In the PHP each and every property of a class in must have one of three visibility levels, known as public, private, and protected.
- Public: Public properties can be accessed by any code, whether that code is inside or outside the class. If a property is declared public, its value can be read or changed from anywhere in your script.
- Private: Private properties of a class can be accessed only by code inside the class. So if we create a property that’s declared private, only methods and objects inside the same class can access its contents.
- Protected: Protected class properties are a bit like private properties in that they can’t be accessed by code outside the class, but there’s one little difference in any class that inherits from the class i.e. base class can also access the properties.
Generally speaking, it’s a good idea to avoid creating public properties wherever possible. Instead, it’s safer to create private properties, then to create methods that allow code outside the class to access those properties. This means that we can control exactly how our class’s properties are accessed.
Note: If we attempt to access the property outside the class, PHP generates a fatal error.
PHP Access Specifier’s feasibility with Class, Sub Class and Outside World :
Class Memmber Access Specifier | Access from own class | Accessible from derived class | Accessible by Object |
---|---|---|---|
Private | Yes | No | No |
Protected | Yes | Yes | No |
Public | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Below examples illustrate the Access Soecifier of PHP:
- Example 1: In this example, we will see the Public Access Specifier.
<?php
class
GeeksForGeeks
{
public
$x
= 100 ; #
public
attributes
public
$y
= 50 ;
function
add()
{
echo
$a
=
$this
->x +
$this
->y ;
echo
" "
;
}
}
class
child
extends
GeeksForGeeks
{
function
sub()
{
echo
$s
=
$this
->x -
$this
->y ;
}
}
$obj
=
new
child;
// It will return the addition result
$obj
->add() ;
// It's a derived class of the main class,
// which has a public object and therefore can be
// accessed, returning the subtracted result.
$obj
->sub() ;
?>
- Output:
150 50
- Example 2: In this example, we will see the Private Access Specifier
<?php
class
GeeksForGeeks
{
private
$a
= 75 ; #
private
attributes
private
$b
= 5 ;
private
function
div() #
private
member
function
{
echo
$d
=
$this
->a /
$this
->b ;
echo
" "
;
}
}
class
child
extends
GeeksForGeeks
{
function
mul()
{
echo
$m
=
$this
->a *
$this
->b ;
}
}
$obj
=
new
child;
// It's supposed to return the division result
// but since the data and function are private
// they can't be accessed by a derived class
// which will lead to fatal error .
$obj
->div();
// It's a derived class of the main class,
// which's accessing the private data
// which again will lead to fatal error .
$obj
->mul();
?>
- Output:
PHP Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to private method GeeksForGeeks::div() from context '' in /home/cg/root/8030907/ main.php:22 Stack trace:#0 {main} thrown in /home/cg/root/8030907/ main.php on line 22
- Example 3: In this example, we will see the Protected Access Specifier.
<?php
class
GeeksForGeeks
{
protected
$x
= 1000 ; #
protected
attributes
protected
$y
= 100 ;
function
div()
{
echo
$d
=
$this
->x /
$this
->y ;
echo
" "
;
}
}
class
child
extends
GeeksForGeeks
{
function
sub()
{
echo
$s
=
$this
->x -
$this
->y ;
}
}
class
derived # Outside Class
{
function
mul()
{
echo
$m
=
$this
->x *
$this
->y ;
}
}
$obj
=
new
child;
// It will return the division result
$obj
->div();
// Since it's a derived class of the main class,
$obj
->sub();
// Since it's an outside class, therefore it
// will produce a fatal error .
$obj
->mul();
?>
- Output :
10 900 Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined method child::mul() in /home/cg/root/8030907/main.php:32
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