In Perl, Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is nothing more than a protocol which defines the interaction of web servers with some executable programs in order to produce dynamic web pages. Basically, it shows how the web server sends information to the program and the program sends the information back to the web server which in turn can be sent back to the browser.
GET and POST are not interchangeable and both the types are different. Proxy servers may cache the output of GET requests. GET method is the default method for all web request to pass the information from browser to the web server and it also creates a long string that shows up in the browser’s URL box. It sends the encrypted user information attached to the page request. The page and the encrypted information is separated by ? character:
Example:
http://servername.com/cgi-bin/script_name.cgi or.pl?key1=value1&key2=value2…….
This information is passed through QUERY_STRING header and by using QUERY_STRING environment variable it can be easily accessed in your CGI program. Only 1024 characters can be there in a request string as the GET method has the size limitation. Information can be passed by simply concatenating key-value pairs along with any URL.
NOTE: If you are dealing with passwords or any other sensitive information in order to pass it to the server, then using the GET method is not a good choice.
Example:
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<b> Search Your Query:</b><br>
<FORM action="Gfg_get.pl" method = "GET">
<input type="text" name="q" size="20" maxlength="120">
<input type="submit" value="Search"><br>
<input type="radio" name="l" value="Web" checked>Web
<input type="radio" name="l" value="India">IND
</FORM>
</body>
</html>
|
Output:
Perl-CGI script for the above GET method form:
#!"c:\xampp\perl\bin\perl.exe"
$buffer = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'};
#split information into key/value pairs
@pairs = split(/&/, $buffer);
foreach $pair (@pairs)
{
($name, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$value =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9] [a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C", hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/~!/ ~!/g;
$FORM{$name} = $value;
}
$SearchTerm = $FORM{'q'};
$Location = $FORM{'l'};
print "Content-type:text/html\r\n\r\n";
print "<html>";
print "<head>";
print "<title>GeeksForGeeks - Get Method</title>";
print "</head>";
print "<body>";
print "<h3>Hello You searched '$Location' for '$SearchTerm'<br>
Few Matches Found!<br>
<br>
Match 1<br>
Match 2<br>
Match 3<br>
Match 4<br>
etc.....</h3>";
print "</body>";
print "</html>";
1;
|
Output:
As shown above, in the output image, the information is passed along with the URL:
http://localhost/xampp/cgi-bin/Gfg_get.pl?q=music&l=Web
In contrast, the POST method is the most reliable method to pass information to a CGI program. Generally, the POST method is used when the information is required to be uploaded on the server. Aiming of uploading larger amount of data, POST method is considered more suitable for it instead of GET method as none of the data appears in the URL box. Similar to the GET method, the information is packed in this too but instead of sending it as a text string after ? in the URL box, it sends it as a separate message to the server through a different route which is accessible by your Perl/CGI program.
Example:
<head></head>
<body>
<b>Please Fill in the Information:</b><br>
<form action="GfG_post.pl" method="post">
First Name:<br>
<input type="text" name="first_name" size="25" maxlength="100"><br>
Last Name:<br>
<input type="text" name="last_name" size="25" maxlength="100"><br>
<br>
Languages:<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="python" value="yes">Python
<input type="checkbox" name="java" value="yes">Java
<input type="checkbox" name="kotlin" value="yes">Kotlin
<input type="checkbox" name="perl" value="yes">Perl
<input type="checkbox" name="swift" value="yes">Swift
<br>
Payment: <select name=payment>
<option>---Select---</option>
<Option value="Paypal"> Paypal </option>
<Option value="Internet Banking"> Internet Banking </option>
<Option value="Credit Card"> Credict Card </option>
<Option value="Paytm"> Paytm </option>
</select><br>
<br>
First Time Customer?<br>
<input type="radio" name="first_time" value="Yes">Yes
<input type="radio" name="first_time" value="No">No<br>
<br>
Feedback:<br>
<textarea wrap= "virtual" name="feedback" cols="25" rows="3"></textarea><br>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="Place Order">
</form>
</body>
</html>
|
Output:
Perl-CGI script for the above POST method:
#!"c:\xampp\perl\bin\perl.exe"
read (STDIN, $buffer, $ENV{'CONTENT_LENGTH'});
@pairs = split(/&/, $buffer);
foreach $pair (@pairs)
{
($name, $value) = split(/=/, $pair);
$value =~ tr/+/ /;
$value =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9] [a-fA-F0-9])/pack("C", hex($1))/eg;
$value =~ s/~!/ ~!/g;
$FORM{$name} = $value;
}
if($FORM{python})
{
$python_flag ="YES";
}
else
{
$python_flag ="NO";
}
if($FORM{java})
{
$java_flag ="YES";
}
else
{
$java_flag ="NO";
}
if($FORM{kotlin})
{
$kotlin_flag ="YES";
}
else
{
$kotlin_flag ="NO";
}
if($FORM{perl})
{
$perl_flag ="YES";
}
else
{
$perl_flag ="NO";
}
if($FORM{swift})
{
$swift_flag ="YES";
}
else
{
$swift_flag ="NO";
}
$first_name= $FORM{'first_name'};
$last_name= $FORM{'last_name'};
$payment_method= $FORM{'payment'};
$first_time= $FORM{'first_time'};
$feed_back= $FORM{'feedback'};
print "Content-type:text/html\r\n\r\n";
print "<html>";
print "<head>";
print "<title>GeeksForGeeks - Post Method</title>";
print "</head>";
print "<body>";
print "<h3>Hello $first_name $last_name</h3>";
print "<h3>Here is your Purchased Order!</h3>";
print "<h3>Python: $python_flag</h3>";
print "<h3>Java: $java_flag</h3>";
print "<h3>Kotlin: $kotlin_flag</h3>";
print "<h3>Perl: $perl_flag</h3>";
print "<h3>Swift: $swift_flag</h3>";
print "<h3>Payment Method: $payment_method</h3>";
print "<h3>First Time Customer: $first_time</h3>";
print "<h3>Feedback: $feed_back</h3>";
print "</body>";
print "</html>";
1;
|
Output:
As it can be seen in the image above, that after using POST method the information is uploaded to the server without appearing into the URL box. This makes data sent over the internet, more secure in comparison to the GET method.
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Last Updated :
14 Jul, 2019
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