PostgreSQL Tutorial

PostgreSQL is one of the most advanced general-purpose object-relational database management systems, and it is open-source. Being open-source software, its source code is available under PostgreSQL license, a liberal open source license. Anyone with the right skills is free to use, modify, and distribute PostgreSQL in any form.

Contemporary relational databases like MySQL, MariaDB, Apache Hive, etc all operate on the similar principle of establishing relationships among data, but PostgreSQL has additional features like table inheritance and function overloading as PostgreSQL supports the concept of Data objects.

In this PostgreSQL tutorial you’ll learn the basic data types like Boolean, char, text, time, int, etc., Querying and Filtering techniques like select, where, in, order by, etc. managing and modifying the tables in PostgreSQL. We’ll cover all the basic to advance concepts of PostgreSQL in this tutorial.

Table of Content

• Basics
• Data Types
• Querying & Filtering Data
• Managing Tables
• Modifying Data
• Conditionals
• Control Flow
• Transactions & Constraints
• Working with JOINS & Schemas
• Roles & Permissions

• Working with Sets
• Subquery & CTEs
• User-defined Functions
• Important In-Built Functions
• PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL
• Variables & Constants
• Stored Procedures
• Working with Triggers
• Working with Views & Indexes
• Errors & Exception Handling

Basics

• PostgreSQL – Introduction
• Install PostgreSQL on Windows
• Install PostgreSQL on Mac
• PostgreSQL – Loading a Database
• PostgreSQL – Create Database
• PostgreSQL – ALTER DATABASE
• PostgreSQL – DROP DATABASE
• PostgreSQL – Rename Database
• PostgreSQL – Copy Database
• PostgreSQL – Size of a Database
• PostgreSQL – Show Databases

Data Types

• PostgreSQL – Data Types
• PostgreSQL – Boolean Data Type
• PostgreSQL – CHAR Data Type
• PostgreSQL – VARCHAR Data Type
• PostgreSQL – TEXT Data Type
• PostgreSQL – NUMERIC Data Type
• PostgreSQL – SMALLINT Integer Data Type
• PostgreSQL – INTEGER Data Type
• PostgreSQL – BIGINT Integer Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Date Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Timestamp Data Type.
• PostgreSQL – UUID Data Type
• PostgreSQL – TIME Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Interval Data Type
• PostgreSQL – User-defined Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Array Data Type
• PostgreSQL – hstore Data Type
• PostgreSQL – JSON Data Type

Querying & Filtering Data

• PostgreSQL – SELECT
• PostgreSQL – SELECT DISTINCT clause
• PostgreSQL – ORDER BY clause
• PostgreSQL – WHERE clause
• PostgreSQL – LIMIT clause
• PostgreSQL – FETCH clause
• PostgreSQL – IN operator
• PostgreSQL – IS NULL operator
• PostgreSQL – LIKE operator
• PostgreSQL – NOT LIKE operator
• PostgreSQL – BETWEEN operator
• PostgreSQL – HAVING clause
• PostgreSQL – GROUP BY clause

Managing Tables

• PostgreSQL – CREATE TABLE
• PostgreSQL – SELECT INTO
• PostgreSQL – Create Auto-increment Column using SERIAL
• PostgreSQL – CREATE SEQUENCE
• PostgreSQL – Identity Column
• PostgreSQL – ALTER TABLE
• PostgreSQL – Rename Table
• PostgreSQL – ADD COLUMN
• PostgreSQL – DROP COLUMN
• PostgreSQL – Change Column Type
• PostgreSQL – RENAME COLUMN
• PostgreSQL – DROP TABLE
• PostgreSQL – TRUNCATE TABLE
• PostgreSQL – Temporary Table
• PostgreSQL – Temporary table name
• PostgreSQL – Removing Temporary Table
• PostgreSQL – Copy a Table
• PostgreSQL – Comparing Tables
• PostgreSQL – Describe Table
• PostgreSQL – Show Tables
• PostgreSQL – Import CSV File Into Table

Modifying Data

• PostgreSQL – INSERT
• PostgreSQL – Insert multiple rows
• PostgreSQL – UPDATE
• PostgreSQL – DELETE
• PostgreSQL – Upsert

Conditionals

• PostgreSQL – CASE
• PostgreSQL – COALESCE
• PostgreSQL – NULLIF() Function
• PostgreSQL – CAST

Control Flow

• PostgreSQL – IF Statement
• PostgreSQL – CASE Statement
• PostgreSQL – Loop Statement
• PostgreSQL – While Loops
• PostgreSQL – For Loops
• PostgreSQL – Exit
• PostgreSQL – Continue

