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Permutation of Array such that sum of adjacent elements are not divisible by 3

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Given an array arr[] of positive integers, the task is to find the permutation of the array such that the sum of adjacent elements is not divisible by 3.

Note: If there is no such permutation of the array print -1. 

Examples: 

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 
Output: 4 1 3 5 2 
Explanation: 
Sum of adjacent elements => 
arr[0] + arr[1] = 4 + 1 = 5 % 3 != 0 
arr[1] + arr[2] = 1 + 3 = 4 % 3 != 0 
arr[2] + arr[3] = 3 + 5 = 8 % 3 != 0 
arr[3] + arr[4] = 5 + 2 = 7 % 3 != 0

Input: arr[] = {1, 24, 30, 42, 51} 
Output: -1 
 

Approach: The key observation in the problem is any that there can be only three types of the remainder for all the types of numbers That is {0, 1, 2}. Hence, we can segregate numbers into three parts and if we arrange the numbers having remainder as 0 with the numbers having remainder as 1 or 2. Then their sum is not divisible by 3. If there is no way to arrange all the numbers in this way then there is no permutation such that their sum of adjacent elements is not divisible by 3.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:  

C++




// C++ implementation to find the
// permutation of the array such that
// sum of adjacent elements is not
// divisible by 3
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define hell 1000000007
#define N 100005
 
// Function to segregate numbers
// based on their remainder
// when divided by three
void count_k(
    vector<int>& arr, int& c_0,
    int& c_1, int& c_2,
    stack<int>& ones,
    stack<int>& twos,
    stack<int>& zeros)
{
    // Loop to iterate over the elements
    // of the given array
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
 
        // Condition to check the
        // remainder of the number
        if (arr[i] % 3 == 0) {
            c_0++;
            zeros.push(arr[i]);
        }
        else if (arr[i] % 3 == 1) {
            c_1++;
            ones.push(arr[i]);
        }
        else {
            c_2++;
            twos.push(arr[i]);
        }
    }
    return;
}
 
// Function to find the permutation
// of the array such that sum of
// adjacent elements is not divisible by 3
void printArrangement(
    vector<int>& arr,
    int& c_0, int& c_1, int& c_2,
    stack<int>& ones,
    stack<int>& twos,
    stack<int>& zeros)
{
    // Condition to check when
    // it's impossible to arrange
    if ((c_0 == 0 && c_1 != 0 && c_2 != 0)
        or c_0 > c_1 + c_2 + 1) {
        cout << "-1";
        return;
    }
 
    // Condition to check when
    // there are no zeros, and
    // only ones or only twos
    if (c_0 == 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
            cout << arr[i] << " ";
        }
        return;
    }
 
    // Array to store the permutation
    int i, j, ans[N];
    memset(ans, -1, sizeof(ans));
 
    // Place the ones on alternate places
    // in the answer array,
    // leaving spaces for zeros remainder
    // elements in the array
    for (i = 1, j = 0; j < c_1; i += 2, j++) {
        ans[i] = ones.top();
        ones.pop();
    }
 
    // Adding a zero to
    // connect it with a two
    ans[i - 1] = zeros.top();
    zeros.pop();
    c_0--;
 
    // Place the twos on alternate places
    // in the answer array,
    // leaving spaces for zeros
    for (j = 0; j < c_2; j++, i += 2) {
        ans[i] = twos.top();
        twos.pop();
    }
 
    // Fill the zeros finally,
    // between the ones and the twos
    for (int k = 0; c_0 > 0; k += 2) {
        if (ans[k] == -1) {
            ans[k] = zeros.top();
            c_0--;
        }
    }
 
    // Print the arrangement of the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        if (ans[i] != -1)
            cout << ans[i] << " ";
    }
    return;
}
 
// Function to solve the problem
void solve(int n,
           vector<int>& arr)
{
 
    // As there can be only 3 remainders
    stack<int> ones, zeros, twos;
 
    int c_0 = 0, c_1 = 0, c_2 = 0;
    count_k(arr, c_0, c_1, c_2,
            ones, twos, zeros);
 
    // Function Call
    printArrangement(
        arr, c_0, c_1, c_2,
        ones, twos, zeros);
}
 
