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Parity of the given mathematical expression using given N numbers

Given N positive integers A1, A2, …, AN, the task is to determine the parity of the expression S. 
For the given N numbers, the expression S is given as: 

 

Examples: 

Input: N = 3, A1 = 2, A2 = 3, A3 = 1 
Output: Even 
Explanation: 
S = 1 + (2 + 3 + 1) + (2*3 + 3*1 + 1*2) + (2*3*1) = 24, which is even

Input: N = 2, A1 = 2, A2 = 4 
Output: Odd 
Explanation: 
S = 1 + (2 + 4) + (2 * 4) = 15, which is odd 

Naive Approach: The naive approach for this problem is to plug in all the values of Ai in the given expression and find the parity of the given expression. This method doesn’t work for higher values of N as the multiplication is not a constant operation for higher-ordered numbers. And also, the value might become so large that it might cause integer overflow. 

Efficient Approach: The idea is to perform some processing on the expression and reduce the expression into simpler terms so that the parity can be checked without computing the value. Let N = 3. Then:
 

1 + (A1 + A2 + A3) + ((A1 * A2) + (A2 * A3) + (A3 * A1) + (A1 * A2 * A3)  

(1 + A1) + (A2 + A1 * A2) + (A3 + A3 * A1) + (A2 * A3 + A1 * A2 * A3)
=> (1 + A1) + A2 * (1 + A1) + A3 * (1 + A1) + A2 * A3 * (1 + A1

(1 + A1) * (1 + A2 + A2 + (A2 * A3))
=> (1 + A1) * (1 + A2 + A3 * (1 + A2

(1 + A1) * (1 + A2) * (1 + A3

(1 + A1) * (1 + A2) * (1 + A3) … * (1 + AN

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

// C++ program to determine the
// parity of the given mathematical
// expression
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
void getParity(
    int n,
    const vector<int>& A)
{
 
    // Iterating through the
    // given integers
    for (auto x : A) {
        if (x & 1) {
 
            // If any odd number
            // is present, then S
            // is even parity
            cout << "Even" << endl;
            return;
        }
    }
 
    // Else, S is odd parity
    cout << "Odd" << endl;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
 
    int N = 3;
    vector<int> A = { 2, 3, 1 };
    getParity(N, A);
 
    return 0;
}

                    
// Java program to determine the
// parity of the given mathematical
// expression
class GFG{
 
static void getParity(int n, int []A)
{
 
    // Iterating through the
    // given integers
    for (int x : A)
    {
        if ((x & 1) == 1)
        {
 
            // If any odd number
            // is present, then S
            // is even parity
            System.out.println("Even");
            return;
        }
    }
 
    // Else, S is odd parity
    System.out.println("Odd");
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int N = 3;
    int [] A = { 2, 3, 1 };
    getParity(N, A);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

                    
# Python3 program to determine the
# parity of the given mathematical
# expression
def getParity(n, A):
 
    # Iterating through
    # the given integers
    for x in A:
        if (x & 1):
 
            # If any odd number
            # is present, then S
            # is even parity
            print("Even")
            return
 
    # Else, S is odd parity
    print("Odd")
     
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    N = 3
    A = [ 2, 3, 1 ]
     
    getParity(N, A)
 
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29

                    
// C# program to determine the
// parity of the given mathematical
// expression
using System;
 
public class GFG{
 
    static void getParity(int n, int []A)
    {
     
        // Iterating through the
        // given integers
        foreach (int x in A)
        {
            if ((x & 1) == 1)
            {
     
                // If any odd number
                // is present, then S
                // is even parity
                Console.WriteLine("Even");
                return;
            }
        }
     
        // Else, S is odd parity
        Console.WriteLine("Odd");
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int N = 3;
        int [] A = { 2, 3, 1 };
        getParity(N, A);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

                    
<script>
// Javascript program to determine the
// parity of the given mathematical
// expression
 
function getParity(n, A)
{
   
    // Iterating through the
    // given integers
    for (let x in A)
    {
        if ((x & 1) == 1)
        {
   
            // If any odd number
            // is present, then S
            // is even parity
            document.write("Even");
            return;
        }
    }
   
    // Else, S is odd parity
    document.write("Odd");
}
 
  // Driver Code
     
     let N = 3;
    let A = [ 2, 3, 1 ];
    getParity(N, A);
       
</script>

                    

Output: 
Even

 

Time Complexity: O(N), where N is the number of given numbers.

Space Complexity : O(1)
 


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