Transactions & Constraints

• PostgreSQL – Transactions
• PostgreSQL – COMMIT
• PostgreSQL – BEGIN
• PostgreSQL – ROLLBACK
• PostgreSQL – Primary Key
• PostgreSQL – Foreign Key
• PostgreSQL – CHECK Constraint
• PostgreSQL – UNIQUE Constraint
• PostgreSQL – NOT NULL Constraint

Working with JOINS & Schemas

• PostgreSQL – Joins
• PostgreSQL – LEFT JOIN
• PostgreSQL – INNER JOIN
• PostgreSQL – FULL OUTER JOIN
• PostgreSQL – SELF JOIN
• PostgreSQL – Schema
• PostgreSQL – CREATE SCHEMA
• PostgreSQL – DROP SCHEMA
• PostgreSQL – ALTER SCHEMA

Roles & Permissions

• PostgreSQL – CREATE ROLE
• PostgreSQL – ALTER ROLE
• PostgreSQL – DROP ROLE
• PostgreSQL – GRANT
• PostgreSQL – REVOKE
• PostgreSQL – Role Membership

Working with Sets

• PostgreSQL – UNION operator
• PostgreSQL – INTERSECT Operator
• PostgreSQL – EXCEPT Operator
• PostgreSQL – GROUPING SETS
• PostgreSQL – CUBE
• PostgreSQL – ROLLUP

Subquery & CTEs

• PostgreSQL – ANY Operator
• PostgreSQL – ALL Operator
• PostgreSQL – EXISTS Operator
• PostgreSQL – CTE
• PostgreSQL – Deleting Duplicate Rows using Subquery

User-defined Functions

• PostgreSQL – CREATE FUNCTION Statement
• PostgreSQL – Function parameter modes
• PostgreSQL – Function Overloading
• PostgreSQL – Function that returns table
• PostgreSQL – Drop Function

Important In-Built Functions

• PostgreSQL – AVG() Function
• PostgreSQL – COUNT() Function
• PostgreSQL – MAX() Function
• PostgreSQL – MIN() Function
• PostgreSQL – SUM() Function
• PostgreSQL – FIRST_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL – LAST_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL – NTH_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL – ROW_NUMBER Function
• PostgreSQL – CURRENT_DATE Function
• PostgreSQL – CURRENT_TIME Function
• PostgreSQL – EXTRACT Function
• PostgreSQL- CONCAT Function
• PostgreSQL – FORMAT Function
• PostgreSQL – UPPER function
• PostgreSQL- LOWER function
• PostgreSQL – REGEXP_MATCHES Function
• PostgreSQL – REGEXP_REPLACE Function
• PostgreSQL – REPLACE Function

Visit PostgreSQL In-Built functions for more.

PostgreSQL Advance Concepts

PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL

• PostgreSQL – Dollar-Quoted String Constants
• PostgreSQL – Block Structure

Variables & Constants

• PostgreSQL – Variables
• PostgreSQL – Select Into
• PostgreSQL – Row type variables
• PostgreSQL – Record type variable
• PostgreSQL – Constants

Stored Procedures

• PostgreSQL – Introduction to Stored Procedures
• PostgreSQL – CREATE PROCEDURE
• PostgreSQL – Drop Procedure

Working with Triggers

• PostgreSQL – Trigger
• PostgreSQL – CREATE TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL – DROP TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL – ALTER TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL – Disabling a Trigger
• PostgreSQL – Enabling a Trigger

Working with Views & Indexes

• PostgreSQL – CREATE INDEX
• PostgreSQL – DROP INDEX
• PostgreSQL – List Indexes
• PostgreSQL – UNIQUE Index
• PostgreSQL – Partial Index
• PostgreSQL – Index On Expression
• PostgreSQL – REINDEX
• PostgreSQL – Multicolumn Indexes

Errors & Exception Handling

• PostgreSQL – Errors and Messages
• PostgreSQL – Exception Handling
• PostgreSQL – Assert

Advantages of PostgreSQL

• PostgreSQL has the feature of write-ahead logging.
• Many replication methods are supported.
• It has ability to make large-scale web applications because it is robust and powerful.
• It is easy to learn.
• According to the organization we can edit and modify it easily because PostgreSQL is available for free to its open source license.

FAQs on PostgreSQL

Q.1 How to create new Database in PostgreSQL?

Answer:

There are two methods of creating a new database:

1. CREATE DATABASE (SQL command)
2. createdb (command-line executable)

Q.2 What are the different Operators in PostgreSQL?

Answer:

It includes :

• Arithmetic operators
• Logic operators
• Comparison operators
• Bitwise operators

Q.3 What are the disadvantages with PostgreSQL?

Answer:

Performance wise PostgreSQL is slower than MySQL and Open source applications are less than MySQL.

Q.4 How to delete a PostgreSQL database?

Answer:

1. DROP DATABASE (SQL command)
2. dropdb (command-line)