// Driver Code
signed main()
{
    int n = 5;
    vector<int> arr{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 
    solve(n, arr);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java implementation to find the
// permutation of the array such that
// sum of adjacent elements is not
// divisible by 3
import java.util.*;
class GFG{
   
static final int hell = 1000000007;
static final int N = 100005;
static int c_0, c_1, c_2;
   
// Function to segregate numbers
// based on their remainder
// when divided by three
static void count_k(int []arr,
                    Stack<Integer> ones,
                    Stack<Integer> twos,
                    Stack<Integer> zeros)
{
  // Loop to iterate over
  // the elements of the
  // given array
  for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
  {
    // Condition to check the
    // remainder of the number
    if (arr[i] % 3 == 0)
    {
      c_0++;
      zeros.add(arr[i]);
    }
    else if (arr[i] % 3 == 1)
    {
      c_1++;
      ones.add(arr[i]);
    }
    else
    {
      c_2++;
      twos.add(arr[i]);
    }
  }
  return;
}
 
// Function to find the permutation
// of the array such that sum of
// adjacent elements is not divisible by 3
static void printArrangement(int []arr,
                             Stack<Integer> ones,
                             Stack<Integer> twos,
                             Stack<Integer> zeros)
{
  // Condition to check when
  // it's impossible to arrange
  if ((c_0 == 0 && c_1 != 0 && c_2 != 0) ||
       c_0 > c_1 + c_2 + 1)
  {
    System.out.print("-1");
    return;
  }
 
  // Condition to check when
  // there are no zeros, and
  // only ones or only twos
  if (c_0 == 0)
  {
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
    {
      System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
    }
    return;
  }
 
  // Array to store the permutation
  int i, j;
  int []ans = new int[N];
  Arrays.fill(ans, -1);
 
  // Place the ones on alternate places
  // in the answer array,
  // leaving spaces for zeros remainder
  // elements in the array
  for (i = 1, j = 0; j < c_1; i += 2, j++)
  {
    ans[i] = ones.peek();
    ones.pop();
  }
 
  // Adding a zero to
  // connect it with a two
  ans[i - 1] = zeros.peek();
  zeros.pop();
  c_0--;
 
  // Place the twos on alternate places
  // in the answer array,
  // leaving spaces for zeros
  for (j = 0; j < c_2; j++, i += 2)
  {
    ans[i] = twos.peek();
    twos.pop();
  }
 
  // Fill the zeros finally,
  // between the ones and the twos
  for (int k = 0; c_0 > 0; k += 2)
  {
    if (ans[k] == -1)
    {
      ans[k] = zeros.peek();
      c_0--;
    }
  }
 
  // Print the arrangement of the array
  for (int i1 = 0; i1 < N; i1++)
  {
    if (ans[i1] != -1)
      System.out.print(ans[i1] + " ");
  }
  return;
}
 
// Function to solve the problem
static void solve(int n, int []arr)
{
  // As there can be only 3 remainders
  Stack<Integer> ones = new Stack<Integer>();
  Stack<Integer> zeros = new Stack<Integer>();
  Stack<Integer> twos = new Stack<Integer>();
 
  c_0 = 0;
  c_1 = 0;
  c_2 = 0;
  count_k(arr, ones, twos, zeros);
 
  // Function Call
  printArrangement(arr, ones, twos, zeros);
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
  int n = 5;
  int []arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  solve(n, arr);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput


Python3




# Python3 implementation to find the
# permutation of the array such that
# sum of adjacent elements is not
# divisible by 3
hell = 1000000007
N = 100005
c_0 = 0
c_1 = 0
c_2 = 0
 
# Function to segregate numbers
# based on their remainder
# when divided by three
def count_k(arr, ones, twos, zeros):
     
    global c_0, c_1, c_2
     
    # Loop to iterate over
    # the elements of the
    # given array
    for i in range(len(arr)):
         
        # Condition to check the
        # remainder of the number
        if (arr[i] % 3 == 0):
            c_0 += 1
            zeros.append(arr[i])
         
        elif (arr[i] % 3 == 1):
            c_1 += 1
            ones.append(arr[i])
         
        else:
         
            c_2 += 1
            twos.append(arr[i])
 
