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Physiographic divisions of Great Plains of India

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The interaction of the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra river systems, as well as their tributaries, resulted in the formation of the northern plains. This plain covers 7 lakh square kilometers. The plain, which is a densely inhabited physiographic region, is approximately 2400 km long and 240 to 320 km wide. It is an extremely fertile region in India for agriculture thanks to its high soil cover, sufficient water supply, and suitable temperature.

Physiographic Divisions of Great Plains of India

The lush plains located between the Indus and Ganges rivers are included in the vast geographical region known as the Great Plains of India (sometimes called the Indo-Gangetic plains). These plains, which include some of the most fertile landmasses on Indian territory, are ideal for farming, cultivation, crop production, and other agricultural pursuits.

The Great North Indian plains have an unnoticeable slope and a uniform surface. These are fertile alluvial plains created by the Himalayan Rivers’ deposition process. The Vindhyan Rivers play a significant part in making the land productive, alongside the Himalayan Rivers. Along the foothills, it scatters a lot of sediment. This region is fertile and the nation’s breadbasket thanks to sedimentary deposition, and it is important in the socio-economic and cultural realms. Based on relief features, the Great North Indian plain is divided into the following subdivisions:

  1. The Bhabar Plains
  2. The Tarai Tract
  3. The Bhangar
  4. The Khadar
  5. Delta Plains

Bhabar Plains

The Bhabar lowlands stretch from Jammu to Assam to the south of Shiwalik. The western section of the Bhabar Plains is wider than the eastern region. Gravel and undifferentiated sediment deposits make up the Bhabar tract. Rivers flowing down from the Himalayas deposit this material. It is not possible to cultivate in this area. Large trees with deep roots dominate the landscape.

Tarai tract

South of the Bhabar tract is the Tarai tract. It is a swampy region with a malaria-prone environment. The eastern portion of the Tarai tract is wider. This region has heavy rainfall, high humidity, dense forest, and a diverse range of flora and wildlife. Due to its abundance in humus and organic waste, the Tarai tract in Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh has just been certified for agriculture. Wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, and other crops can all be grown successfully there.

Bhangar Plains

Upland alluvial tracts are represented by these older alluvial plains. These lands are suited for farming and have good drainage. It was created by the depositional processes that took place in the middle Pleistocene. This region is above the rivers’ floodplains. The humus-rich soil produces a high yield. It has naturally impure calcium carbonate nodules known as “Kankars.”

Khadar Plains

These are brand-new alluvial deposits along the river’s path. Each year, new silt deposits add to its enrichment. Sand, mud, clay, and silt make up the Khadar land silt. Sugarcane, rice, wheat, maize, and oilseeds are all grown in the Khadar lands.

Delta Plains

It is believed that the delta plain represents an extension of Khadar land. In the lower sections of the Ganga River, this region is a depositional area. It consists of marsh, fresh mud, and ancient mud. The delta region’s uplands are referred to as “Chars,” and its marshy regions as “Bills.” Paddy, tea, and jute can all be grown successfully here.

Sample Problems

Question 1: What is the extent of Himalayas?

Answer:

Along India’s northern boundaries, the Himalayas are present. From the Indus to the Brahmaputra, the Himalayas extend in a west-to-east orientation.

Question 2: In which part Himalayan altitudinal extent is greater?

Answer:

Greater altitudinal expanse can be found in the eastern than the western Himalayas.

Question 3: Why is Himadri mountain range named so?

Answer:

Himadri, which translates to “abode of snow” in Sanskrit, refers to the range’s constant cover of snow.

Question 4: Mention the extent of Northern plains of India.

Answer:

India’s northern lowlands cover 7 lakh square kilometers. It is between 240 and 320 kilometers wide and 2400 km long.

Question 5: Why does Northern plains considered as agriculturally productive part of India?

Answer:

The northern plains of India are an agriculturally productive region due to the presence of rich soil cover, enough water supply, and a favourable climate.


Last Updated : 03 Jul, 2022
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