.
• Trichomes can be either unicellular or multicellular and are either glandular, with a stalk terminating in the head of a gland, or non-glandular, with elongated tapering structures. 

Q20. What is the largest group of Monera? 
a) Eubacteria 
b) Cyanobacteria
c) Archaebacteria
d) None of these 

Ans- (a) 

Eubacteria

• Eubacteria is the largest group of Monera.
• The taxonomy Monera was first formulated as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in the year 1866.
• The biologically and scientifically correct name of the bacteria is Monera.
• Monera is a kingdom that consists of unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization, such as bacteria.
• They are single-celled organisms with no true nuclear membrane