# Function to find the permutation
# of the array such that sum of
# adjacent elements is not divisible by 3
def printArrangement(arr, ones, twos, zeros):
     
    global c_0, c_1, c_2
     
    # Condition to check when
    # it's impossible to arrange
    if ((c_0 == 0 and c_1 != 0 and
        c_2 != 0) or c_0 > c_1 + c_2 + 1):
        print("-1", end = "")
        return
     
    # Condition to check when
    # there are no zeros, and
    # only ones or only twos
    if (c_0 == 0):
        for i in range(len(arr)):
            print(arr[i], end = " ")
         
        return
     
    # Array to store the permutation
    ans = [-1] * N
     
    # Place the ones on alternate places
    # in the answer array,
    # leaving spaces for zeros remainder
    # elements in the array
    i, j = 1, 0
     
    while (j < c_1):
        ans[i] = ones[-1]
        ones.pop()
        i += 2
        j += 1
     
    # Adding a zero to
    # connect it with a two
    ans[i - 1] = zeros[-1]
    zeros.pop()
    c_0 -= 1
     
    # Place the twos on alternate
    # places in the answer array,
    # leaving spaces for zeros
    j = 0
     
    while (j < c_2):
        ans[i] = twos[-1]
        twos.pop()
        j += 1
        i += 2
     
    # Fill the zeros finally,
    # between the ones and the twos
    k = 0
     
    while c_0 > 0:
        if (ans[k] == -1):
            ans[k] = zeros[-1]
            c_0 -= 1
         
        k += 2
     
    # Print the arrangement of the array
    for i1 in range(N):
        if (ans[i1] != -1):
            print(ans[i1], end = " ")
     
    return
 
# Function to solve the problem
def solve(n, arr):
     
    # As there can be only 3 remainders
    ones = []
    zeros = []
    twos = []
 
    count_k(arr, ones, twos, zeros)
     
    # Function Call
    printArrangement(arr, ones, twos, zeros)
     
# Driver Code
n = 5
arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
 
solve(n, arr)
 
# This code is contributed by divyesh072019


C#




// C# implementation to find the
// permutation of the array such that
// sum of adjacent elements is not
// divisible by 3
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG{
   
static readonly int hell = 1000000007;
static readonly int N = 100005;
static int c_0, c_1, c_2;
   
// Function to segregate numbers
// based on their remainder
// when divided by three
static void count_k(int []arr,
                    Stack<int> ones,
                    Stack<int> twos,
                    Stack<int> zeros)
{
  // Loop to iterate over
  // the elements of the
  // given array
  for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
  {
    // Condition to check the
    // remainder of the number
    if (arr[i] % 3 == 0)
    {
      c_0++;
      zeros.Push(arr[i]);
    }
    else if (arr[i] % 3 == 1)
    {
      c_1++;
      ones.Push(arr[i]);
    }
    else
    {
      c_2++;
      twos.Push(arr[i]);
    }
  }
  return;
}
 
// Function to find the permutation
// of the array such that sum of
// adjacent elements is not divisible by 3
static void printArrangement(int []arr,
                             Stack<int> ones,
                             Stack<int> twos,
                             Stack<int> zeros)
{
  // Condition to check when
  // it's impossible to arrange
  if ((c_0 == 0 && c_1 != 0 && c_2 != 0) ||
       c_0 > c_1 + c_2 + 1)
  {
    Console.Write("-1");
    return;
  }
 
  // Condition to check when
  // there are no zeros, and
  // only ones or only twos
  int i;
  if (c_0 == 0)
  {
    for (i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
    {
      Console.Write(arr[i] + " ");
    }
    return;
  }
 
  // Array to store the permutation
  int j;
  int []ans = new int[N];
  for (i = 0; i < ans.Length; i++)
    ans[i] = -1;
 
  // Place the ones on alternate places
  // in the answer array,
  // leaving spaces for zeros remainder
  // elements in the array
  for (i = 1, j = 0; j < c_1; i += 2, j++)
  {
    ans[i] = ones.Peek();
    ones.Pop();
  }
 
  // Adding a zero to
  // connect it with a two
  ans[i - 1] = zeros.Peek();
  zeros.Pop();
  c_0--;
 
  // Place the twos on alternate places
  // in the answer array,
  // leaving spaces for zeros
  for (j = 0; j < c_2; j++, i += 2)
  {
    ans[i] = twos.Peek();
    twos.Pop();
  }
 
  // Fill the zeros finally,
  // between the ones and the twos
  for (int k = 0; c_0 > 0; k += 2)
  {
    if (ans[k] == -1)
    {
      ans[k] = zeros.Peek();
      c_0--;
    }
  }
 
  // Print the arrangement of the array
  for (int i1 = 0; i1 < N; i1++)
  {
    if (ans[i1] != -1)
      Console.Write(ans[i1] + " ");
  }
  return;
}
 
// Function to solve the problem
static void solve(int n, int []arr)
{
  // As there can be only 3 remainders
  Stack<int> ones = new Stack<int>();
  Stack<int> zeros = new Stack<int>();
  Stack<int> twos = new Stack<int>();
 
  c_0 = 0;
  c_1 = 0;
  c_2 = 0;
  count_k(arr, ones, twos, zeros);
 
  // Function Call
  printArrangement(arr, ones, twos, zeros);
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
  int n = 5;
  int []arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  solve(n, arr);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript implementation to find the
// permutation of the array such that
// sum of adjacent elements is not
// divisible by 3
let hell = 1000000007
let N = 100005
let c_0 = 0
let c_1 = 0
let c_2 = 0
 
// Function to segregate numbers
// based on their remainder
// when divided by three
function count_k(arr, ones, twos, zeros){
     
    // Loop to iterate over
    // the elements of the
    // given array
    for(let i = 0;i<arr.length;i++){
         
        // Condition to check the
        // remainder of the number
        if (arr[i] % 3 == 0){
            c_0 += 1
            zeros.push(arr[i])
        }
         
        else if (arr[i] % 3 == 1){
            c_1 += 1
            ones.push(arr[i])
        }
         
        else{
            c_2 += 1
            twos.push(arr[i])
        }
    }
}
 
// Function to find the permutation
// of the array such that sum of
// adjacent elements is not divisible by 3
function printArrangement(arr, ones, twos, zeros){
 
     
    // Condition to check when
    // it's impossible to arrange
    if ((c_0 == 0 && c_1 != 0 &&
        c_2 != 0) || c_0 > c_1 + c_2 + 1){
        document.write("-1")
        return
    }
     
    // Condition to check when
    // there are no zeros, &&
    // only ones || only twos
    if (c_0 == 0){
        for(let i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
            document.write(arr[i]," ")
        }
        return
    }
     
    // Array to store the permutation
    let ans = new Array(N).fill(-1)
     
    // Place the ones on alternate places
    // in the answer array,
    // leaving spaces for zeros remainder
    // elements in the array
    let i = 1
    let j = 0
     
    while (j < c_1){
        ans[i] = ones[ones.length-1]
        ones.pop()
        i += 2
        j += 1
    }
     
    // Adding a zero to
    // connect it with a two
    ans[i - 1] = zeros[zeros.length-1]
    zeros.pop()
    c_0 -= 1
     
    // Place the twos on alternate
    // places in the answer array,
    // leaving spaces for zeros
    j = 0
     
    while (j < c_2){
        ans[i] = twos[twos.length-1]
        twos.pop()
        j += 1
        i += 2
    }
     
    // Fill the zeros finally,
    // between the ones and the twos
    let k = 0
     
    while(c_0 > 0){
        if (ans[k] == -1){
            ans[k] = zeros[zeros.length-1]
            c_0 -= 1
        }
         
        k += 2
    }
     
    // Print the arrangement of the array
    for(let i1=0;i1<N;i1++){
        if (ans[i1] != -1){
            document.write(ans[i1]," ")
        }
    }
     
    return
}
 
// Function to solve the problem
function solve(n, arr){
     
    // As there can be only 3 remainders
    let ones = []
    let zeros = []
    let twos = []
 
    count_k(arr, ones, twos, zeros)
     
    // Function Call
    printArrangement(arr, ones, twos, zeros)
}
     
// Driver Code
let n = 5
let arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
 
solve(n, arr)
 
// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra
 
</script>


Output

4 1 3 5 2

Time Complexity: O(N), where N is the size of the given array.
Auxiliary Space: O(N), for creating additional array of size N.



Last Updated : 06 Sep, 2022
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